mediicine budha

8/12/2019 Mediicine Budha

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MEDICINE BUDDHA

The MEANING of the SHORT MANTRA

TA YA THA / OM BEKANDZE BEKANDZE / MAHA

BEKANDZE RANDZA / SAMUDGATE SOHA

Bekandze means e!m!nat!n" #a!n$ maha %ekandzemeans "&eat e!m!nat!n" of #a!n' One e(#anat!on of

the mean!n" of the f!&st %ekandze !s that !t &efe&s to

e!m!nat!n" the #a!n of t&)e s)ffe&!n"$ not *)st ofd!sease %)t of a #&o%ems' It e!m!nates the #a!n of

death and &e%!&th that a&e +a)sed %, ka&ma andd!st)&%!n" tho)"hts' The f!&st %ekandze e!m!nates a

the #&o%ems of %od, and m!nd$ !n+)d!n" od a"e and

s!+kness'The se+ond %ekandze e!m!nates a the t&)e +a)se of

s)ffe&!n"$ -h!+h !s not e(te&na %)t -!th!n the m!nd'Th!s &efe&s to ka&ma and d!st)&%!n" tho)"hts' It !s the

!nne& +a)se that ena%es e(te&na fa+to&s s)+h as foodand e(#os)&e to s)n!"ht %e+ome +ond!t!ons fo&

d!sease'

S+!ent!sts +a!m that s)n%ak!n" +a)ses sk!n +an+e&'Ho-e.e&$ -!tho)t the +a)se !n the m!nd$ the&e !s

noth!n" to make e(te&na fa+to&s %e+ome +ond!t!onsfo& d!sease' E(#os)&e to s)n!"ht !s a +ond!t!on fo& sk!n

+an+e&$ %)t !t !s not the ma!n +a)se' o& those -hoha.e +&eated the +a)se to "et sk!n +an+e&$ thee(te&na #henomenon of s)n!"ht +an %e+ome a

+ond!t!on fo& sk!n +an+e&'o& e(am#e$ not e.e&,one -ho s)n%akes on the

%ea+h "ets sk!n +an+e&' Aso' h)man %e!n"s ha.e %een

e(#os!n" themse.es to the s)n fo& man, tho)sands of,ea&s$ %)t sk!n +an+e& !s a +om#a&at!.e, &e+ent

#henomenon' The !m#o&tant 0)est!on !s1 2h, doesn3te.e&,one -ho !s e(#osed to the s)n "et sk!n +an+e&4

The #&oof that s)n!"ht !s not the ma!n +a)se of sk!n+an+e& !s that not e.e&,one -ho !s e(#osed to the s)n"ets sk!n +an+e&'

If someone has +&eated the +a)se$ as on" as the, donot do an,th!n" to #)&!f, !t$ the +a)se -! def!n!te,

%&!n" !ts o-n &es)t5 *)st as a seed that !s #anted -!def!n!te, &es)t !n a s#&o)t as on" as !t !s not eaten

%, %!&ds and so fo&th' On+e the&e !s a +a)se$ as on"


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as the&e !s no o%sta+e to the +a)se$ !t !s nat)&a toe(#e&!en+e !ts &es)t'

So$ the se+ond %ekandze &efe&s to e!m!nat!n" the+a)se of #&o%ems$ ka&ma mot!.ated %, d!st)&%!n"

tho)"hts'

The th!&d #h&ase$ maha %ekandze$ o& 6"&eate!m!nat!n"$7 &efe&s to e!m!nat!n" e.en the s)%te

!m#&!nts eft on the +ons+!o)sness %, d!st)&%!n"tho)"hts'

The Med!+!ne B)ddha mant&a a+t)a, +onta!ns the

&emed, of the -hoe "&ad)ated #ath toen!"htenment' The f!&st %ekandze +onta!ns the

"&ad)ated #ath of the o-e& +a#a%e %e!n" !n "ene&a5the se+ond %ekandze$ the "&ad)ated #ath of the

m!dde +a#a%e %e!n" !n "ene&a5 and maha %ekandze$

the "&ad)ated #ath of the h!"he& +a#a%e %e!n"' The-hoe "&ad)ated #ath f&om the %e"!nn!n" )# to the

#ee&ess ha##!ness of f) en!"htenment !s +onta!ned!n the Med!+!ne B)ddha mant&a'

Re+!t!n" the mant&a ea.es !m#&!nts on o)& m!nd$ sothat -e a&e aso a%e to a+t)a!ze the #ath +onta!ned !n

the mant&a' It esta%!shes the %ess!n" of the -hoe

#ath -!th!n o)& hea&t5 -e +an then "ene&ate the -hoe"&ad)ated #ath to en!"htenment$ -h!+h !s s!"n!f!ed %,

%ekandze %ekandze maha %ekandze'The Om !s +om#osed of th&ee so)nds$ ah$ o$ and ma$

-h!+h s!"n!f, the Med!+!ne B)ddha3s +om#ete, #)&eho, %od,$ ho, s#ee+h$ and ho, m!nd' A+t)a!z!n" the-hoe #ath to en!"htenment #)&!f!es o)& !m#)&e %od,$

s#ee+h$ and m!nd and t&ansfo&ms them !nto theMed!+!ne B)ddha3s #)&e ho, %od,$ ho, s#ee+h$ and

ho, m!nd' 2e then %e+ome a #e&fe+t ")!de fo& !.!n"

%e!n"s'2!th o)& omn!s+!ent m!nd -e a&e a%e to effo&tess,$

d!&e+t, see -!tho)t m!stake the e.e of m!nd of e.e&,!.!n" %e!n" and a the methods that f!t them !n o&de&

to %&!n" them f&om ha##!ness to ha##!ness$ to the#ee&ess ha##!ness of f) en!"htenment'2e aso ha.e the #e&fe+t #o-e& to man!fest !n .a&!o)s

fo&ms to s)!t e.e&, !.!n" %e!n" and &e.ea thene+essa&, methods to ")!de them$ s)+h as "!.!n"

mate&!a he#$ ed)+at!on$ o& Dha&ma tea+h!n"s'2hene.e& the #os!t!.e !m#&!nt eft %, the!& #ast

#os!t!.e a+t!ons &!#ens$ -!tho)t dea, of e.en a


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se+ond$ -e +an &e.ea .a&!o)s means to ")!de the!.!n" %e!n" to en!"htenment'

HO2 TO USE THE MANTRA TO IN8REASE THE 9O2ER

O MEDI8INE

Afte& the, ha.e made med!+!ne$ T!%etan do+to&s )seMed!+!ne B)ddha med!tat!on and mant&as to %ess !t'

The med!+!ne !s then mo&e effe+t!.e %e+a)se %es!des

the #o-e& of a the med!+!na #ants and othe&s)%stan+es !t +onta!ns$ !t has add!t!ona s#!&!t)a #o-e&

that +an he# %&!n" a 0)!+k &e+o.e&, and #)&!f!+at!on ofthe m!nd'

B, &e+!t!n" th!s mant&a$ -e +an !n+&ease the #o-e& of

med!+!ne that -e a&e tak!n" o& "!.!n" to othe&s' 9a+ethe med!+!ne !n a %o- !n f&ont of ,o) and .!s)a!ze a

moon d!s+ a%o.e !t' Stand!n" on the moon d!s+ !s a%)e om s)&&o)nded %, the s,a%es of the Med!+!ne

B)ddha mant&a !n a +o+k-!se d!&e+t!on' As ,o) &e+!tethe mant&a$ ne+ta&s fo- do-n f&om a the s,a%es

and a%so&% !nto the med!+!ne' The s,a%es and the

moon then d!sso.e !nto the med!+!ne$ -h!+h %e+omes.e&, #o-e&f) and a%e to +)&e a d!seases and s#!&!t

ha&ms$ as -e as the!& +a)ses$ ne"at!.e ka&ma andde)s!ons' If ,o) a&e t&eat!n" someone -!th +an+e&$ fo&

e(am#e$ !ma"!ne that the med!+!ne has the s#e+!f!+#o-e& to +)&e +an+e&' The mo&e fa!th ,o) ha.e andthe mo&e mant&as ,o) &e+!te$ the mo&e #o-e& the

med!+!ne -! ha.e'

HO2 TO DO THE MEDI8INE BUDDHA 9RA8TI8E

fo& a s!+k o& d,!n" #e&son o& an!ma

2hen ,o) do the Med!+!ne B)ddha #&a+t!+e fo& an

an!ma o& #e&son -ho !s s!+k o& d,!n"$ .!s)a!ze these.en Med!+!ne B)ddhas :Reno-ned Go&, of E(+eentS!"ns5 K!n" of Meod!o)s So)nd$ B&!!ant Rad!an+e of

A%!!t,5 K!n" of Imma+)ate E(+eent God$ Rad!ant;e-e 2ho )f!s A H!s


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Dha&ma5 Med!+!ne G)&)$ K!n" of =a#!s =!"ht> one onto# of the othe&$ a%o.e the an!ma o& #e&son' !&st

.!s)a!ze that ne+ta&s a&e em!tted f&om the f!&stB)ddha and #)&!f, the %e!n" of a the!& ne"at!.e

ka&mas and o%s+)&at!ons' Re+!te the name of ea+h

Med!+!ne B)ddha se.en t!mes$ then ao- !t to a%so&%!nto the ea+h Med!+!ne B)ddha !n t)&n'

2!th the f!na Med!+!ne B)ddha$ &e+!te ho-e.e& man,mant&as ,o) -!sh and a"a!n .!s)a!ze st&on"

#)&!f!+at!on' Th!nk that the an!ma o& #e&son has %een

+om#ete, #)&!f!ed5 no ne"at!.e ka&ma at a e(!sts !nthe!& menta +ont!n))m$ and the!& %od, %e+omes as

+am and +ea& as +&,sta'The Med!+!ne B)ddha then mets !nto !"ht$ a%so&%s

-!th!n the an!ma o& #e&son$ and %esses the!& %od,$

s#ee+h$ and m!nd so that the, %e+ome one -!th theMed!+!ne B)ddha' The!& m!nd !s t&ansfo&med !nto

Med!+!ne B)ddha3s ho, m!nd' Med!tate st&on", onthat oneness'

Yo) +an th!nk that the %eams a&e aso em!tted to aothe& sent!ent %e!n"s$ es#e+!a, those -ho a&e s!+k

-!th +an+e&$ AIDS$ and othe& d!seases$ and #)&!f,

them' O& ,o) +an .!s)a!ze the se.en Med!+!neB)ddhas a%o.e the +&o-n of ea+h sent!ent %e!n" and

#)&!f, them !n that -a,' o+)s #a&t!+)a&, on the#e&son ,o) a&e #&a,!n" fo&$ %)t th!nk that the&e a&e

aso se.en Med!+!ne B)ddhas a%o.e the +&o-n ofe.e&, othe& sent!ent %e!n"'Aso$ !f the #e&son !s d,!n"$ .!s)a!ze that a t)%e?!ke

%eam !s em!tted f&om Med!+!ne B)ddha3s hea&t and%e+omes a +hanne !ns!de the #e&son' The +hanne !s

sha#ed !ke an )m%&ea hande$ hoo- !ns!de %)t -!th

no hoe at the end$ and e(tends to *)st %eo- thena.e' Red %eams sha#ed !ke a hook a&e sent f&om

Med!+!ne B)ddha3s hea&t and hook the #e&son3s+ons+!o)sness$ -h!+h !s .!s)a!zed the s!ze of a

m)sta&d seed$ %)t !n the nat)&e of -h!te !"ht' It !s not+on+&ete o& hea.,$ %)t !s e(t&eme, !"ht' The &edhook?!ke %eams hooked the +ons+!o)sness$ and !t f!es

)# th&o)"h the +hanne to Med!+!ne B)ddha3s hea&t'Afte& %e!n" a%so&%ed !nto Med!+!ne B)ddha3s hea&t$

the +ons+!o)sness eme&"es f&om the hea&t to take#a+e !n a ot)s !n the #)&e &eam of Med!+!ne B)ddha'

The #e&son then &e+e!.es tea+h!n"s f&om o&


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#&ed!+t!ons a%o)t the!& en!"htenment f&om theMed!+!ne B)ddha'

If ,o) ha.e st&on" +om#ass!on and sta%e+on+ent&at!on d)&!n" th!s med!tat!on$ ,o) m!"ht he#

to #&e.ent the #e&son %e!n" %o&n !n the o-e& &eams'

MEDICINE BUDDHA

Heae& of O)te& and Inne& S!+kness An e(+et f&omA Sho&t Tea+h!n" on the Med!+!ne B)ddha

%, Geshe Kesan" G,atso

Med!+!ne B)ddha !s a f), en!"htened %e!n"' To)nde&stand -ho he !s$ -hat h!s nat)&e !s$ -hat h!s

f)n+t!on !s$ and so on$ -e f!&st need to )nde&stand-hat an en!"htened %e!n" !s' Gene&a,$ @%e!n"@ means

an, %e!n" -ho e(#e&!en+es fee!n"s #easant$

)n#easant$ o& ne)t&a' Th)s -e a&e %e!n"s$ andan!mas a&e %e!n"s5 %)t ho)ses and #ants a&e not

%e!n"s %e+a)se the, do not e(#e&!en+e an, fee!n"s'The&e a&e t-o t,#es of %e!n"1 sent!ent %e!n"s and

en!"htened %e!n"s' A sent!ent %e!n"$ o& !.!n" %e!n"$!s a %e!n" -hose m!nd !s aff!+ted %, the da&kness of

!"no&an+e' An en!"htened %e!n" !s a %e!n" -ho !s

+om#ete, f&ee f&om the da&kness of !"no&an+e';)st as sent!ent %e!n"s ha.e man, d!ffe&ent as#e+ts$

so do en!"htened %e!n"s' En!"htened %e!n"s emanate+o)ntess d!ffe&ent fo&ms fo& the %enef!t of !.!n"

%e!n"s' Somet!mes the, a##ea& as De!t!es$ somet!mesas h)mans$ somet!mes as non?h)mans' Somet!mesthe, a##ea& as B)ddh!st Tea+he&s$ somet!mes non?

B)ddh!st Tea+he&s$ somet!mes as +&az, #eo#e o& e.!#eo#e$ and somet!mes e.en as !nan!mate o%*e+ts'

Emanat!ons of en!"htened %e!n"s #e&.ade the -hoe

-o&d$ %)t %e+a)se o)& m!nd !s +o.e&ed %, !"no&an+e-e do not &e+o"n!ze them' 2e +annot sa, -ho o&

-hat !s an emanat!on of a B)ddha'Med!+!ne B)ddha !s an en!"htened %e!n" -ho has

)n%!ased +om#ass!on fo& a !.!n" %e!n"s' He #&ote+ts!.!n" %e!n"s f&om #h,s!+a and menta s!+kness andothe& dan"e&s and o%sta+es$ and he#s them to

e&ad!+ate the th&ee #o!sons atta+hment$ hat&ed$ and!"no&an+e -h!+h a&e the so)&+e of a s!+kness and

dan"e&' He !s a B)ddha Do+to&'At one t!me B)ddha Shak,am)n! -as sta,!n" at a

#a+e +aed


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Bodh!satt.a d!s+!#es' At that t!me$ Man*)sh&! -asa##ea&!n" as a Bodh!satt.a d!s+!#e' Th&o)"h h!s

+om#ass!on$ Man*)sh&! &ea!zed that !n the f)t)&e theB)ddhadha&ma -o)d de"ene&ate$ and the %e!n"s of

th!s -o&d -o)d f!nd !t .e&, d!ff!+)t to #&a+t!+e #)&e

Dha&ma and "a!n #)&e &ea!zat!ons' He )nde&stoodthat !t -o)d %e .e&, d!ff!+)t fo& those %e!n"s to

+ont&o the!& m!nds$ and so the, -o)d nat)&a,en"a"e !n ne"at!.e a+t!ons s)+h as k!!n"$ stea!n"$

and hod!n" -&on" .!e-s' As a &es)t the, -o)d

e(#e&!en+e ho&&!f!+ !nesses and )n%ea&a%e menta#a!n' The -o&d -o)d %e f) of #&o%ems$ dan"e&s$

and ad.e&s!t,' !nd!n" the tho)"ht of a th!s s)ffe&!n"!m#oss!%e to %ea&$ Man*)sh&! asked B)ddha1

In the f)t)&e -hen ,o)& Dha&ma and "ene&a s#!&!t)a

#&a+t!+e a&e !n de+!ne$ -hen the h)man %e!n"s !n th!s-o&d a&e s#!&!t)a, !m#o.e&!shed$ -hen the!&

atta+hment$ an"e&$ and !"no&an+e a&e so st&on" andd!ff!+)t to +ont&o that the, e(#e&!en+e +ont!n)a

#h,s!+a s)ffe&!n"$ menta #a!n$ fea&s$ and dan"e&s$and es#e+!a, man, !n+)&a%e d!seases$ -ho -!

&eease them f&om th!s s)ffe&!n" and #&ote+t them

f&om dan"e&4 2ho -! he# them to o.e&+ome theth&ee menta #o!sons4

In &es#onse to Bodh!satt.a Man*)sh&!@s 0)est!on$B)ddha e(#o)nded the S)t&a of E!"ht Tho)sand


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a)d!en+e -e&e de.eo#!n" do)%ts$ f!nd!n" !t d!ff!+)t to%e!e.e the B)ddha@s e(#anat!on a%o)t the e(!sten+e

of Med!+!ne B)ddha' The&efo&e$ a"a!n he &ose f&om h!sseat$ &es#e+tf), +!&+)mam%)ated B)ddha th&ee

t!mes$ made th&ee #&ost&at!ons$ and then -!th h!s eft

knee on the "&o)nd a++o&d!n" to t&ad!t!on$ &e0)estedB)ddha1

To &emo.e do)%ts f&om the m!nds of d!s+!#es$ #easesho- +ea&, ho- th!s B)ddha e(!sts$ -he&e he e(!sts$

and -hat h!s "ood 0)a!t!es a&e'

B)ddha !mmed!ate, ente&ed !nto a%sot!on of+on+ent&at!on$ and f&om h!s hea&t emanated !"ht &a,s

!n.!t!n" the se.en Med!+!ne B)ddhas to


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#)&e fa!th -e sha def!n!te, &e+e!.e the %ess!n"s ofthese atta!nments'

THE 9RA8TI8E O 8ON8ENTRATION :Samadh!>In the th!&d -at+h of Shak,am)n!@s n!"ht of

En!"htenment$ the o)& No%e T&)ths -e&e &e.eaedto h!m$ the fo)&th %e!n" that the&e !s a def!na%e #ath$

o& method$ %, -h!+h En!"htenment !s o%ta!ned' If one

-e&e to #e&s!st !n do!n" C th!n"s !n a +o&&e+t$ and not!n a -&on" manne&$ then the &es)t -o)d %e N!&.ana'

The C !tems aso had an o&de& to them$ and the Cth-as samadh! o& +on+ent&at!on$ that !s fo+)s!n" the

m!nd on a s!n"e #o!nt' The f!&st -e&e the ne+essa&,

s)##o&ts fo& the Cth$ as he e(#a!ned !n a d!s+o)&seate& !n h!s !fe' In h!s o-n 0)est$ !n the ,ea&s f&om

the t!me he eft home )nt! he atta!ned en!"htenment$h!s s!n"e #o!nt of fo+)s -as the +on+e#t of N!&.ana'

2h!e ead!n" a fam!, !fe and #onde&!n" o.e& the otof h)man!t,$ !t -as the -!tness!n" the se&en!t, of a

monk 0)est!n" fo& N!&.ana -h!+h t&!""e&ed h!s

de+!s!on to ea.e home at a"e F'In!t!a, he kne- N!&.ana %, def!n!t!on as the +om#ete

e(t!n+t!on of the senses$ !m#,!n" a &es)t!n" state ofa%so)te !nne& ha##!ness$ ,et ne!the& he no& an,one

ese kne- N!&.ana %, e(#e&!en+e' He -ande&ed and%e""ed$ he med!tated !n so!t)de5 he *o!ned the+omm)n!t!es of se.e&a .ene&a%e tea+he&s$ and he

maste&ed a -hoe &an"e of as+et!+ #&a+t!+es$ one %,one' B)t )#on &ea+h!n" maste&, of a #a&t!+)a&

med!tat!on o& tea+h!n" o& as+et!+ #&a+t!+e$ he

0)est!oned -hethe& o& not th!s -as N!&.ana o& -o)dead to N!&.ana$ and as the ans-e& -as ne"at!.e$ he

0)!+k, a%andoned the #&a+t!+e and mo.ed on toanothe&'

Atho)"h fo& ,ea&s Shak,am)n! s!n"e?#o!nted,so)"ht the state of N!&.ana and &ef)sed to &est !nan,th!n" ese$ he ate& !n+oo&ated man, eements

ea&ned d)&!n" th!s t!me !nto h!s %od, of tea+h!n"s$s)+h eements as1

h ea.!n" homeh -ande&!n"

h kee#!n" &)es of d!s+!#!ne


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h #&a+t!+!n" the a%sot!onsh ente&!n" the med!tat!.e state of em#t!ness

h !nf!n!te s#a+eh !nf!n!te +ons+!o)sness

h ne!the& #e&+e#t!on no& non?#e&+e#t!on

h !.!n" !n +omm)n!t,h and )nde&tak!n" :most, at the o#t!on of the

monk>JF #oss!%e as+et!+ #&a+t!+es'B)t !t -as the +on+e#t of N!&.ana that se&.ed as

Shak,am)n!@s #o!nt of +on+ent&at!on )nt! !t -as f!na,

&ea!zed' Then afte& d-e!n" !n N!&.ana fo& a +o)#e ofda,s$ a #&ofo)nd +han"e took #a+e !n -h!+h he

de+!ded to tem#o&a&!, &e!n0)!sh th!s state !n o&de& to%enef!t othe&s -!th h!s kno-ed"e and -!sdom' &om

that t!me on$ fo& the ne(t ,ea&s$ he ta)"ht #eo#e

the No%e T&)ths and the C od No%e 9ath !n the!&!nn)me&a%e fa+ets$ often +&eat!.e, meet!n" #eo#e

on the!& o-n "&o)nd as the sta&t!n" #o!nt$ then ead!n"them to &ea!ze the!& e&&o&s$ !ns#!&!n" them and

&e.ea!n" the "en!)s of the B)ddha' The B)ddha$kno-!n" the state of N!&.ana$ +an &et)&n the&e at -!$

and does so f&e0)ent, d)&!n" dee# med!tat!on$ %)t at

othe& t!mes !nte&a+ts -!th the -o&d$ &eta!n!n"m!ndf)ness and #&os+&!%ed +ond)+t so as to ma(!m!ze

the %enef!t to the #eo#e$ and not "et +a)"ht$ o&+ont&!%)te to the -o&d@s net of s)ffe&!n"s'

B, the t!me of the B)ddha@s #ass!n" a-a,$a##&o(!mate, F #eo#e$ most, monks$ %)t ason)ns$ a, men and a, -omen -e&e &e+o&ded as

ha.!n" &ea+hed N!&.ana' Amon" them -e&e J "&eatd!s+!#es #o!nted to as e(em#!f,!n" J d!ffe&ent a&eas

of e(#e&t!se$ sho-!n" that &!"ht f&om the %e"!nn!n"

the&e -as -!de d!.e&s!t, !n the San"ha' In thes)%se0)ent "ene&at!ons amon" the d!.e&se !nea"es$

the&e -e&e those -ho$ !n the!& o-n dee# med!tat!ons$)nde&stood that the #ath of B)ddhahood -as a ste#

%e,ond N!&.ana' Those -ho so)"ht to kno-B)ddhahood and em)ate the B)ddha@s #ath -e&e+aed Bodh!satt.a@s$ as o##osed to those med!tato&s

-ho on, so)"ht N!&.ana fo& themse.es'It !s the B)ddh!st #ath of the Bodh!satt.a -h!+h

+a&&!es the Dha&ma do-n to )s FL ,ea&s ate&$em#has!z!n" ent&, !nto samadh!$ sta&t!n" -!th the

samadh!s of Samatha$ %&!n"!n" t&an0)!!t,$ then


10/72

mo.!n" !nto

t&ansat!on of the 9)&e =and S)t&as :JL> -&!tes$ Th!s samadh! -as sha&ed %, d!s+!#es of s)#e&!o&

s#!&!t)a!t, -ho !n t)&n t&ansm!tted !t to ate&

"ene&at!ons' Th)s fo& a fe- +ent)&!es afte&Shak,am)n! the essent!as of the 9)&e =and tea+h!n"s

-e&e t&ansm!tted th&o)"h samadh!$ )nt! !t -as+od!f!ed and t&ansated !nto the an")a"es of d!ffe&ent

#e&!ods and #a+es' ' '' Atho)"h the&e !s no -a, of

kno-!n" ho- those samadh!@s +ente&!n" on theB)ddha$ !n th!s +ase Am!ta%ha -e&e t&ansm!tted !n

Ind!a$ the&e !s !tte do)%t that th!s !s mo&ef)ndamenta and ode& than the t&ansm!ss!ons of

-&!tten s+&!#t)&es' It sho)d aso %e noted that s)+ht&ansm!ss!on !s the s)&e and 0)!+k -a, of +on.e,!n"

the tea+h!n"'

The s+&!#t)&es then &efe& %a+k to th!s samadh! %,em#has!z!n" the #&a+t!+e of Nem%)ts) :&emem%e&!n"

the B)ddha>th&o)"h mant&a &e+!tat!on' The "&eatmaste&s of th!s t&ad!t!on made !t the!& ha%!t to &e+!te

the mant&a man, tho)sands of t!mes a da,' o&e(am#e$ Honen #&a+t!+ed $ mant&a &e+!tat!onsda!,'

In the =ot)s S)t&a$ the o&!"!na +o&e$ a++o&d!n" tos+hoa&s$ -as +ha#te&s F ? $ -!th othe& +ha#te&s

added at d!ffe&ent t!mes ate&' And he&e$ !n +ha#te& F$

the #&!ma&, of ente&!n" !nto +ontem#at!on of theB)ddha !s st&on", stated1

Sa&!#)t&a 2hat !s the one "&eat #)ose fo& -h!+hthe B)ddhas ' ' ' a##ea& !n the -o&ds4 The

B)ddhas ' ' ' a##ea& !n the -o&ds !n o&de& to +a)se a!.!n" %e!n"s to o#en the "ate to the !ns!"ht of theB)ddha$ and to +a)se them to #)&!f, themse.es' The,

a##ea& !n the -o&ds !n o&de& to sho- the !ns!"ht ofthe B)ddha to a !.!n" %e!n"s ' ' ' to +a)se a !.!n"

%e!n"s to o%ta!n the !ns!"ht of the B)ddha ' ' ' to ente&the 2a, to !ns!"ht of the- B)ddha ' ' '


11/72

And !n the Ganda&,)ha$ the f!na %ook of theA.atamsaka S)t&a$ the&e a&e ma,%e se.e&a tho)sand

samadh!s s#e+!f!+a, ment!oned !n the te(t$ %)t !n thef)ndamenta one$ Shak,am)n! -ant!n" to esta%!sh

those Bodh!satt.as !n th!s !on?eme&"en+e

+on+ent&at!on of B)ddhas$ and to sho- them a-a,s !nto the &ea!t, &eam$ &e.eas the B)ddha


12/72

tea+h!n"s$ the&e%, o#en!n" )# the #oss!%!!t, of!"no&!n" !ts o-n fo)nta!nhead$ that !s the B)ddhahood

of Shak,am)n!$ h!s !nst&)+t!ons &e+o&ded !n the A"amaS)t&as$ and e.en the Bodh!+!tta #ath$ -h!+h -as %o&n

f&om #&a+t!+!n" the dha&ma a++o&d!n" to Shak,am)n!'

Then %e!n" a-a&e of the #!tfas of the

the


13/72

!n+om#a&a%e 2hee of the Dhamma$ !n e(#o)nd!n" !nde#th and !n deta! the o)& No%e T&)ths &ea!zed -!th

the atta!nment of en!"htenment' In the Sammad!tth!S)tta the "&eat d!s+!#e %ea&s am#e test!mon, to the

B)ddha@s -o&ds of #&a!se$ %e0)eath!n" )#on )s a

d!s+o)&se that has se&.ed as a #&!me& of B)ddh!stdo+t&!ne fo& "ene&at!ons of monks !n the monaste&!es

of So)th and So)theast As!a'As !ts t!te s)""ests$ the s)%*e+t of the Sammad!tth!

S)tta !s &!"ht .!e-' The ana,s!s of &!"ht .!e-

)nde&taken !n the s)tta %&!n"s )s to the .e&, +o&e ofthe Dhamma$ s!n+e &!"ht .!e- +onst!t)tes the +o&&e+t

)nde&stand!n" of the +ent&a tea+h!n"s of the B)ddha$the tea+h!n"s -h!+h +onfe& )#on the B)ddha@s do+t&!ne

!ts o-n )n!0)e and d!st!n+t!.e stam#' Tho)"h the

#&a+t!+e of &!"ht m!ndf)ness has &!"ht, %een e(toedas the +&est *e-e of the B)ddha@s tea+h!n"$ !t +annot

%e st&essed st&on", eno)"h that the #&a+t!+e ofm!ndf)ness$ o& an, othe& a##&oa+h to med!tat!on$

on, %e+omes an effe+t!.e !nst&)ment of !%e&at!on tothe e(tent that !t !s fo)nded )#on and ")!ded %, &!"ht

.!e-' Hen+e$ to +onf!&m the !m#o&tan+e of &!"ht .!e-$

the B)ddha #a+es !t at the .e&, %e"!nn!n" of theNo%e E!"htfod 9ath' Ese-he&e !n the S)ttas the

B)ddha +as &!"ht .!e- the fo&e&)nne& of the #ath:#)%%an"ama>$ -h!+h "!.es d!&e+t!on and eff!+a+, to

the othe& se.en #ath fa+to&s'R!"ht .!e-$ as e(#a!ned !n the +ommenta&, to theSammad!tth! S)tta$ has a .a&!et, of as#e+ts$ %)t !t

m!"ht %est %e +ons!de&ed as t-ofod1 +on+e#t)a &!"ht.!e-$ -h!+h !s the !ntee+t)a "&as# of the #&!n+!#es

en)n+!ated !n the B)ddha@s tea+h!n"$ and e(#e&!ent!a

&!"ht .!e-$ -h!+h !s the -!sdom that a&!ses %, d!&e+t#enet&at!on of the tea+h!n"' 8on+e#t)a &!"ht .!e-$

aso +aed the &!"ht .!e- !n +onfo&m!t, -!th the t&)ths:sa++an)om!ka?sammad!tth!>$ !s a +o&&e+t +on+e#t)a

)nde&stand!n" of the Dhamma a&&!.ed at %, st)d, ofthe B)ddha@s tea+h!n"s and dee# e(am!nat!on of the!&mean!n"' S)+h )nde&stand!n"$ tho)"h +on+e#t)a

&athe& than e(#e&!ent!a$ !s not d&, and ste&!e' 2hen&ooted !n fa!th !n the T&!#e Gem and d&!.en %, a keen

as#!&at!on to &ea!ze the t&)th em%edded !n thefo&m)ated #&!n+!#es of the Dhamma$ !t se&.es as a

+&!t!+a #hase !n the de.eo#ment of -!sdom :#anna>$


14/72

fo& !t #&o.!des the "e&m o)t of -h!+h e(#e&!ent!a &!"ht.!e- "&ad)a, e.o.es'

E(#e&!ent!a &!"ht .!e- !s the #enet&at!on of the t&)thof the tea+h!n" !n one@s o-n !mmed!ate e(#e&!en+e'

Th)s !t !s aso +aed &!"ht .!e- that #enet&ates the

t&)ths :sa++a#at!.edha?sammad!tth!>' Th!s t,#e of&!"ht .!e- !s a&o)sed %, the #&a+t!+e of !ns!"ht

med!tat!on ")!ded %, a +o&&e+t +on+e#t)a)nde&stand!n" of the Dhamma' To a&&!.e at d!&e+t

#enet&at!on$ one m)st %e"!n -!th a +o&&e+t +on+e#t)a

"&as# of the tea+h!n" and t&ansfo&m that "&as# f&om!ntee+t)a +om#&ehens!on to d!&e+t #e&+e#t!on %,

+)t!.at!n" the th&eefod t&a!n!n" !n mo&a!t,$+on+ent&at!on and -!sdom' If +on+e#t)a &!"ht .!e-

.an %e +om#a&ed to a hand$ a hand that "&as#s the

t&)th %, -a, of +on+e#ts$ then e(#e&!ent!a &!"ht .!e-+an %e +om#a&ed to an e,e ?? the e,e of -!sdom that

sees d!&e+t, !nto the t&)e nat)&e of e(!sten+eo&d!na&!, h!dden f&om )s %, o)& "&eed$ a.e&s!on and

de)s!on'The D!s+o)&se on R!"ht

the #&!n+!#es that a&e to %e +om#&ehended %,

+on+e#t)a &!"ht .!e- and #enet&ated %, e(#e&!ent!a&!"ht .!e-' The


15/72

#enet&at!on' The f!&st !s the !n!t!a #enet&at!on of thes)#&am)ndane #ath that t&ansfo&ms a #e&son f&om a

-o&d!n" :#)th)**ana> !nto a st&eam?ente&e&:sota#anna>$ a no%e d!s+!#e -ho has ente&ed

!&&e.e&s!%, )#on the st&eam to !%e&at!on' Th!s as#e+t

of &!"ht .!e- !s !nd!+ated %, the -o&ds that o#en ea+hse+t!on$ :one> -ho has #e&fe+t +onf!den+e !n the

Dhamma and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma' These0)a!t!es a&e att&!%)tes on, of the st&eam?ente&e& and

those of h!"he& atta!nment aon" the #ath' The

des+&!#t!on th)s a##!es to the t&a!nee :sekha>$ thed!s+!#e -ho has ente&ed the #ath %)t has not ,et

&ea+hed !ts end' The -o&ds s!"n!f, &!"ht .!e- as at&ansfo&mat!.e .!s!on -h!+h has &e.eaed the )t!mate

t&)ths )nde&,!n" o)& e(!sten+e$ %)t -h!+h m)st st!

%e de.eo#ed f)&the& to +om#ete the f)t&ansfo&mat!on !t !s +a#a%e of effe+t!n"'

The se+ond as#e+t of s)#&am)ndane &!"ht .!e- !s!nd!+ated %, the +os!n" -o&ds of ea+h se+t!on$ f&om

he ent!&e, a%andons the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to )stto he he&e and no- makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' Th!s

des+&!#t!on !s f), a##!+a%e on, to the A&ahant$ the

!%e&ated one$ and th)s !nd!+ates that the &!"ht .!e-+on+e#t)a, "&as#ed %, the -!se -o&d!n"$ and

t&ansfo&med !nto d!&e+t #e&+e#t!on -!th the atta!nmentof st&eam?ent&,$ &ea+hes !ts +ons)mmat!on -!th the

a&&!.a at the tea+h!n"@s f!na "oa$ the atta!nment of+om#ete eman+!#at!on f&om s)ffe&!n"'

The t&ansat!on of the Sammad!tth! S)tta and !ts+ommenta&, #&esented he&e has %een ada#ted f&om

man)s+&!#ts eft %eh!nd %, Bh!kkh) Nanamo!' The

t&ansat!on of the s)tta has %een ada#ted f&om


16/72

+ommenta&, :atthakatha> to the Ma**h!ma N!ka,a' Thet&ansat!on of the +ommenta&, has aso %een ada#ted

f&om a &ende&!n" %,

t&ansat!on$ I ha.e nat)&a, &e#a+ed the te+hn!+ate&m!noo", )sed !n the note%ook .e&s!on -!th that

)sed !n the s)tta' In #a+es I aso de+!ded to t&ansated!&e+t, f&om the 9a! te(t &athe& than adhe&e to :Sammad!tth! S)tta>J' Th)s ha.e I hea&d' On one o++as!on the Bessed

One -as !.!n" at Sa.atth! !n ;eta@s G&o.e$Anatha#!nd!ka@s 9a&k' The&e the


17/72

Indeed$ f&!end$ -e -o)d +ome f&om fa& a-a, to ea&nf&om the


18/72

C' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood the)n-hoesome$ the &oot of the )n-hoesome$ the

-hoesome$ and the &oot of the -hoesome$ heent!&e, a%andons the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to )st$ he

a%o!shes the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to a.e&s!on$ he

e(t!ates the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to the .!e- and+on+e!t @I am$@ and %, a%andon!n" !"no&an+e and

a&o)s!n" t&)e kno-ed"e he he&e and no- makes anend of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e d!s+!#e !s

one of &!"ht .!e-$ -hose .!e- !s st&a!"ht$ -ho has

#e&fe+t +onf!den+e !n the Dhamma and has a&&!.ed atth!s t&)e Dhamma'

N)t&!ment' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and

&e*o!+ed !n the


19/72

tenden+, to "&eed$ he a%o!shes the )nde&,!n"tenden+, to a.e&s!on$ he e(t!ates the )nde&,!n"

tenden+, to the .!e- and +on+e!t @I am$@ and %,a%andon!n" !"no&an+e and a&o)s!n" t&)e kno-ed"e he

he&e and no- makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a,

too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of &!"ht .!e-$ -hose .!e- !sst&a!"ht$ -ho has #e&fe+t +onf!den+e !n the Dhamma

and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'The o)& No%e T&)ths

JP' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and

&e*o!+ed !n the


20/72

s)ffe&!n"$ and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on ofs)ffe&!n" ' ' ' he he&e and no- makes an end of

s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of&!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'

A"!n" and Death

F' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and&e*o!+ed !n the


21/72

&e*o!+ed !n the


22/72


23/72

of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)eDhamma4 ?? The&e m!"ht %e$ f&!ends'

P' 2hen$ f&!ends$ a no%e d!s+!#e )nde&stands+&a.!n"$ the o&!"!n of +&a.!n"$ the +essat!on of +&a.!n"$

and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of +&a.!n"$ !n

that -a, he !s one of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed atth!s t&)e Dhamma'

PC' And -hat !s +&a.!n"$ -hat !s the o&!"!n of +&a.!n"$-hat !s the +essat!on of +&a.!n"$ -hat !s the -a,

ead!n" to the +essat!on of +&a.!n"4 The&e a&e these

s!( +asses of +&a.!n"1 +&a.!n" fo& fo&ms$ +&a.!n" fo&so)nds$ +&a.!n" fo& odo&s$ +&a.!n" fo& fa.o&s$ +&a.!n"

fo& tan"!%es$ +&a.!n" fo& m!nd?o%*e+ts' 2!th thea&!s!n" of fee!n" the&e !s the a&!s!n" of +&a.!n"' 2!th

the +essat!on of fee!n" the&e !s the +essat!on of

+&a.!n"' The -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of +&a.!n" !s*)st th!s No%e E!"htfod 9ath5 that !s$ &!"ht .!e- ' ' '

&!"ht +on+ent&at!on'P' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood

+&a.!n"$ the o&!"!n of +&a.!n"$ the +essat!on of +&a.!n"$and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of +&a.!n" ' ' ' he

he&e and no- makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a,

too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and hasa&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'

ee!n"' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and

&e*o!+ed !n the


24/72

+essat!on of +onta+t the&e !s the +essat!on of fee!n"'The -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of fee!n" !s *)st th!s

No%e E!"htfod 9ath5 that !s$ &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' &!"ht+on+ent&at!on'

P' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood

fee!n"$ the o&!"!n of fee!n"$ the +essat!on of fee!n"$and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of fee!n" ' ' ' he

he&e and no- makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a,too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has

a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'

8onta+t' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and

&e*o!+ed !n the


25/72

of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)eDhamma4 ?? The&e m!"ht %e$ f&!ends'

' 2hen$ f&!ends$ a no%e d!s+!#e )nde&stands thes!(fod %ase$ the o&!"!n of the s!(fod %ase$ the

+essat!on of the s!(fod %ase$ and the -a, ead!n" to

the +essat!on of the s!(fod %ase$ he !s one of &!"ht.!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'

L' And -hat !s the s!(fod %ase$ -hat !s the o&!"!n ofthe s!(fod %ase$ -hat !s the +essat!on of the s!(fod

%ase$ -hat !s the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of the

s!(fod %ase4 The&e a&e these s!( %ases1 the e,e?%ase$the ea&?%ase$ the nose?%ase$ the ton")e?%ase$ the

%od,?%ase$ the m!nd?%ase' 2!th the a&!s!n" ofmenta!t,?mate&!a!t, the&e !s the a&!s!n" of the s!(fod

%ase' 2!th the +essat!on of menta!t,?mate&!a!t, the&e

!s the +essat!on of the s!(fod %ase' The -a, ead!n" tothe +essat!on of the s!(fod %ase !s *)st th!s No%e

E!"htfod 9ath5 that !s$ &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' &!"ht+on+ent&at!on'

LJ' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood thes!(fod %ase$ the o&!"!n of the s!(fod %ase$ the

+essat!on of the s!(fod %ase$ and the -a, ead!n" to

the +essat!on of the s!(fod %ase ' ' ' he he&e and no-makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e

d!s+!#e !s one of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!st&)e Dhamma'

Menta!t,?Mate&!a!t,LF' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and&e*o!+ed !n the


26/72

menta!t,' The fo)& "&eat eements and the mate&!afo&m de&!.ed f&om the fo)& "&eat eements ?? these a&e

+aed mate&!a!t,' So th!s menta!t, and th!smate&!a!t, a&e -hat !s +aed menta!t,?mate&!a!t,'

2!th the a&!s!n" of +ons+!o)sness the&e !s the a&!s!n"

of menta!t,?mate&!a!t,' 2!th the +essat!on of+ons+!o)sness the&e !s the +essat!on of menta!t,?

mate&!a!t,' The -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on ofmenta!t,?mate&!a!t, !s *)st th!s No%e E!"htfod 9ath5

that !s$ &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' &!"ht +on+ent&at!on'

LL' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stoodmenta!t,?mate&!a!t,$ the o&!"!n of menta!t,?

mate&!a!t,$ the +essat!on of menta!t,?mate&!a!t,$ andthe -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of menta!t,?

mate&!a!t, ' ' ' he he&e and no- makes an end of

s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of&!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'

8ons+!o)snessL' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and

&e*o!+ed !n the


27/72

+essat!on of +ons+!o)sness ' ' ' he he&e and no-makes an end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e

d!s+!#e !s one of &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!st&)e Dhamma'

o&mat!ons

' Sa,!n"$ Good f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and&e*o!+ed !n the


28/72

' And -hat !s !"no&an+e$ -hat !s the o&!"!n of!"no&an+e$ -hat !s the +essat!on of !"no&an+e$ -hat !s

the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of !"no&an+e4 Notkno-!n" a%o)t s)ffe&!n"$ not kno-!n" a%o)t the o&!"!n

of s)ffe&!n"$ not kno-!n" a%o)t the +essat!on of

s)ffe&!n"$ not kno-!n" a%o)t the -a, ead!n" to the+essat!on of s)ffe&!n" ?? th!s !s +aed !"no&an+e' 2!th

the a&!s!n" of the ta!nts the&e !s the a&!s!n" of!"no&an+e' 2!th the +essat!on of the ta!nts the&e !s the

+essat!on of !"no&an+e' The -a, ead!n" to the

+essat!on of !"no&an+e !s *)st th!s No%e E!"htfod9ath5 that !s$ &!"ht .!e- ' ' ' &!"ht +on+ent&at!on'

' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood!"no&an+e$ the o&!"!n of !"no&an+e$ the +essat!on of

!"no&an+e$ and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of

!"no&an+e ' ' ' he he&e and no- makes an end ofs)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e d!s+!#e !s one of

&!"ht .!e- ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma'Ta!nts

C' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ the %h!kkh)s de!"hted and&e*o!+ed !n the


29/72

J' 2hen a no%e d!s+!#e has th)s )nde&stood theta!nts$ the o&!"!n of the ta!nts$ the +essat!on of the

ta!nts$ and the -a, ead!n" to the +essat!on of theta!nts$ he ent!&e, a%andons the )nde&,!n" tenden+,

to )st$ he a%o!shes the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to

a.e&s!on$ he e(t!ates the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to the.!e- and +on+e!t @I am$@ and %, a%andon!n" !"no&an+e

and a&o)s!n" t&)e kno-ed"e he he&e and no- makesan end of s)ffe&!n"' In that -a, too a no%e d!s+!#e !s

one of &!"ht .!e-$ -hose .!e- !s st&a!"ht$ -ho has

#e&fe+t +onf!den+e !n the Dhamma and has a&&!.ed atth!s t&)e Dhamma'

That !s -hat the

.!e- ' ' ' 4 o& And -hat$ f&!ends$ !s the )n-hoesome

' ' ' 4 ?? these a&e 0)est!ons sho-!n" a des!&e toe(#o)nd' He&e!n$ s!n+e those -ho kno-$ those -ho do

not kno-$ those o)ts!de the D!s#ensat!on$ those -!th!n!t$ those -ho s#eak %, hea&sa,$ et+'$ and those -ho

s#eak %, #e&sona kno-ed"e$ sa, one of &!"ht .!e-$the&efo&e$ tak!n" !t as an e(#&ess!on :+ommon> to theman,$ he to)+hed )#on !t t-!+e$ sa,!n" One of &!"ht

.!e-$ one of &!"ht .!e- !s sa!d$ f&!ends :sammad!tth!sammad!tth! t! a.)so .)++at!>' The !ntent!on he&e !s

th!s1 Othe&s sa, @one of &!"ht .!e-$@ and st! othe&s

sa, @one of &!"ht .!e-'@ S!n+e that !s sa!d$ !n -hat -a,$f&!ends$ !s a no%e d!s+!#e one of &!"ht .!e- !n &es#e+t

of mean!n" and +ha&a+te&!st!+4 He&e!n$ one of &!"ht.!e- !s one #ossess!n" a )+!d and #&a!se-o&th, .!e-

:so%hana,a #asattha,a +a d!tth!,a samanna"ato>' B)t-hen th!s -o&d &!"ht .!e- !s )sed to s!"n!f, a state:&athe& than a #e&son endo-ed -!th that state>$ !t

then means a )+!d and #&a!se-o&th, .!e-'JTh!s &!"ht .!e- !s t-ofod1 m)ndane :ok!,a> and

s)#&am)ndane :ok)tta&a>' He&e!n$ the kno-ed"e ofkamma as one@s o-n and kno-ed"e -h!+h !s !n

+onfo&m!t, -!th the :o)& No%e> T&)ths a&e m)ndane


30/72

&!"ht .!e-5 o&$ !n %&!ef$ :m)ndane &!"ht .!e- !s> a)nde&stand!n" that !s a++om#an!ed %, the ta!nts'F

Unde&stand!n" +onne+ted -!th the no%e #aths andf&)!ts !s s)#&am)ndane &!"ht .!e-'P The #e&son

#ossess!n" &!"ht .!e- !s of th&ee k!nds1 the -o&d!n"

:#)th)**ana>$ the d!s+!#e !n h!"he& t&a!n!n" :sekha>$and the one %e,ond t&a!n!n" :asekha>' He&e!n$ the

-o&d!n" !s of t-o k!nds1 one o)ts!de the D!s#ensat!onand one -!th!n the D!s#ensat!on' He&e!n$ one o)ts!de

the D!s#ensat!on -ho %e!e.es !n kamma !s one of

&!"ht .!e- on a++o)nt of the .!e- of kamma as one@so-n$ %)t not on a++o)nt of that -h!+h !s !n +onfo&m!t,

-!th the t&)ths$ %e+a)se he hods to the .!e- of sef'One -!th!n the D!s#ensat!on !s of &!"ht .!e- on

a++o)nt of %oth' The d!s+!#e !n h!"he& t&a!n!n" !s one

of &!"ht .!e- on a++o)nt of f!(ed &!"ht .!e-$ the one%e,ond t&a!n!n" on a++o)nt of :the &!"ht .!e-> that !s

%e,ond t&a!n!n"'LB)t he&e one of &!"ht .!e- !s !ntended as one

#ossess!n" s)#&am)ndane -hoesome &!"ht .!e-$-h!+h !s f!(ed !n dest!n, and eman+!#at!n"' Hen+e he

sa!d1 -hose .!e- !s st&a!"ht$ -ho has #e&fe+t

+onf!den+e !n the Dhamma$ and has a&&!.ed at th!st&)e Dhamma :)*)"ata@ssa d!tth! dhamme

a.e++a##asadena samanna"ato a"ato !mamsaddhammam>' Be+a)se of !ts "o!n" st&a!"ht -!tho)t

de.!at!n" to e!the& e(t&eme$ o& %e+a)se of !ts "o!n"st&a!"ht %, &emo.!n" a +&ookedness s)+h as %od!,+&ookedness$ et+'$ s)#&am)ndane &!"ht .!e- !s

st&a!"ht' One #ossess!n" that .!e- aso #ossesses#e&fe+t +onf!den+e$ )nshaka%e +onf!den+e$ !n the

n!nefod s)#&am)ndane Dhamma' And %, %e+om!n"

d!sentan"ed f&om a the th!+kets of :-&on"> .!e-s$ %,a%andon!n" a the def!ements$ %, de#a&t!n" f&om the

&o)nd of &e%!&ths$ %, %&!n"!n" the #&a+t!+e to !ts+ons)mmat!on$ he !s sa!d to ha.e +ome %, the no%e

#ath to th!s t&)e Dhamma #&o+a!med %, theEn!"htened One$ that !s$ N!%%ana$ the #)n"e !nto theDeathess'

The 2hoesome and the Un-hoesomeP' Unde&stands the )n-hoesome :ak)saan +a

#a*anat!>1 he )nde&stands the )n-hoesome +aed theten +o)&ses of )n-hoesome kamma :a+t!on>$

#enet&at!n" th!s %, -a, of f)n+t!on -!th the


31/72

)nde&stand!n" that has N!%%ana as !ts o%*e+t as Th!s!s s)ffe&!n"' :Unde&stands> the &oot of the

)n-hoesome :ak)saam)an +a #a*anat!>1 And he)nde&stands the )n-hoesome &oot -h!+h has %e+ome

the &oot +ond!t!on of that :)n-hoesome>$ #enet&at!n"

th!s$ !n the same -a,$ as Th!s !s the o&!"!n ofs)ffe&!n"' The same method a##!es he&e aso !n

&e"a&d to the -hoesome and the &oot of the-hoesome' And$ as !t !s he&e$ so !n a the foo-!n"

se+t!ons$ the )nde&stand!n" of the s)%*e+t sho)d %e

)nde&stood %, -a, of f)n+t!on'In that -a, :etta.ata #!>1 %, th!s m)+h5 %, th!s

)nde&stand!n" of the )n-hoesome$ et+' He !s one of&!"ht .!e- :sammad!tth! hot!>1 he #ossesses

s)#&am)ndane &!"ht .!e- of the k!nd afo&esa!d' 2hose

.!e- !s st&a!"ht ' ' ' and has a&&!.ed at th!s t&)eDhamma1 At th!s #o!nt the s)mma&, .e&s!on of the

tea+h!n" has %een e(#o)nded' And th!s :#a&t of> thetea+h!n" !tsef -as %&!ef5 %)t fo& those %h!kkh)s !t

sho)d %e )nde&stood that the #enet&at!on :of themean!n"> th&o)"h &!"ht attent!on o++)&&ed !n deta!'

B)t !n the se+ond se+t!on :Se+t!on > !t sho)d %e

)nde&stood that the tea+h!n" too$ as -e as the#enet&at!on th&o)"h attent!on$ !s stated !n deta!'

He&e!n$ the %h!kkh)s at the +o)n+! at the G&eatMonaste&, hed to &ehea&se the 9!takas sa!d1 In the

%&!ef e(#os!t!on the t-o o-e& #aths a&e d!s+)ssed$ !nthe deta!ed e(#os!t!on the t-o h!"he& #aths$ tak!n"!nto a++o)nt the #assa"e at the end of the se+t!ons

sett!n" fo&th the deta!ed e(#os!t!on that %e"!ns heent!&e, a%andons the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to )st'

B)t the Ede& :#&es!d!n" o.e& the +o)n+!> sa!d1 In the

%&!ef e(#os!t!on the fo)& #aths a&e e(#o)nded as a"&o)#$ and aso !n the deta!ed e(#os!t!on'

Th!s 0)e&, !nto the %&!ef and deta!ed e(#os!t!ons-h!+h has %een +ea&ed )# he&e sho)d %e )nde&stood

!n a the foo-!n" se+t!ons !n the -a, stated he&e'&om he&e on -e sha on, +omment on te&ms thata&e ne- o& o%s+)&e'

The Un-hoesome 8o)&ses of A+t!on' He&e!n$ f!&st,$ !n the deta!ed e(#os!t!on of the f!&st

se+t!on1 as &e"a&ds the #assa"e %e"!nn!n" k!!n" !.!n"%e!n"s !s )n-hoesome :#anat!#ato kho a.)so

ak)saam>$ )n-hoesome sho)d %e )nde&stood %,


32/72

-a, of the o++)&&en+e of )n-hoesomeness$ o& as-hat !s o##osed to the -hoesome$ -h!+h !s to %e

deat -!th %eo- :Se+t!on >' As to +ha&a+te&!st!+$ !t !s%ame-o&th, and has #a!nf) &es)t$ o& !t !s def!ed'

Th!s$ !n the f!&st #a+e$ !s the +omment )#on the

"ene&a te&ms he&e'B)t as &e"a&ds the #a&t!+)a& te&ms$ the #h&ase k!!n"

!.!n" %e!n"s means the sa)"hte& of a !.!n" %e!n"$ thedest&)+t!on of a !.!n" %e!n"' And he&e a !.!n" %e!n"

:#ana> !s$ a++o&d!n" to o&d!na&, )sa"e$ a %e!n"

:satta>5 !n the )t!mate sense !t !s the !fe fa+)t,'K!!n" !.!n" %e!n"s !s the .o!t!on to k! on the #a&t

of one -ho !s a-a&e$ !n &es#e+t of a !.!n" %e!n"$ that!t !s a !.!n" %e!n"$ and -h!+h :.o!t!on>$ man!fest!n"

!tsef th&o)"h one o& the othe& of the doo&s of %od,

and s#ee+h$ !n!t!ates a+t!.!t, &es)t!n" !n the +)tt!n"off of the !fe fa+)t,'

In &eat!on to %e!n"s s)+h as an!mas$ et+'$ -h!+h a+kmo&a 0)a!t!es :")na>$ !t !s ess %ame-o&th, !n

&es#e+t of sma !.!n" %e!n"s and mo&e %ame-o&th,!n &es#e+t of %e!n"s -!th a&"e %od!es' 2h,4 Be+a)se

of the ma"n!t)de of the effo&t !n.o.ed' And -hen the

effo&t !n.o.ed !s e0)a$ %e+a)se of the ma"n!t)de ofthe o%*e+t :the %e!n" k!ed>' In &eat!on to %e!n"s s)+h

as h)mans$ et+'$ -ho #ossess mo&a 0)a!t!es$ !t !s ess%ame-o&th, !n &es#e+t of %e!n"s -!th fe- "ood

0)a!t!es and mo&e %ame-o&th, !n &es#e+t of %e!n"s-!th "&eat 0)a!t!es' 2hen the s!ze of the %od, andmo&a 0)a!t!es a&e e0)a$ ho-e.e&$ !t !s ess

%ame-o&th, -hen the def!ements and a+t!.!t, a&em!d$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen the, a&e st&on"1 so

!t sho)d %e )nde&stood'

The&e a&e f!.e +onst!t)ents fo& th!s :a+t of k!!n" a!.!n" %e!n">1 a !.!n" %e!n"$ a-a&eness that !t !s a

!.!n" %e!n"$ the m!nd to k!$ a+t!.!t,$ and the death:of the %e!n"> the&e%,'

The&e a&e s!( means1 one@s o-n #e&son$ +ommand$ am!ss!e$ a f!(ed +ont&!.an+e$ a ma"!+a s#e$s)#e&no&ma #o-e&'

To e(#o&e th!s matte& !n deta!$ ho-e.e&$ -o)d!n.o.e too m)+h d!ff)seness' The&efo&e -e sha not

e(#o&e !t !n deta!$ o& an, othe& s)%*e+t s!m!a& !nk!nd' Those -ho -!sh to "o !nto the matte& ma, do so


33/72

%, ook!n" !t )# !n the Samanta#asad!ka$ the !s ess %ame-o&th,

-hen the othe&@s #&o#e&t, !s of o- .a)e$ and mo&e%ame-o&th, -hen !t !s of h!"h .a)e' 2h,4 Be+a)se

of the h!"h .a)e of the o%*e+t :stoen>' 2hen the

.a)e of the o%*e+ts !s e0)a$ the a+t !s mo&e%ame-o&th, -hen the o%*e+t %eon"s to one of

o)tstand!n" 0)a!t!es$ and ess %ame-o&th, -hen theo%*e+t %eon"s to one -ho$ !n +om#a&!son$ !s !nfe&!o&

-!th &es#e+t to mo&a 0)a!t!es'The&e a&e f!.e +onst!t)ents of th!s a+t1 anothe&@s

#ossess!on$ a-a&eness that !t !s anothe&@s #ossess!on$

the m!nd to stea$ the a+t!.!t,$ and the +a&&,!n" off :ofthe o%*e+t> the&e%,'

The&e a&e s!( means1 one@s o-n #e&son$ et+' :as fo&k!!n">'

And these :a+ts of stea!n"> ma, %e +assed$ a++o&d!n"to the -a, !n -h!+h the, o++)&$ %, -a, of thefoo-!n"1 tak!n" %, theft$ %, fo&+e$ %, +on+eament$

%, st&ata"em$ %, f&a)d' Th!s he&e !s !n %&!ef5 thedeta!s$ ho-e.e&$ a&e "!.en !n the Samanta#asad!ka'

M!s+ond)+t !n sens)a #eas)&es :kames) m!++ha+a&a>1he&e$ !n sens)a #eas)&es :kames)> means !n

&e"a&d to se()a !nte&+o)&se' M!s+ond)+t !s ent!&e,&e#&ehens!%e .!e +ond)+t' As to +ha&a+te&!st!+$ se()a

m!s+ond)+t !s the .o!t!on to t&ans"&ess %o)ndso++)&&!n" th&o)"h the %od, doo& %, -a, of)n&!"hteo)s !ntent'

He&e!n$ o)t of %o)nds fo& men$ f!&st,$ a&e the t-ent,k!nds of -omen$ that !s$ the ten %e"!nn!n" -!th those

#&ote+ted %, the mothe&$ name,$ #&ote+ted %, themothe&$ #&ote+ted %, the fathe&$ #&ote+ted %, the

mothe& and fathe&$ #&ote+ted %, the %&othe&$


34/72

#&ote+ted %, the s!ste&$ #&ote+ted %, &eat!.es$#&ote+ted %, the +an$ #&ote+ted %, the a-$ )nde&

#&ote+t!on$ enta!!n" a #enat,5 and the ten %e"!nn!n"-!th those #)&+hased -!th mone,$ name,$ one

#)&+hased -!th mone,$ one -ho !.es :-!th a man> %,

he& o-n des!&e$ one -ho !.es :-!th a man> ona++o)nt of -eath$ one -ho !.es :-!th a man> on

a++o)nt of +oth$ one -ho !s "!.en :!n ma&&!a"e -!ththe +e&emon, of> d!##!n" the hand !n -ate&$ one -ho

has %een :taken to -!fe and> &e!e.ed of he& %)&den?

+a&&,!n" head?#ad$ one -ho !s a sa.e and a -!fe$ one-ho !s a se&.ant and a -!fe$ one -ho !s +a&&!ed off !n a

&a!d$ one en"a"ed at so m)+h a t!me'JThen$ as +on+e&ns -omen$ fo& the t-e.e k!nds of

-omen +ons!st!n" of the t-o$ name,$ )nde&

#&ote+t!on and enta!!n" a #enat,$ and the ten%e"!nn!n" -!th those #)&+hased -!th mone,$ othe&

men a&e o)t of %o)nds'Th!s se()a m!s+ond)+t !s ess %ame-o&th, -hen :the

#e&son> o)t of %o)nds !s -!tho)t "ood 0)a!t!es s)+has .!&t)e$ et+'$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen :the

#e&son> #ossesses "ood 0)a!t!es s)+h as .!&t)e$ et+'

The&e a&e fo)& +onst!t)ents of th!s a+t1 an o%*e+t -h!+h!s o)t of %o)nds$ the m!nd to en"a"e !n that$ the effo&t

to en"a"e$ and +onsent to the )n!on of se()a o&"ans'JJ The means !s s!n"e1 one@s o-n #e&son'

ase s#ee+h :m)sa.ada>1 fase :m)sa> !s the .e&%aeffo&t o& %od!, effo&t fo& dest&o,!n" -efa&e :made> %,one %ent on de+e!.!n"' ase s#ee+h !s the .o!t!on

!n!t!at!n" the .e&%a effo&t o& %od!, effo&t of de+e!.!n"anothe& on the #a&t of one !ntent on de+e!.!n"'

A++o&d!n" to anothe& method$ fase means an

)n&ea$ )nt&)e +ase$ s#ee+h the +omm)n!+at!on ofthat as %e!n" &ea$ t&)e' As to +ha&a+te&!st!+$ fase

s#ee+h !s the .o!t!on of one des!&!n" to +omm)n!+ateto anothe& an )nt&)e +ase as %e!n" t&)e$ -h!+h

:.o!t!on> !n!t!ates s)+h an a+t of +omm)n!+at!on'Th!s !s ess %ame-o&th, -hen the -efa&e dest&o,ed!s s!"ht$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen the -efa&e

dest&o,ed !s "&eat' )&the&$ -hen !t o++)&s on the #a&tof ho)sehode&s -ho$ not -!sh!n" to "!.e a-a, some

%eon"!n" of the!&s$ sa, I do not ha.e !t$ !t !s ess%ame-o&th,5 -hen one -ho !s a -!tness s#eaks

:fase,> fo& the #)ose of dest&o,!n" anothe&@s


35/72

-efa&e$ !t !s mo&e %ame-o&th,' In the +ase of those"one fo&th$ -hen !t o++)&s %, the!& sa,!n" as a *oke$

afte& the, ha.e o%ta!ned *)st a !tte o! o& "hee$ !n themanne& of the 9)&anas$ Toda, the o! !s fo-!n" !n the

.!a"e *)st !ke a &!.e&$ then !t !s ess %ame-o&th,5

%)t fo& those -ho s#eak :as a -!tness> sa,!n" thatthe, ha.e seen -hat the, ha.e not seen !t !s mo&e

%ame-o&th,'The&e a&e fo)& +onst!t)ents of th!s a+t1 an )nt&)e +ase$

the m!nd to de+e!.e$ the a##&o#&!ate effo&t$ the

+omm)n!+at!n" of that mean!n" to anothe&' Themeans !s s!n"e1 one@s o-n #e&son on,' That !s to %e

&e"a&ded as the #e&fo&m!n" of the a+t!on of de+e!.!n"anothe& %, means of the %od, o& %, means of

someth!n" atta+hed to the %od, o& %, means of

s#ee+h' If$ th&o)"h that a+t!on$ the othe& )nde&standsthat mean!n"$ one !s %o)nd %, the kamma of fase

s#ee+h at the .e&, moment of the .o!t!on !n!t!at!n"the a+t!on'

Ma!+!o)s s#ee+h$ et+'1 The k!nd of s#ee+h that +&eates!n the hea&t of the #e&son to -hom !t !s s#oken

affe+t!on fo& onesef and .o!dness :of affe+t!on> fo&

anothe& !s ma!+!o)s s#ee+h :#!s)na .a+a>' The k!nd ofs#ee+h %, -h!+h one makes %oth onesef and anothe&

ha&sh$ the k!nd of s#ee+h -h!+h !s aso !tsef ha&sh$%e!n" #easant ne!the& to the ea& no& to the hea&t ??

that !s ha&sh s#ee+h :#ha&)sa .a+a>' That %, -h!+hone "oss!#s !d,$ -!tho)t mean!n"$ !s "oss!#:sam#ha##aa#a>' Aso$ the .o!t!on that !s the &oot

+a)se of these "a!ns the name ma!+!o)s s#ee+h$et+' And that on, !s !ntended he&e'

The&e!n$ ma!+!o)s s#ee+h !s the .o!t!on of one -!th a

def!ed m!nd$ -h!+h :.o!t!on> !n!t!ates an effo&t %,%od, o& %, s#ee+h e!the& to +a)se d!.!s!on amon"

othe&s o& to endea& onesef :to anothe&>' It !s ess%ame-o&th, -hen the #e&son d!.!ded has fe- "ood

0)a!t!es$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen s)+h a one has"&eat 0)a!t!es' Its +onst!t)ents a&e fo)&1 anothee&son to %e d!.!ded$ the !ntent!on to d!.!de$

:th!nk!n"> Th)s these -! %e se#a&ated and s#!t o&the des!&e to endea& onesef$ :th!nk!n"> Th)s I sha

%e+ome o.ed and !nt!mate$ the a##&o#&!ate effo&t$the +omm)n!+at!n" of that mean!n" to that #e&son'


36/72

Ha&sh s#ee+h !s the ent!&e, ha&sh .o!t!on !n!t!at!n" aneffo&t %, %od, o& %, s#ee+h to -o)nd anothe&@s .!ta

fee!n"s' Th!s !s an e(am#e "!.en fo& the #)ose ofmak!n" !t +ea&1 A .!a"e %o,$ !t !s sa!d$ -ent to the

fo&est -!tho)t heed!n" h!s mothe&@s -o&ds' Una%e to

make h!m t)&n %a+k$ she s+oded h!m an"&!,$ sa,!n"1Ma, a -!d %)ffao +hase ,o) Then a %)ffao

a##ea&ed %efo&e h!m &!"ht the&e !n the fo&est' The %o,made an asse.e&at!on of t&)th$ sa,!n"1 =et !t not %e

as m, mothe& sa!d %)t as she tho)"ht The %)ffao

stood as tho)"h t!ed the&e' Th)s$ atho)"h the means:em#o,ed> -as that of -o)nd!n" the .!ta fee!n"s$

%e+a)se of the "enteness of he& m!nd !t -as not ha&shs#ee+h' o& somet!mes #a&ents e.en sa, to the!&

+h!d&en$ Ma, &o%%e&s +ho# ,o) to #!e+es ,et the,

do not e.en -!sh a ot)s eaf to fa )#on them' Andtea+he&s and #&e+e#to&s somet!mes sa, to the!& #)#!s$

2hat !s the )se of these shameess and heedess%&ats4 D&!.e them o)t ,et the, -!sh fo& the!& s)++ess

!n ea&n!n" and atta!nment';)st as$ th&o)"h "enteness of m!nd$ s#ee+h !s not

ha&sh$ so th&o)"h "enteness of s#ee+h$ s#ee+h does

not %e+ome )nha&sh5 fo& the -o&ds =et h!m see# !n#ea+e s#oken %, one -!sh!n" to k! a&e not )nha&sh

s#ee+h' B)t ha&sh s#ee+h !s s)+h on a++o)nt ofha&shness of m!nd on,' It !s ess %ame-o&th, -hen

the #e&son to -hom !t !s s#oken has fe- "ood0)a!t!es$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen s)+h a one has"&eat 0)a!t!es' Its +onst!t)ents a&e th&ee1 anothe& to

%e a%)sed$ an an"&, m!nd$ the a%)s!n"'Goss!# !s the )n-hoesome .o!t!on !n!t!at!n" an effo&t

%, %od, o& %, s#ee+h to +omm)n!+ate -hat !s

#)oseess' It !s ess %ame-o&th, -hen !nd)"ed !nm!d,$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen !nd)"ed !n

st&on",' Its +onst!t)ents a&e t-o1 the %e!n" !ntent on#)oseess sto&!es s)+h as the Bha&ata -a& o& the

a%d)+t!on of S!ta$ et+'$ and the te!n" of s)+h sto&!es'JF8o.eto)sness :a%h!**ha>1 It +o.ets$ th)s !t !s

+o.eto)sness5 ha.!n" %e+ome d!&e+ted to-a&dsothe&s@ "oods$ !t o++)&s th&o)"h !n+!nat!on to-a&ds

them !s the mean!n"' It has the +ha&a+te&!st!+ of+o.et!n" othe&s@ "oods th)s1 Oh$ that th!s -e&e

m!ne It !s ess %ame-o&th, and mo&e %ame-o&th,


37/72

as !n the +ase of tak!n" -hat !s not "!.en' Its+onst!t)ents a&e t-o1 anothe&@s "oods$ and the

!n+!nat!on fo& them to %e one@s o-n' o& e.en tho)"h"&eed has a&!sen %ased on anothe&@s "oods$ !t !s not

+assed as a :+om#eted> +o)&se of kamma so on" as

one does not !n+!ne to them as one@s o-n :-!th thetho)"ht>$ Oh$ that th!s -e&e m!ne

I -! :%,a#ada>1 It !n*)&es -efa&e and ha##!ness$th)s !t !s ! -! :h!tas)kham %,a#ada,at! t! %,a#ado>'

Its +ha&a+te&!st!+ !s the menta defe+t :of -!sh!n" fo&>

the dest&)+t!on of othe&s' It !s ess %ame-o&th, andmo&e %ame-o&th, as !n the +ase of ha&sh s#ee+h' Its

+onst!t)ents a&e t-o1 anothe& %e!n"$ and the -!sh fo&that %e!n"@s dest&)+t!on' o& e.en tho)"h an"e& has

a&!sen %ased on anothe& %e!n"$ the&e !s no %&ea+h of a

+o)&se of kamma so on" as one does not -!sh$ Oh$that th!s %e!n" m!"ht %e +)t off and dest&o,ed

2&on" .!e- :m!++had!tth!>1 It sees -&on", d)e to thea%sen+e of a +o&&e+t "&as# of th!n"s$ th)s !t !s -&on"

.!e-' Its +ha&a+te&!st!+ !s the m!staken .!e- thatthe&e !s no :&es)t f&om> "!.!n"$ et+' It !s ess

%ame-o&th, and mo&e %ame-o&th, as !n the +ase of

"oss!#' Mo&eo.e&$ !t !s ess %ame-o&th, -hen notf!(ed !n dest!n,$ and mo&e %ame-o&th, -hen f!(ed'

JP Its +onst!t)ents a&e t-o1 a m!staken manne& of"&as#!n" the %as!s :fo& the .!e->$ and the a##ea&an+e

of that :%as!s> !n a++o&dan+e -!th the manne& !n -h!+h!t has %een "&as#ed'No- the e(#os!t!on of these ten +o)&ses of

)n-hoesome kamma sho)d %e )nde&stood !n f!.e-a,s1 as to menta state :dhammato>$ as to +ate"o&,

:kotthasato>$ as to o%*e+t :a&ammanato>$ as to fee!n"

:.edanato>$ and as to &oot :m)ato>'He&e!n$ as to menta state1 The f!&st se.en amon"

these a&e .o!t!ona states on,' The th&ee %e"!nn!n"-!th +o.eto)sness a&e asso+!ated -!th .o!t!on'J

As to +ate"o&,1 The e!"ht +ons!st!n" of the f!&st se.enand -&on" .!e- a&e +o)&ses of kamma on,$ not &oots'8o.eto)sness and ! -! a&e +o)&ses of kamma and

aso &oots5 fo& +o.eto)sness$ ha.!n" a&&!.ed at the:state of> a &oot$ !s the )n-hoesome &oot "&eed$ and

! -! !s the )n-hoesome &oot hate'As to o%*e+t1 K!!n" !.!n" %e!n"s$ %e+a)se !t has the

!fe fa+)t, as o%*e+t$ has a fo&mat!on as o%*e+t' Tak!n"


38/72

-hat !s not "!.en has %e!n"s as o%*e+t o& fo&mat!onsas o%*e+t' M!s+ond)+t !n sens)a #eas)&es has

fo&mat!ons as o%*e+t %, -a, of tan"!%e o%*e+t5 %)tsome sa, !t aso has %e!n"s as o%*e+t' ase s#ee+h

has %e!n"s o& fo&mat!ons as o%*e+t5 !ke-!se ma!+!o)s

s#ee+h' Ha&sh s#ee+h has on, %e!n"s as o%*e+t'Goss!# has e!the& %e!n"s o& fo&mat!ons as o%*e+t %,

-a, of the seen$ hea&d$ sensed and +o"n!zed5 !ke-!se+o.eto)sness' I -! has on, %e!n"s as o%*e+t' 2&on"

.!e- has fo&mat!ons as o%*e+t %, -a, of the states

%eon"!n" to the th&ee #anes :of %e!n">'As to fee!n"1 A ha.e #easant fee!n" o& ne)t&a

fee!n"' o& the&e !s no #a!nf) fee!n" -h!+h a&&!.es atthe -hoesome'

As to &oot1 The f!&st se.en +o)&ses of kamma ha.e

th&ee &oots %, -a, of non?"&eed$ non?hate$ and non?de)s!on !n one -ho a%sta!ns %, means of

+ons+!o)sness asso+!ated -!th kno-ed"e' The, ha.et-o &oots !n one -ho a%sta!ns %, means of

+ons+!o)sness d!sso+!ated f&om kno-ed"e'JL Non?+o.eto)sness has t-o &oots !n one -ho a%sta!ns %,

means of +ons+!o)sness asso+!ated -!th kno-ed"e$

one &oot :!n one -ho a%sta!ns> %, means of+ons+!o)sness d!sso+!ated f&om kno-ed"e' Non?

"&eed$ ho-e.e&$ !s not %, !tsef !ts o-n &oot' The samemethod a##!es !n the +ase of non?! -!' R!"ht .!e-

a-a,s has t-o &oots$ %, -a, of non?"&eed and non?hate' JThe 2hoesome Roots

' Non?"&eed !s a &oot of the -hoesome :ao%hok)saam)am>$ et+'1 Non?"&eed !s not "&eed5 th!s !s a

te&m fo& the state that !s o##osed to "&eed' The same

method a##!es !n the +ase of non?hate and non?de)s!on' Amon" these$ non?"&eed !s !tsef -hoesome5

and !t !s a &oot of these -hoesome :+o)&ses ofkamma> %e"!nn!n" -!th a%stent!on f&om k!!n" !.!n"

%e!n"s$ fo& some !n the sense that !t !s an asso+!atedo&!"!nat!.e +a)se and fo& some !n the sense that !t !s ade+!s!.e s)##o&t +ond!t!on' Th)s !t !s a -hoesome

&oot' The same method a##!es to the state of %e!n"-hoesome &oots !n the +ases of non?hate and non?

de)s!on'8on+)s!on on the Un-hoesome and the 2hoesome

C' No-$ s)mm!n" )# the mean!n" of a that has %een


39/72

set fo&th !n %&!ef and !n deta!$ he states the +on+)d!n"se+t!on %e"!nn!n" -!th the -o&ds -hen a no%e

d!s+!#e' He&e!n$ has th)s )nde&stood the -hoesome:e.am ak)saam #a*anat!> means1 has th)s

)nde&stood the )n-hoesome %, -a, of the ten

+o)&ses of )n-hoesome kamma as des+&!%ed' Thesame method a##!es !n the +ase of the &oot of the

)n-hoesome$ et+'U# to th!s #o!nt$ %, a s!n"e method$ eman+!#at!on as

fa& as A&ahantsh!# has %een e(#o)nded fo& one -ho

has the o)& No%e T&)ths as h!s med!tat!on s)%*e+t'Ho-4 He&e$ the ten +o)&ses of )n-hoesome kamma

-!th the e(+e#t!on of +o.eto)sness$ and the :ten>+o)&ses of -hoesome kamma$ a&e the t&)th of

s)ffe&!n"' These t-o states ?? +o.eto)sness and the

"&eed -h!+h !s a &oot of the )n-hoesome ?? a&e$!te&a, s#eak!n"$ the t&)th of the o&!"!n' S#eak!n"

f!")&at!.e,$ ho-e.e&$ a the +o)&ses of kamma a&ethe t&)th of s)ffe&!n"$ and a the -hoesome and

)n-hoesome &oots a&e the t&)th of the o&!"!n'JThe non?o++)&&en+e of %oth !s the t&)th of +essat!on'

The no%e #ath f), )nde&stand!n" s)ffe&!n"$

a%andon!n" !ts o&!"!n$ and )nde&stand!n" !ts +essat!on!s the t&)th of the #ath' Th)s t-o t&)ths a&e stated !n

the!& o-n nat)&e and t-o a&e to %e )nde&stood %, -a,of the ")!de!ne of +on.e&s!on'JC

He ent!&e, a%andons the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to )st:so sa%%aso &a"an)sa,am #aha,a>1 Unde&stand!n"th)s the )n-hoesome$ et+'$ he a%andons !n a -a,s

the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to )st' He a%o!shes the)nde&,!n" tenden+, to a.e&s!on :#at!"han)sa,am

#at!.!nodet.a>1 and he &emo.es !n a -a,s too the

)nde&,!n" tenden+, to a.e&s!on$ !s -hat !s meant' U#to th!s #o!nt the #ath of non?&et)&n !s stated'J He

e(t!ates the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to the .!e- and+on+e!t I am :asm! t! d!tth!manan)sa,am

sam)han!t.a>1 he e(t&!+ates the )nde&,!n" tenden+,to the .!e- and +on+e!t -h!+h o++)&s !n the mode of"&as#!n" the f!.e a""&e"ates as a "&o)# :-!th the

not!on> I am$ d)e to fa!)&e to d!st!n")!sh an, stateamon" them'

The&e!n$ %, the #h&ase the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to the.!e- and +on+e!t I am :d!tth!manan)sa,am> -hat !s

meant !s the )nde&,!n" tenden+, to +on+e!t -h!+h !s


40/72

s!m!a& to a .!e- :d!tth!sad!sam manan)sa,am>' o&th!s )nde&,!n" tenden+, to +on+e!t !s s!m!a& to a .!e-

%e+a)se !t o++)&s :-!th the not!on> I am5 the&efo&e !t!s stated th)s' And one -ho -!shes to )nde&stand th!s

+on+e!t I am !n deta! sho)d ook )# the Khemaka

S)tta !n the Khandh!,a.a""a :S'FF1C/!!!$JFff'>'B, a%andon!n" !"no&an+e :a.!**am #aha,a>1 ha.!n"

a%andoned !"no&an+e$ the &oot of the &o)nd :ofe(!sten+e>' And a&o)s!n" t&)e kno-ed"e :.!**am

)##adet.a>1 ha.!n" a&o)sed the t&)e kno-ed"e of the

#ath of A&ahantsh!# -h!+h +om#ete, e(t&!+ates that!"no&an+e' At th!s #o!nt the #ath of A&ahantsh!# !s

stated'F He he&e and no- makes an end ofs)ffe&!n" :[email protected] dhamme d)kkhass@antaka&o hot!>1

!n th!s .e&, e(!sten+e he %e+omes one -ho +)ts off the

s)ffe&!n" of the &o)nd'In that -a, too :etta.ata#! kho a.)so>1 he ma&ks off

:th!s f!&st #a&t of> the tea+h!n"5 %, -a, of theattent!on and #enet&at!on stated !n th!s e(#os!t!on of

the +o)&ses of kamma$ !s -hat !s meant' The &est !s asafo&esa!d' Th)s he +on+)des the e(#os!t!on %, means

of the #ath of non?&et)&n and the #ath of A&ahantsh!#'

THE OUR NUTRIMENTSGene&a

' Sa,!n"$ Good$ f&!end$ ' ' ' :et+'> ' ' ' and hasa&&!.ed at th!s t&)e Dhamma1 Th)s$ ha.!n" hea&d the

sa!d1 Bh!kkh)s$ Sa&!#)tta !s a%e to#&o#o)nd$ to tea+h$ the o)& No%e T&)ths !n deta!

:M'JJ/!!!$ FC>5 o& %e+a)se he had sa!d !n that -a,too$ %e!n" des!&o)s of "!.!n" a f)&the& e(#os!t!on$ the%h!kkh)s$ %e!n" des!&o)s of hea&!n" the tea+h!n" of

the fo)& t&)ths %, anothe& method$ asked h!m af)&the& 0)est!on' B, ask!n" B)t$ f&!end$ m!"ht the&e

%e anothe& -a,4 2o)d the&e %e anothe& +ase4 the,asked anothe& 0)est!on add!t!ona to that 0)est!on

asked and ans-e&ed :a&ead,> %, the


41/72

Sa&!#)tta h!msef' O& -hat !s meant !s that the, askeda 0)est!on s)%se0)ent to the #&e.!o)s one' Then$

ans-e&!n" them$ the Ede& sa!d$ The&e m!"ht %e$f&!ends$ and so on'

J' He&e!n$ th!s !s the e)+!dat!on of the te&ms that a&e

not +ea&' N)t&!ment :aha&a> !s a +ond!t!on :#a++a,a>'o& a +ond!t!on no)&!shes !ts o-n f&)!t$ the&efo&e !t !s

+aed n)t&!ment'FJJJ' Of %e!n"s that a&ead, ha.e +ome to %e

:%h)tanam .a sattanam>$ et+'1 He&e +ome to %e

:%h)ta> means +ome to %!&th$ &e%o&n5 seek!n" a ne-e(!sten+e :sam%ha.es!nam> means those -ho seek$

sea&+h fo&$ e(!sten+e$ %!&th$ #&od)+t!on' The&e!n$amon" the fo)& k!nds of "ene&at!on$FF %e!n"s %o&n

f&om e""s and f&om the -om% a&e sa!d to %e seek!n"

a ne- e(!sten+e as on" as the, ha.e not %&oken o)tof the e""she o& the #a+enta' 2hen the, ha.e

%&oken o)t of the e""she o& the #a+enta andeme&"ed o)ts!de$ the, a&e sa!d to ha.e +ome to %e'

The mo!st)&e?%o&n and the s#ontaneo)s, %o&n a&esa!d to %e seek!n" a ne- e(!sten+e at the f!&st

moment of +ons+!o)sness5 f&om the se+ond moment

of +ons+!o)sness on-a&ds the, a&e sa!d to ha.e +ometo %e'

O& ate&nat!.e,$ +ome to %e !s %o&n$ &e#&od)+ed5th!s !s a te&m fo& those -ho ha.e dest&o,ed the

+anke&s :A&ahants>$ -ho a&e &e+koned th)s1 The,ha.e +ome to %e on,$ %)t the, -! not +ome to %ea"a!n' Seek!n" a ne- e(!sten+e means the, seek a

ne- e(!sten+e5 th!s !s a te&m fo& -o&d!n"s andd!s+!#es !n h!"he& t&a!n!n" -ho seek a ne- e(!sten+e

!n the f)t)&e too$ %e+a)se the, ha.e not a%andoned

the fette& of %e!n"' Th)s %, these t-o te&ms he!n+)des a %e!n"s !n a -a,s'

o& the ma!ntenan+e :th!t!,a>5 fo& the #)ose ofma!nta!n!n"' o& the s)##o&t :an)""aha,a>1 fo& the

#)ose of s)##o&t!n"$ fo& the #)ose of he#!n"' Th!s!s me&e, a d!ffe&en+e of -o&ds$ %)t the mean!n" ofthe t-o te&ms !s one on,' O& ate&nat!.e,$ fo& the

ma!ntenan+e !s fo& the non?!nte&&)#t!on of th!s o& that%e!n" %, means of the se&!a +onne+t!on of a&!sen

states' o& the s)##o&t !s fo& the a&!s!n" of )na&!sen:states>' And %oth these e(#&ess!ons sho)d %e

&e"a&ded as a##!+a%e !n %oth +ases th)s1 o& the


42/72

ma!ntenan+e and s)##o&t of those that ha.e +ome to%e$ and fo& the ma!ntenan+e and s)##o&t of those

seek!n" a ne- e(!sten+e'The o)& K!nds of N)t&!ment

9h,s!+a food as n)t&!ment :!t' food made !nto a

%a> :ka%a!nka&o aha&o> !s n)t&!ment that +an %es-ao-ed afte& mak!n" !t !nto a %a5 th!s !s a te&m fo&

the n)t&!t!.e essen+e -h!+h has as !ts %as!s %o!ed &!+e$*)nket$ et+'FP G&oss o& s)%te :oa&!ko .a s)kh)mo

.a>1 !t !s "&oss %e+a)se of the "&ossness of the %as!s$

and s)%te %e+a)se of the s)%tet, of the %as!s' B)t%e+a)se #h,s!+a n)t&!ment !s !n+)ded !n s)%te

mate&!a!t,$ %, -a, of !ts !nd!.!d)a essen+e !t !s s)%teon,'F And aso that "&ossness and s)%tet, sho)d

%e )nde&stood &eat!.e, !n &es#e+t of the %as!s'

The n)t&!ment of #ea+o+ks !s s)%te +om#a&ed -!th then)t&!ment of +&o+od!es' 8&o+od!es$ the, sa,$ s-ao-

stones$ and these d!sso.e on &ea+h!n" the!& stoma+hs'9ea+o+ks eat s)+h an!mas as snakes$ s+o!ons$ et+'

B)t the n)t&!ment of h,enas !s s)%te +om#a&ed -!ththe n)t&!ment of #ea+o+ks' These$ the, sa,$ eat ho&ns

and %ones th&o-n a-a, th&ee ,ea&s %efo&e$ and these

%e+ome soft as ,ams as soon as the, a&e mo!stened-!th the!& sa!.a' Aso$ the n)t&!ment of ee#hants !s

s)%te +om#a&ed -!th the n)t&!ment of h,enas' o&these eat the %&an+hes of .a&!o)s t&ees$ et+' The

n)t&!ment of the "a,a %)ffao$ the anteo#e$ the dee&$et+'$ !s s)%te& than the n)t&!ment of ee#hants' These$the, sa,$ eat the sa#ess ea.es of .a&!o)s k!nds of

t&ees$ et+' The n)t&!ment of +o-s !s s)%te& than the!&n)t&!ment5 the, eat f&esh and d&!ed "&ass' The

n)t&!ment of ha&es !s s)%te& than the!& n)t&!ment5

that of %!&ds !s s)%te& than that of ha&es5 that of%a&%a&!ans !s s)%te& than that of %!&ds5 that of .!a"e

headmen !s s)%te& than that of %a&%a&!ans5 that ofk!n"s and k!n"s@ m!n!ste&s !s s)%te& than .!a"e

headmens@5 that of a 2hee?t)&n!n" Mona&+h !s s)%te&than the!& n)t&!ment' The ea&th de!t!es@ n)t&!ment !ss)%te& than that of a 2hee?t)&n!n" Mona&+h' The

n)t&!ment of the de!t!es of the o)& G&eat K!n"s !ss)%te& than that of the ea&th de!t!es' Th)s n)t&!ment

sho)d %e ea%o&ated )# to that of the de!t!es -ho-!ed #o-e& o.e& othe&s@ +&eat!ons'FL B)t sa,!n"$

The!& n)t&!ment !s s)%te$ the end !s &ea+hed'


43/72

And he&e$ !n a %as!s that !s "&oss$ the n)t&!t!.eessen+e !s !m!ted and -eak5 !n one that !s s)%te$ !t !s

st&on"' Th)s one -ho has d&)nk e.en a f) %o- of"&)e !s soon h)n"&, a"a!n and des!&o)s of eat!n"

an,th!n"5 %)t afte& d&!nk!n" e.en a sma amo)nt of

"hee$ he -! not -ant to eat fo& the -hoe da,'The&e!n$ !t !s the %as!s that d!s#es fat!")e$ %)t !t !s

)na%e to #&ese&.e5 %)t the n)t&!t!.e essen+e#&ese&.es$ tho)"h !t +annot d!s#e fat!")e' B)t -hen

the t-o a&e +om%!ned the, %oth d!s#e fat!")e and

#&ese&.e'8onta+t as the se+ond :#hasso d)t!,o>1 The s!(fod

+onta+t %e"!nn!n" -!th e,e?+onta+t sho)d %e)nde&stood as the se+ond of these fo)& k!nds of

n)t&!ment' And th!s !s the method of the tea+h!n"

!tsef5 the&efo&e !t sho)d not %e !n0)!&ed !nto he&e$sa,!n" o& th!s &eason !t !s the se+ond$ o& the th!&d'

Menta .o!t!on :manosan+etana>1 .o!t!on :+etana>!tsef !s stated' 8ons+!o)sness :.!nnanam>1 an, k!nd of

+ons+!o)sness -hate.e&'It ma, %e asked he&e1 If the mean!n" of +ond!t!on !s

the mean!n" of n)t&!ment$ then$ -hen othe& +ond!t!ons

aso e(!st fo& %e!n"s$ -h, a&e on, these fo)& stated4It sho)d %e sa!d !n &e#,1 It !s %e+a)se the, a&e the

s#e+!a +ond!t!ons fo& #e&sona +ont!n)!t,' o& #h,s!+an)t&!ment !s the s#e+!a +ond!t!on fo& the mate&!a %od,

of %e!n"s that eat #h,s!+a n)t&!ment5 as &e"a&ds the"&o)# of menta +onst!t)ents$ +onta+t !s :the s#e+!a+ond!t!on> fo& fee!n"$ menta .o!t!on fo&

+ons+!o)sness$ and +ons+!o)sness fo& menta!t,?mate&!a!t,' As !t !s sa!d1 ;)st as$ %h!kkh)s$ th!s %od,

has n)t&!ment fo& !ts ma!ntenan+e$ !s ma!nta!ned !n

de#enden+e on n)t&!ment$ and -!tho)t n)t&!ment !snot ma!nta!ned :S'1F/.$>5 and !ke-!se1 2!th

+onta+t as +ond!t!on$ fee!n"5 ' ' ' -!th fo&mat!ons as+ond!t!on$ +ons+!o)sness5 ' ' ' -!th +ons+!o)sness as

+ond!t!on$ menta!t,?mate&!a!t, :S'JF1J/!!$J$ et+'>'2hat !s th!s n)t&!ment$ and -hat does !t no)&!sh49h,s!+a n)t&!ment no)&!shes the mate&!a!t, -!th

n)t&!t!.e essen+e as e!"hth5F +onta+t as n)t&!mentno)&!shes the th&ee fee!n"s5 menta .o!t!on as

n)t&!ment no)&!shes the th&ee k!nds of %e!n"5+ons+!o)sness as n)t&!ment no)&!shes the menta!t,?

mate&!a!t, of &e%!&th?!nk!n"'


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Ho-4 As soon as !t !s #a+ed !n the mo)th$ #h,s!+afood as n)t&!ment %&!n"s !nto %e!n" the e!"ht k!nds of

mate&!a!t, :afo&esa!d>' Then ea+h )m# of +ooked &!+e"&o)nd %, the teeth$ on %e!n" s-ao-ed$ %&!n"s !nto

%e!n" )n!t afte& )n!t of the e!"ht k!nds of mate&!a!t,'

Th)s !t no)&!shes the mate&!a!t, -!th n)t&!t!.e essen+eas e!"hth'

B)t -!th +onta+t as n)t&!ment$ -hen +onta+t#&od)+t!.e of #easant fee!n" a&!ses !t no)&!shes

#easant fee!n"5 +onta+t #&od)+t!.e of #a!nf) fee!n"

no)&!shes #a!nf) fee!n"5 +onta+t #&od)+t!.e ofne!the&?#a!nf)?no&?#easant fee!n" no)&!shes ne!the&?

#a!nf)?no&?#easant fee!n"' Th)s !n a -a,s +onta+tas n)t&!ment no)&!shes the th&ee k!nds of fee!n"'

In the +ase of menta .o!t!on as n)t&!ment$ kamma

ead!n" to sense?s#he&e %e!n" no)&!shes sense?s#he&e%e!n"5 kamma ead!n" to f!ne?mate&!a and !mmate&!a

%e!n" no)&!shes !ts &es#e+t!.e k!nd of %e!n"' Th)s !n a-a,s menta .o!t!on as n)t&!ment no)&!shes the th&ee

k!nds of %e!n"'B)t -!th +ons+!o)sness as n)t&!ment$ !t !s sa!d that !t

no)&!shes$ %, -a, of +onas+en+e +ond!t!on$ et+'$ the

th&ee :!mmate&!a> a""&e"ates asso+!ated -!th !tsef atthe moment of &e%!&th?!nk!n" and the th!&t, k!nds of

mate&!a!t, that a&!se %, -a, of t&!#e +ont!n)!t,' Th)s+ons+!o)sness no)&!shes the menta!t,?mate&!a!t, of

&e%!&th?!nk!n"'FAnd he&e$ %, the -o&ds menta .o!t!on as n)t&!mentno)&!shes the th&ee k!nds of %e!n"$ on, the

-hoesome and )n-hoesome .o!t!on a++om#an!ed %,ta!nts !s meant5 %, the -o&ds +ons+!o)sness

no)&!shes the menta!t,?mate&!a!t, of &e%!&th?!nk!n"$

on, &e%!&th?!nk!n" +ons+!o)sness !s meant' Ho-e.e&$these a&e to %e )nde&stood !nd!s+&!m!nate, as

n)t&!ments as -e %e+a)se the, no)&!sh the statesthat a&e asso+!ated -!th them and o&!"!nated %, them'

The o)& )n+t!onsAs &e"a&ds these fo)& k!nds of n)t&!ment$ #h,s!+a foodas n)t&!ment a++om#!shes the f)n+t!on of n)t&!ment

%, s)sta!n!n"$ +onta+t %, +onta+t!n" :to)+h!n">$menta .o!t!on %, a++)m)at!n"$ +ons+!o)sness %,

+o"n!z!n"'Ho-4 9h,s!+a food as n)t&!ment$ %, s)sta!n!n"$ !s fo&

the ma!ntenan+e of %e!n"s %, ma!nta!n!n" the %od,'


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o& th!s %od,$ tho)"h "ene&ated %, kamma$ !ss)sta!ned %, #h,s!+a food and stands fo& ten ,ea&s o&

a h)nd&ed ,ea&s )# to the end of the !fe?s#an' =!ke-hat4 =!ke a +h!d -h!+h$ tho)"h "!.en %!&th %, the

mothe&$ !s n)&t)&ed %, the m!k$ et+'$ "!.en to h!m to

d&!nk %, the -et?n)&se and th)s !.es on"' Aso$ as aho)se !s s)##o&ted %, a #&o#' Th!s too has %een sa!d

:)nt&a+ed>1 G&eat k!n"$ *)st as$ -hen a ho)se !s+oa#s!n"$ the, #&o# !t )# -!th othe& t!m%e&$ and that

ho)se$ %e!n" #&o##ed )# %, othe& t!m%e&$ does not

+oa#se$ so too th!s %od, !s s)##o&ted %, n)t&!ment$#e&s!sts !n de#enden+e )#on n)t&!ment'

Th)s #h,s!+a food as n)t&!ment a++om#!shes thef)n+t!on of n)t&!ment %, s)sta!n!n"' A++om#!sh!n" !t

th)s$ #h,s!+a food as n)t&!ment %e+omes a +ond!t!on

fo& t-o mate&!a +ont!n)!t!es$ name,$ fo& thato&!"!nated %, n)t&!ment and that kamm!+a, a+0)!&ed'

FC It !s a +ond!t!on fo& the kamma?%o&n mate&!a!t,%, %e+om!n" !ts #&ese&.e&' It !s a +ond!t!on fo& that

o&!"!nated %, n)t&!ment %, %e+om!n" !ts #&od)+e&'Then +onta+t$ %, +onta+t!n" the o%*e+t -h!+h !s the

%as!s fo& #eas)&e$ et+'$ !s fo& the ma!ntenan+e of

%e!n"s %, +a)s!n" the o++)&&en+e of #easant fee!n"$et+' Menta .o!t!on$ a++)m)at!n" %, -a, of

-hoesome and )n-hoesome kamma$ !s fo& thema!ntenan+e of %e!n"s %e+a)se !t #&o.!des the &oot of

e(!sten+e' 8ons+!o)sness$ %, +o"n!z!n"$ !s fo& thema!ntenan+e of %e!n"s %, +a)s!n" the o++)&&en+e ofmenta!t,?mate&!a!t,'

The o)& Dan"e&sNo-$ -h!e these a&e a++om#!sh!n" the!& f)n+t!on of

n)t&!ment %, s)sta!n!n"$ et+'$ fo)& dan"e&s a&e to %e

seen1 the dan"e& of des!&e !n the +ase of #h,s!+a foodas n)t&!ment5 the dan"e& of a##&oa+h !n the +ase of

+onta+t5 :the dan"e&> of a++)m)at!n" !n the +ase ofmenta .o!t!on5 and :the dan"e&> of a)n+h!n" !nto a

ne- e(!sten+e he&e o& the&e %, -a, of tak!n" &e%!&th?!nk!n" !n the +ase of +ons+!o)sness'2hat a&e the &easons :fo& th!s>4 Be+a)se$ ha.!n"

a&o)sed des!&e fo& #h,s!+a food$ %e!n"s fa+e +od$et+'$ to )nde&take s)+h -o&k as +he+k!n"$ a++o)nt!n"$

et+'$ and !n+)& not a !tte s)ffe&!n"' And some -hoha.e "one fo&th !n th!s d!s#ensat!on seek n)t&!ment

th&o)"h s)+h !m#&o#e& means as the #&a+t!+e of


46/72

med!+!ne$ et+'$ and the, a&e to %e +ens)&ed he&e andno-$ and he&eafte& the, %e+ome &e+)se "hosts !n

the manne& des+&!%ed th)s !n the =akkhana Sam,)tta1And h!s o)te& &o%e -as %)&n!n"$ %az!n"$ et+'F o&

th!s &eason$ des!&e !tsef !s to %e )nde&stood as the

dan"e& !n #h,s!+a food as n)t&!ment'Those -ho a##&oa+h +onta+t$ -ho f!nd "&at!f!+at!on !n

+onta+t$ +omm!t +&!mes !n &es#e+t of othe&s@ ")a&dedand #&ote+ted %eon"!n"s$ s)+h as the!& -!.es$ et+'

2hen the o-ne&s of the "oods +at+h them -!th the!&

%eon"!n"s$ the, +)t them !nto #!e+es o& th&o- themonto a &)%%!sh hea#$ o& hand them o.e& to the k!n"5

and then the k!n" has .a&!o)s to&t)&es !nf!+ted )#onthem' And -!th the %&eak)# of the %od,$ afte& death$

a %ad dest!nat!on !s to %e e(#e+ted fo& them' Th)s th!s

ent!&e dan"e& ?? that #e&ta!n!n" to the he&e and no-and that #e&ta!n!n" to the afte&!fe ?? has +ome a%o)t

&ooted !n +onta+t' o& th!s &eason$ a##&oa+h !s to %e)nde&stood as the dan"e& !n the +ase of the n)t&!ment

+onta+t'The ent!&e dan"e& !n the th&ee &eams of e(!sten+e has

+ome a%o)t %, the a++)m)at!on of -hoesome and

)n-hoesome kamma and !s &ooted !n that:a++)m)at!on>' o& th!s &eason$ a++)m)at!on !s to %e

)nde&stood as the dan"e& !n the n)t&!ment menta.o!t!on'

And !n -hate.e& #a+e &e%!&th?!nk!n" +ons+!o)snessa)n+hes :the ne- e(!sten+e>$ !n that same #a+e !t !s&e%o&n %, se!z!n" the &e%!&th?!nk!n" menta!t,?

mate&!a!t,' 2hen !t !s #&od)+ed$ a dan"e&s a&e#&od)+ed$ fo& the, a&e a &ooted !n !t' o& th!s &eason$

a)n+h!n" !s to %e )nde&stood as the dan"e& !n the

n)t&!ment +ons+!o)sness'The o)& S!m!es

In &e"a&d to these n)t&!ments -!th the!& dan"e&s$ fo&the sake of e!m!nat!n" des!&e fo& the n)t&!ment

#h,s!+a food$ the ), En!"htened One ta)"ht thes!m!e of son@s fesh !n the #assa"e %e"!nn!n" th)s1S)##ose$ %h!kkh)s$ a +o)#e$ a man and h!s -!fe$ ' ' '

o& the sake of e!m!nat!n" des!&e fo& the n)t&!ment+onta+t$ he ta)"ht the s!m!e of the fa,ed +o- !n the

#assa"e %e"!nn!n" th)s1 S)##ose$ %h!kkh)s$ the&e-as a fa,ed +o- ' ' ' o& the sake of e!m!nat!n"

des!&e fo& the n)t&!ment menta .o!t!on$ he ta)"ht the


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s!m!e of the +ha&+oa #!t !n the #assa"e %e"!nn!n"th)s1 S)##ose$ %h!kkh)s$ the&e -as a +ha&+oa

#!t ' ' ' And fo& the sake of e!m!nat!n" des!&e fo& then)t&!ment +ons+!o)sness$ he ta)"ht the s!m!e of the

man st&)+k -!th th&ee h)nd&ed s#ea&s !n the #assa"e

%e"!nn!n" th)s1 S)##ose$ %h!kkh)s$ the&e -as ath!ef$ a +&ook ' ' ' P

The&e!n$ tak!n" the essent!a mean!n"$ the&e foo-s a%&!ef !nte&etat!on of the mean!n"' A +o)#e$ !t !s sa!d$

a man and h!s -!fe$ took the!& son and set o)t on a

dese&t t&a! a h)nd&ed ,o*anas on"$PJ -!th on,!m!ted #&o.!s!ons' 2hen the, had "one f!ft, ,o*anas

the!& #&o.!s!ons &an o)t' E(ha)sted %, h)n"e& andth!&st$ the, sat do-n !n some s+ant, shade' Then the

man sa!d to h!s -!fe1 M, dea&$ fo& f!ft, ,o*anas on a

s!des the&e !s ne!the& a .!a"e no& a to-n' The&efo&e$tho)"h a man +an do man, k!nds of -o&k$ s)+h as

#o-!n"$ ")a&d!n" +atte$ et+'$ !t !s not #oss!%e fo& meto do that' 8ome$ k! me' Eat haf of m, fesh$ and

ha.!n" made the othe& haf !nto #&o.!s!ons fo& the*o)&ne,$ +&oss o)t of the dese&t to"ethe& -!th o)&

son'

The -!fe sa!d1 Dea& h)s%and$ tho)"h a -oman +an doman, k!nds of -o&k$ s)+h as s#!nn!n" th&ead$ et+'$ !t !s

not #oss!%e fo& me to do that' 8ome$ k! me' Eat hafof m, fesh$ and ha.!n" made the othe& haf !nto

#&o.!s!ons fo& the *o)&ne,$ +&oss o)t of the dese&tto"ethe& -!th o)& son'Then the man sa!d1 M, dea&$ the death of the mothe&

-o)d mean the death of t-o$ fo& a ,o)n" %o, +annot!.e -!tho)t h!s mothe&' B)t !f -e %oth !.e$ then -e

+an %e"et anothe& +h!d a"a!n' 8ome no-$ et )s k!

o)& +h!d$ take h!s fesh$ and +&oss o)t of th!s dese&t'Then the mothe& sa!d to the son1 Dea&$ "o to ,o)&

fathe&' He -ent$ %)t the fathe& sa!d1 o& the sake ofs)##o&t!n" th!s +h!d I !n+)&&ed m)+h s)ffe&!n" th&o)"h

s)+h -o&k as #o-!n"$ ")a&d!n" +atte$ et+' I +annotk! the %o,' Yo) k! ,o)& son' Then he sa!d1 Dea&$"o to ,o)& mothe&' B)t the mothe& sa!d1 =on"!n" fo&

a son I !n+)&&ed m)+h s)ffe&!n" %, o%se&.!n" the +o-?o%se&.an+e$ the do"?o%se&.an+e$ #&a,!n" to the "ods$

et+'$ not to s#eak of %ea&!n" h!m !n m, -om%'PF It!s not #oss!%e fo& me to k! h!m' Then she sa!d1

Dea&$ "o to ,o)& fathe&'


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The %o, d!ed f&om "o!n" %a+k and fo&th %et-een thefathe& and the mothe&' See!n" h!m dead$ the, -e#t$

and ha.!n" taken the fesh as des+&!%ed a%o.e$ the,de#a&ted' Be+a)se that fesh of the!& son -as &e#)s!.e

to them fo& n!ne &easons$ !t -as not eaten fo&

en*o,ment no& fo& !nto(!+at!on no& fo& mak!n" :the%od,> st&on" and %ea)t!f)$ %)t on, fo& the #)ose of

+&oss!n" o)t of the dese&t'o& -hat n!ne &easons -as !t &e#)s!.e4 Be+a)se !t -as

the fesh of the!& o-n offs#&!n"$ the fesh of a &eat!.e$

the fesh of a son$ the fesh of a dea& son$ the fesh ofa ,o)n"ste&$ &a- fesh$ not %eef$ )nsated$ )ns#!+ed'

The&efo&e the %h!kkh) -ho sees the n)t&!ment#h,s!+a food th)s$ as s!m!a& to son@s fesh$ e!m!nates

the des!&e fo& !t'PP

Th!s$ !n the f!&st #a+e$ !s the !nte&etat!on of themean!n" of the s!m!e of son@s fesh'

Then$ as &e"a&ds the s!m!e of the fa,ed +o-1 If a +o--e&e st&!##ed of !ts sk!n f&om the ne+k to the hoo.es

and then set f&ee$ -hate.e& !t -o)d &est )#on -o)d%e+ome a %as!s of #a!n fo& !t$ s!n+e !t -o)d %e %!tten

%, the sma +&eat)&es !.!n" the&e'P So too$

-hate.e& #h,s!+a %as!s o& o%*e+t +onta+t stands )#onas !ts s)##o&t %e+omes a %as!s fo& the fet #a!n

o&!"!nat!n" f&om that %as!s o& o%*e+t'PL The&efo&e a%h!kkh) -ho sees the n)t&!ment +onta+t th)s$ as

s!m!a& to a fa,ed +o-$ e!m!nates the des!&e fo& !t'Th!s !s the !nte&etat!on of the mean!n" of the s!m!eof the fa,ed +o-'

Then$ as &e"a&ds the s!m!e of the +ha&+oa #!t1PThe th&ee &eams of %e!n" a&e !ke a +ha&+oa #!t !n the

sense of a "&eat %)&n!n" heat :!t'$ a "&eat fe.e&>' =!ke

the t-o men -ho "&a% hod :of a -eake& man> %, %othh!s a&ms and d&a" h!m to-a&ds !t$ !s menta .o!t!on !n

the sense that !t d&a"s one to-a&ds the &eams of%e!n"' The&efo&e a %h!kkh) -ho sees the n)t&!ment

menta .o!t!on th)s$ as s!m!a& to a +ha&+oa #!t$e!m!nates the des!&e fo& !t' Th!s !s the !nte&etat!on ofthe mean!n" of the s!m!e of the +ha&+oa #!t'

Then$ as &e"a&ds the s!m!e of the man st&)+k -!thth&ee h)nd&ed s#ea&s1P The h)nd&ed s#ea&s that

st&!ke the man !n the mo&n!n" make a h)nd&ed -o)ndo#en!n"s !n h!s %od,$ and -!tho)t &ema!n!n" !ns!de

the, #!e&+e th&o)"h and fa on the othe& s!de5 and so


49/72

-!th the othe& t-o h)nd&ed s#ea&s as -e' Th)s h!s-hoe %od, !s +)t a"a!n and a"a!n %, the s#ea&s -h!+h

+ome -!tho)t #!e&+!n" h!m !n a #a+e -he&e anothe&has a&ead, st&)+k' The&e !s no meas)&!n" the #a!n

a&!sen !n h!m f&om e.en one of the -o)nd o#en!n"s$

not to s#eak of th&ee h)nd&ed -o)nd o#en!n"s'The&e!n$ the t!me of the "ene&at!on of the &e%!&th?

!nk!n" +ons+!o)sness !s !ke the t!me of %e!n" st&)+k%, a s#ea&' The #&od)+t!on of the a""&e"ates !s !ke

the #&od)+t!on of the -o)nd o#en!n"s' The a&!s!n" of

the .a&!o)s k!nds of s)ffe&!n" &ooted !n the &o)nd :ofe(!sten+e> on+e the a""&e"ates ha.e %een %o&n !s !ke

the a&!s!n"

mediicine budha

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