lekh dothraki - weebly · therefore, the declension of a noun must be memorized right away....

Lekh Dothraki

sunquan8094

May 21, 2013

Foreword

Firstly, I would like to say that this is a work in progress; lessons are still being created and addedto this text. This is a written compilation of my YouTube lessons, and as the YouTube tutorialsare ongoing at the time of writing, there will be many additions to this text.

Next, I have some people to thank. First and foremost, I would like to thank you, the reader,for your continued interest in learning the Dothraki language. You, along with the many otherswho have obtained this book in one way or another, have encouraged me to step in and help youlearn such an interesting language.

I wish that you enjoy learning this language. Dothras chek.

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Contents

I Preliminaries 4

1 Pronunciation 5

II Grammatical Lessons 7

1 Personal Pronouns and Affirmative Present Tense 8

2 Negative Present Tense 10

3 Accusative Case of Inanimate Nouns 12

4 Nominative Plural and Accusative of Animate Nouns 14

5 Accusative of Personal Pronouns and Future Tense of Verbs I 16

6 Future Tense of Verbs II 18

7 Adjectives I: “Being” an Adjective 20

8 Adjectives II: Adjectives That Modify Nouns 22

9 Genitive Case of Animate and Inanimate Nouns 24

10 Genitive Case of Personal Pronouns 26

11 Past Tense of Verbs 27

12 Allative Case of Animate and Inanimate Nouns 29

13 Allative Case of Personal Pronouns 31

14 Informal Imperative 33

15 Ablative Case of Nouns and Personal Pronouns 35

16 Expressing “Being” a Noun 37

17 Numbers 1-10 38

18 Negating Adjectives 40

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19 Comparing with Adjectives 41

20 Yes-and-No Questions 43

21 Relative Clauses with Inanimate Nouns 45

22 Prepositions I: Over and Under 47

23 Modal Auxiliary Verbs 49

24 Vocal Auxiliary Verbs 51

25 Creating New Adjectives 53

26 Numbers 11-19 55

27 Simple Nominalization and Manner Adverbs 57

28 Relative Clauses with Animate Nouns 59

29 Prepositions II: Front and Behind 61

III Conversational Lessons 62

1 M’athchomaroon 63

2 Hash Yer Dothrae Chek? 64

3 Aena Vezhvena 65

IV Appendix 66

1 Grammar Reference 671.1 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

1.1.1 Declension Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.1.2 Personal Pronoun Declension Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.1.3 Demonstrative Pronoun Declension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.1.4 Relative Pronoun Declension Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.1.5 Interrogative Pronoun Declension Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1.2 Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.2.1 Conjugation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

1.3 Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691.3.1 Degree of Comparison Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

1.4 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2 Dictionary of Vocabulary 70

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Part I

Preliminaries

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Chapter 1

Pronunciation

Every language has a unique pronunciation scheme, even though other languages may use someof the same sounds but represent them entirely differently in writing. For this reason, I have putsound approximations in languages other than English so that one will have a better idea of howthe language sounds. For the sake of completeness, I have also included the International PhoneticAlphabet letter associated with the sound.

Vowels

• a: [a] (English father, Spanish casa)

• e: [e] (English set, Spanish beber)

• i: [i] (English bean, Japanese kirin)

• o: [o] (English cocoa)

Consonants

• ch: [tS] (English chafe)

• d: [d] (English dorm)

• f : [f] (English fief )

• g: [g] (English gig)

• h: [h] (English high)

• j: [dZ] (English jive)

• k: [k] (Japanese katakana)

• kh: [x] (Klingon Hol, Lojban xu do)

• l: [l] (English live)

• m: [m] (English moon)

• n: [n] (English null)

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• q: [q] (Klingon qaw)

• r: [r/R] (Spanish querer)

• s: [s] (English Seuss)

• sh: [S] (English shoe)

• t: [t] (English tat)

• th: [T] (English thug)

• v: [v] (English vest)

• w: [w] (English wow)

• y: [j] (English yay)

• z: [z] (English pizzazz )

• zh: [Z] (English measure, French bonjour)

Epenthesis

Epenthesis is the adding of vowels in order to aid pronunciation. You will need to do this oftenbecause of the frequent “dropping” of endings you must do. Add the letter e to the end of a wordwhen a word ends with:

• the letters w, q, and g

• a double consonant (note that cch, kkh, and ssh are double consonants)

• consonant clusters ending in the letters w, r, l, y

Stress

If a word ends in a consonant, stress is applied on the final syllable. If a word ends in a vowel,stress is applied on the first syllable.

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Part II

Grammatical Lessons

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Lesson 1

Personal Pronouns and AffirmativePresent Tense

Vocabulary

Nouns

• anha: I

• yer: you

• me: he, she, it

• kisha: we

• yeri: you (plural)

• mori: they

Verbs

• thirat: live

• nesolat: learn

Text

Anha thirak, yer thiri, me thira, kisha thiraki, yeri thiri, mori thiri.Anha nesok, yer nesoe, me nesoe, kisha nesoki, yeri nesoe, mori nesoe.

Grammar

As with most languages, Dothraki has verbs that need to be conjugated. A conjugated verb oftenlooks differently from its dictionary form.

There are two conjugations in Dothraki, -at and -lat verbs. At first glance, a verb can becategorized into either conjugation almost immediately. -at verbs are identified as verbs that endin “-at” and not “-lat,” while -lat verbs end in “-lat.” There will be exceptions to the rule, but we

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will cover that in a later lesson. For every verb tense, Dothraki has conjugations for affirmativeand negative polarity, meaning that there are conjugations for verbs in sentences such as “I ate”and “I did not eat.” In this lesson, we will cover only the affirmative present tense. It is worthnoting that the subject of the verb cannot be dropped, unlike in Romance languages, therefore thepronouns will be kept in the following tables.

Verb Type -lat -at

Person Singular Plural Singular Plural

First Person anha -k kisha -ki anha -ak kisha -aki

Second Person yer -e yeri -e yer -i yeri -i

Third Person me -e mori -e me -a mori -i

Verb nesolat thirat


First Person anha nesok kisha nesoki anha thirak kisha thiraki

Second Person yer nesoe yeri nesoe yer thiri yeri thiri

Third Person me nesoe mori nesoe me thira mori thiri

Practice

1. Conjugate the following verbs in the affirmative present tense.

(a) dothralat

(b) ifat

2. Translate into English.

(a) Anha thirak. Yer nesoe.

(b) Kisha nesoki. Me thira.

3. Translate into Dothraki.

(a) We live. They learn.

(b) He learns. You all live.

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Lesson 2

Negative Present Tense

Vocabulary

Nouns

• alegra: duck [i]

• eshina: fish [i]

• hrakkar: lion [a]

Verbs

• ovethat: fly

• zerqolat: swim

• vrelat: leap [-at]

Text

Alegra ovetha. Anha vos ovethok. Yeri vos ovethi. Me vos ovetho. Kisha vos ovethoki.Eshina zerqoe. Anha vos zerqok. Yeri vos zerqoo. Me vos zerqoo. Kisha vos zerqoki.Hrakkar vrela. Anha vos vrelok. Yeri vos vreli. Me vos vrelo. Kisha vos vreloki.

Grammar

The negative conjugations of all tenses contain the auxiliary verb “vos,” which literally means“not.” It has been included in every conjugation in the following tables. The “+” sign before theending indicates that you must drop the letter before it.

Verb Type -lat -at


First Person anha vos +ok kisha vos +oki anha vos +ok kisha vos +oki

Second Person yer vos -o yeri vos -o yer vos -i yeri vos -i

Third Person me vos -o mori vos -o me vos -o mori vos -i

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Verb Type dothralat ifat


First Person anha vos dothrok kisha vos dothroki anha vos ifok kisha vos ifoki

Second Person yer vos dothrao yeri vos dothrao yer vos ifi yeri vos ifi

Third Person me vos dothrao mori vos dothrao me vos ifo mori vos ifi

Practice


(a) Hrakkar vos zerqoo. Me vrela.

(b) Eshina zerqoe. Me vos ovetho.


(a) He learns. The lion does not fly.

(b) We swim. The duck lives.

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Lesson 3

Accusative Case of Inanimate Nouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• mai: mother [a]

• vado: turnip [i]

• yalli: child [i]

• dranekh: human milk [i]

• lamekh: mare’s milk [i]

• sewafikh: wine [i]

Verbs

• adakhat: eat

• indelat: drink

Text

Mai adakha eshin. Yalli adakha vad. Hrakkar adakha alegre.Mai indee sewafikh. Yalli indee dranekh. Hrakkar indee lamekh.

Grammar

In Dothraki, there are two declensions of nouns, animate and inanimate nouns. There is no specificway to figure out a noun’s declension at first glance. Therefore, the declension of a noun must bememorized right away. Inanimate nouns do not have plural forms, while animate nouns do.

Each declension of nouns has five cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, allative, andablative cases. The nominative case of a noun, which is also its dictionary form, is used when it isthe subject of a sentence. The accusative case of a noun is used when it is a direct object. In thetable below, an uppercase “C” indicates a consonant, “V” indicates a vowel, and “-” means “ends

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with.”Ending Example Noun Declension Example Declension

-V jano -+ (epenthesis if necessary) jan

-C lamekh (same) lamekh

-CCV yalli -C yal

Practice


(a) Anha indek lamekh. Me vos adakho vad.


(a) The duck does not live. The dog eats the duck.

(b) Children do not drink wine. They drink human milk.

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Lesson 4

Nominative Plural and Accusative ofAnimate Nouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• lajak: warrior [a]

• khal: king [a]

• rizh: son [a]

• ko: bodyguard [a]

Verbs

• zhilat: love [-at]

• fejat: hate

Text

Mai zhila rizhis. Rizhi zhili mayes. Rizhi zhili lajakes. Lajak feja rizhis.Lajaki feji khales. Khal feja lajakis. Kosi feji khales. Khal feja koes.Khal zhila mayes. Khal zhila rizhis. Mai zhila khales. Rizhi zhili khales.

Grammar

As said in a previous lesson, all animate nouns have plural declensions. Below is the declen-sion table for the nominative plural, accusative singular, and accusative plural of animate nouns.

-C -V khal ko

Nominative Plural -i -si khali kosi

Accusative Singular -es -es khales koes

Accusative Plural -is -es khalis koesIt is worth noting that the “i” in mai, when declined in the accusative singular case, changes to a“y.” Thus, mai declines in the accusative as mayes.

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Practice


(a) Lajaki adakhi alegri. Rizhi indee dranekh.


(a) The guards love the king.

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Lesson 5

Accusative of Personal Pronouns andFuture Tense of Verbs I

Vocabulary

Adverbs

• silokh: tomorrow

Conjunctions

• vosma: but

• ma: and

Text

Anha zhilak yera, vosma yer vos zhili anna. Me zhila yera, vosma yer vos zhili mae.Mori zhili yera, vosma yer vos zhili mora. Kisha zhilaki yera, vosma yer vos zhili kisha.Yer azhili anna silokh ma anha vos ozhilok yera. Yer azhili mae silokh ma me vos ozhilo yera.Yer azhili mora silokh ma mori vos ozhili yera. Yer azhili kisha silokh ma kisha vos ozhilok yera.

Grammar

Accusative of Personal Pronouns

Pronouns, like regular nouns, decline according to case as well. Below is the pronoun declensiontable for the nominative and accusative cases.Nominative Accusative

anha anna

yer yera

me mae

kisha kisha

yeri yeri

mori mora

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Future Tense of Verbs Beginning with a Consonant

We will only cover the future tense those verbs that begin with a consonant.Verb Type -lat -at

P +/- S P S P

1st+ anha a- -k kisha a- -ki anha a- -ak kisha a- -aki- anha vos o-+ok kisha vos o-+oki anha vos o-+ok kisha vos o-+oki

2nd+ yer a- -e yeri a- -e yer a- -i yer a- -i- yer vos o- -o yeri vos o- -o yer vos o- -i yer vos o- -i

3rd+ me a- -e mori a- -e me a- -a mori a- -i- me vos o- -o mori vos o- -o me vos o- -o mori vos o- -i

E nesolat fejat

P +/- S P S P

1st+ anha anesok kisha anesoki anha afejak kisha afejaki- anha vos onesok kisha vos onesoki anha vos ofejok kisha vos ofejoki

2nd+ yer anesoe yeri anesoe yer afeji yeri afeji- yer vos onesoo yeri vos onesoo yer vos ofeji yer vos ofeji

3rd+ me anesoe mori anesoe me afeja mori afeji- me vos onesoo mori vos onesoo me vos ofejo mori vos ofeji

Practice



(a) I will learn tomorrow.

(b) He loves us, but we hate him.

(c) The warriors drink wine, but the children drink mare’s milk.

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Lesson 6

Future Tense of Verbs II

Vocabulary

Verbs

• acchakat: be quiet

• astat: speak

• ammemat: play (musical instrument)

• ezhirat: dance

Conjunctions

• kash..., kash...: while..., ...

Text

Kash anha astak, kash anha vos vacchakok. Kash yeri vos vasti, kash yeri vacchaki.Kash yer asti, kash yer vos vacchaki. Kash kisha vos vastoki, kash kisha vacchakoki.Kash anha ammemak, kash yeri vezhiri. Kash yer ammemi, kash kisha vezhiraki.

Grammar

Future Tense of Verbs Beginning with a Vowel

Verb Type -lat -at

P +/- S P S P

1+ anha v- -k kisha v- -ki anha v- -ak kisha v- -aki- anha vos v- +ok kisha v- +oki anha vos v- -ok kisha vos v- -oki

2+ yer v- -e yeri v- -e yer v- -i yeri v- -i- yer vos v- -o yeri vos v- -o yer vos v- -i yeri vos v- -i

3+ me v- -e mori v- -e me v- -a mori v- -i- me vos v- -o mori vos v- -o me vos v- -o mori vos v- -i

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Verb Type astolat astat

P +/- S P S P

1+ anha vastok kisha vastoki anha vastak kisha vastaki- anha vos vastok kisha vastoki anha vos vastok kisha vos vastoki

2+ yer vastoe yeri vastoe yer vasti yeri vasti- yer vos vastoo yeri vos vastoo yer vos vasti yeri vos vasti

3+ me vastoe mori vastoe me vasta mori vasti- me vos vastoo mori vos vastoo me vos vasto mori vos vasti

Practice



(a) While the dog eats, you will not play a musical instrument.

(b) While you speak, we learn.

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Lesson 7

Adjectives I: “Being” an Adjective

Vocabulary

Nouns

• vorsa: fire [a]

• zhavvorsa: dragon [i]

Adjectives

• haj: strong

• virzeth: red

• zheana: beautiful

• zhokwa: big

Verbs

• sikhtelat: spit

• avvirsalat: burn something

• ostat: bite

Adverbs

• akka: also

Text

Zhavvorsa zhokwae ma haja. Me zheanae ma virzetha akka. Zhavvorsa sikhtee vorsaes. Vorsazhokwae ma virzetha ma zheanae.Vorsa avvirsae alegre. Alegra zheanae, vosma me vos zhokwao. Alegra osta anna. Anha zhokwakma hajak, vosma anha vos zheanok. Anha zhilak yera. Yer zheanae, vosma yer vos haji.

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Grammar

One must sooner or later realize that there is no word for “to be” in Dothraki, and question howthis problem is bypassed. It is bypassed by turning the adjective into a verb and conjugating itappropriately. If the adjective ends in a vowel, the “-lat” ending is attached. Otherwise, the “-at”ending is attached.

Practice


(a) Alegra virzetha. Zhavvorsa virzetha akka.


(a) The dog is big and beautiful, and it bites the child.

(b) The fire is red. It is also beautiful.

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Lesson 8

Adjectives II: Adjectives That ModifyNouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• khaleesi: queen [a]

Adjectives

• erin: kind

• imesh: young

• vezhven: great

• vichomer: respectful

Text

Khal haj zhila khaleesies zheana. Khaleesi zheana zhila khales haja.Mai erin zhila yal imeshi. Yalli imeshi zhili mayes erina.Zhavvorsa ershe zhila zhavvors imesha. Zhavvorsa imesh zhila zhavvors ershe.Lajak vezhven zhila rizhi vichomeri. Rizhi vichomeri zhili lajakes vezhvena.

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Grammar

Adjectives decline according to the case and number of the noun, regardless of its animacy. Followthe instructions below to modify a noun with an adjective.

• If the noun ends in a consonant:

– If the noun is singular:

∗ If the noun is in the nominative, keep it as it is.

∗ Otherwise, add the suffix -a.

– If the noun is plural, add the suffix -i.

• If the noun ends in a vowel, keep it as it is.

Practice


(a) Lajak vezhven zhila rizhes mae.


(a) The kind queen loves the great king.

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Lesson 9

Genitive Case of Animate andInanimate Nouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• tolorro: bone [i]

• jano: dog [i]

• lekhi: taste [i]

• arakh: curved sword [i]

Verbs

• lakkhat: chew

• chongat: be hard

• lajat: fight

Adjectives

• dis: simple, plain

Text

Khal haja. Rizhi khali vichomeri. Mai rizhi erina.Jano lakkha tolor. Tolorro jani chonga. Lekhi tolorri disa.Ko laja zhavvors. Arakh kosi haja. Vorsa zhavvorsi vos hajo.

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Grammar

The genitive case of a noun is used to indicate that something is “of the noun.” It is similar toputting “’s” at the end of a noun. The genitive case of singular and plural animate nouns are thesame. Below is the declension table.

Type An -C An -V In -C In -V In -CCV

Genitive -i -si -i +i -CCi

Noun rizh ko lamekh alegra yalli

Genitive rizhi kosi lamekhi alegri yalli

Practice


(a) Rizhi khali zheanae.


(a) The warrior’s bones are hard.

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Lesson 10

Genitive Case of Personal Pronouns

Vocabulary

Verbs

• lanat: run

Text

Jano anni lana. Jano yeri vos lano.Zhavvorsa kishi haja. Zhavvorsa mori vos hajo.Rizh anni vichomera. Rizh mae vos vichomero.

Grammar

Below is the declension table.Nominative Genitive

anha anni

yer yeri

me mae

kisha kishi

yeri yeri

mori mori

Practice


(a) Mai anni zhila anna, vosma mai yeri feja yera.


(a) My king’s warriors and guards are strong.

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Lesson 11

Past Tense of Verbs

Vocabulary

Nouns

• chiori: woman [a]

• virzetha: red wine [i]

Verbs

• kemat: marry

Adjectives

• esina: different

• davra: good, useful

Text

Anha kem chiories, vosma me vos davrao. Anha akemak chiories esina.Yer adakh alegre mae, vosma lekhi mae disa. Yer vadakhi alegra esina.Mori indesh sewafikh, vosma mori vos indosh virzetha. Anha vindek mae.Yeri fejish anna, vosma anha zhil yeri. Anha afejak yeri.

Grammar

The past tense of a verb is used to indicate that the action was done in the past. Below is theconjugation table.

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Verb Type -lat -at

P +/- S P S P

1+ anha -+ kisha -sh anha -+ kisha -ish- anha vos +o kisha vos +osh anha vos -o kisha vos -osh

2+ yer -+ yeri -sh yer -+ yeri -ish- yer vos +o yeri vos +osh yer vos -o yeri vos -osh

3+ me -+ mori -sh me -+ mori -ish- me vos +o mori vos +osh me vos -o mori vos -osh

Verb Type dothralat ifat

P +/- S P S P

1+ anha dothra kisha dothrash anha if kisha ifish- anha vos dothro kisha vos dothrosh anha vos ifo kisha vos ifosh

2+ yer dothra yeri dothrash yer if yeri ifish- yer vos dothro yeri vos dothrosh yer vos ifo yeri vos ifosh

3+ me dothra mori dothrash me if mori ifish- me vos dothro mori vos dothrosh me vos ifo mori vos ifosh

Practice


(a) Kash anha kem chiories, kash khal kem khaleesi.


(a) While you drank red wine, the children did not eat their turnips.

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Lesson 12

Allative Case of Animate andInanimate Nouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• rhaesh: land, country

• kimikh: date (fruit)

Verbs

• chomat: respect

• jolinat: cook

• azhat: give

Text

Alegra zerqo rhaeshaan. Khal rhaeshi jolin alegre.Mai azh kimikh yallaan. Yalli adakh kimikh.Khal choma lajakaan. Lajak choma khalaan.Khaleesi choma kosea. Kosi chomi khaleesisaan.

Grammar

The allative case of a noun is used when an action is being directed toward the noun. Below is thedeclension table.

TypeAn -C An -V

In -C In -V In -CCVS P S P

Allative -aan -ea -saan -sea -aan +aan +aan

Type khal khali mai maisi lekh alegra tolorro

Allative khalaan khalea maisaan maisea lekhaan alegraan tolorraan

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Practice


(a) Anha azh alegre yerea.


(a) You will respect the king.

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Lesson 13

Allative Case of Personal Pronouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• azho: gift [i]

Verbs

• emat: smile

• davralat: be useful

Text

Anha azhak azh yeraan. Yer emi anhaan.Kisha davraki maan. Me vos davrao kishaan.Mori chomi yerea. Yeri vos chomi morea.

Grammar

Nominative Allative

anha anhaan

yer yeraan

me maan

kisha kishaan

yeri yerea

mori morea

Practice


(a) I respected you all.


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(a) He will give to me the curved sword.

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Lesson 14

Informal Imperative

Vocabulary

Nouns

• hadaen: food [i]

Verbs

• laqat: to cry

Particles

• zhey: (vocative particle)

Text

Zhey mai, zhilas yal yeri. Vo fejos mori.Zhey yalli, adakhas hadaen yeri. Vo indos sewafikh.Zhey rizh, zheanas. Vo laqos.Zhey zhavvorsa, sikhtes vorsaes. Vo ovethos.

Grammar

The informal imperative is used to command others of an equal or lower status. Below is theconjugation table. There is no person column because commanding is done in second person.+/- -lat -at dothralat adakhat

+ -s +as dothras adakhas- vo +os vo +os vo dothros vo adakhos

Practice


(a) Zhilas anna, ma anha azhilak yera.

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(a) O children, respect your king.

(b) Do not cry. Smile.

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Lesson 15

Ablative Case of Nouns and PersonalPronouns

Vocabulary

Verbs

• vigererat: miss (long for)

• yanqolat: gather

• garvolat: hunger

Conjuctions

• hajinaan me: because

Text

Anha yanqo kimikhoon hajiinaan me yer garvoe kimikhoon.Anha yanqo alegroon hajinaan me yer garvoe alegroon.Alegra lan yeroon ma zerqo rhaeshoon.Yeri vigereri kishoon hajinaan me kisha vigereraki yeroa.Khal vigerera kosoon hajinaan me ko vigerera khaloon.Jano vigerera anhoon hajinaan me anha vigererak moon.Chiorisi rhaeshi vos vigereri moroa.

Grammar

The Ablative Case

The ablative case of a noun is used when an action is being directed away from it.

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Ablative of Nouns

TypeAn -C An -V

In -C In -V In -CCVS P S P

Ablative -oon -oa -soon -soa -oon +oon +oon

Noun rizh rizhi ko kosi lekh jano tolorro

Ablative rizhoon rizhoa kosoon kosoa lekhoon janoon tolorroon

Ablative of Personal Pronouns

Nominative Ablative

anha anhoon

yer yeroon

me moon

kisha kishoon

yeri yeroa

mori moroa

Practice


(a) I hunger for duck and dates.


(a) I miss you because I love you.

(b) The king’s warriors gathered dates and gave them to the king because the king hungeredfor dates.

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Lesson 16

Expressing “Being” a Noun

Vocabulary

Nouns

• ave: father [a]

• zafra: slave [i]

• simonof: grandfather [a]

Text

Anha khal. Anha lajakoon. Anha vos khaloon. Anha avesaan. Anha vos lajakaan.Yer khaleesi. Yer zafroon. Yer vos khaleesisoon. Yer maisaan. Yer vos zafraan.Me ave anni. Me khaloon. Me vos lajakoon. Me simonofaan. Me vos khalaan.Rizhi kishi lajakea haji. Rizhi kishi vos zafroon.

Grammar

As said before, Dothraki does not have a word for “to be.” Below is how one expresses “being” anoun.

Tense Case of Noun Example

Present Nominative Yer lajak. (You are a warrior.)

Past Ablative Mori kosoa. (They are guards.)

Future Allative Anha khal. (I am a king.)

Practice



(a) The warrior’s grandfather was king, but his father was a slave.

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Lesson 17

Numbers 1-10

Vocabulary

There is no vocabulary for this chapter because the text is a literal translation of “The TwelveDays of Christmas,” though some words may look unfamiliar.

Text

She asshekh ataki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan at zir she feshith sovi.She asshekh akataki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan akat zir adrasi.She asshekh senaki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan sen jizis frenchi.She asshekh toraki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan tor zir kazga.She asshekh mekaki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan mek fire hoshora.She asshekh zhindaki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan zhinda jizis fin azh gal.She asshekh fekhaki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan fekh zir fin zerqo.She asshekh oriki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan ori zafre fin nirri lamekhoon.She asshekh qazataki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan qazat chiories fin ezhiri.She asshekh thiki Christmas, mai anni azh anhaan thi khalis fin vreli.

Grammar

Ordinal Numbers

Like every language, Dothraki has a counting system. Below is a table of Arabic numerals and theEnglish and Dothraki words associated with them.

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Numeral English Dothraki

1 one at

2 two akat

3 three sen

4 four tor

5 five mek

6 six zhinda

7 seven fekh

8 eight ori

9 nine qazat

10 ten thi

Cardinal Numbers

To construct cardinal numbers, attach the suffix -ak if the number ends in a vowel; otherwise, usethe suffix -k. The newly formed word is treated like a regular animate noun.

Practice


(a) Zhinda yalli adakh ori alegre.


(a) My grandfather was the first king of this land.

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Lesson 18

Negating Adjectives

Vocabulary

Adjectives

• dik: fast

• toki: dumb

Text

Khaleesi zheanae, vosma me vos hajo. Khaleesi ohaja, vosma me vos ozheanao.Khal dika, vosma me vos imesho. Khal osimesha, vosma me vos odiko.Rizhi vichomeri, vosma mori vos zhokwao. Rizhi ozhokwae, vosma mori vos ovichomeri.Anha tokik, vosma anha vos vezhvenok. Anha ovezhvena, vosma anha vos otokok.

Grammar

If an adjective is negated, it means that the noun it modifies is not what the adjective describes.To negate an adjective, follow the instructions below.

• If the adjective begins with a vowel, add the prefix os-. Thus, esina would become osesina.

• Otherwise, if the adjective begins with a consonant, add the prefix o-. Therefore, haj wouldbecome ohaj.

• The negated adjective is treated like any other adjective.

Practice


(a) Rizh lajaki ohaja.


(a) The queen is not beautiful.

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Lesson 19

Comparing with Adjectives

Vocabulary

All words in the text should look familiar to you.

Text

Chiori azheanana. Mai ozheanana. Chiori azheanana maisoon. Mai ozheanana chiorisoon.Khal avezhvenana. Lajak ovezhvenana. Khal avezhvenana lajakoon. Lajak ovezhvenana khaloon.Rizh asimeshana. Yalli osimeshana. Rizh asimeshana yalloon. Yalli osimeshana rizhoon.Lekhi lamekhi adisana. Lekhi sewafikhi odisana. Lekhi lamekhi adisana lekhoon sewafikhi. Lekhisewafikhi odisana lekhoon lamekhi.

Grammar

There is no word that corresponds to the English word “than” in Dothraki. The adjective inflectsin order to express its degree.

Adjective Degree Inflection

• To express a higher degree of an adjective:

– If the verb begins with a vowel, attach the prefix as-. Otherwise, attach the prefix a-. Ifit ends in a vowel, attach the suffix -n. Otherwise, attach the suffix -an Thus, zheanaand imesh would become azheanan and asimeshan, respectively.

• To express a lesser degree of an adjective:

– Negate the adjective. Then place the suffixes -an and -n appropriately. Therefore,zheana and imesh would become ozheanan and osimeshan, respectively.

Practice


(a) Lekhi sewafikh ahajana virzethoon.

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(a) The slave is more beautiful than the queen.

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Lesson 20

Yes-and-No Questions

Vocabulary

Particles

• hash: (yes-and-no question word)

Interjections

• sek: yes

• vos: no

Text

Hash yalli imesha? Sek, yalli imesha. Hash mai mae imesha? Vos, mai mae vos imesho.Hash lajak haja? Sek, lajak haja. Hash rizhi mae haji? Vos, rizhi mae vos haji.Hash chiori maisaan? Sek, chiori maisaan. Hash chiori khaleesisaan? Vos, chiori vos khaleesisaan.Hash zafra garvo hadaenoon? Sek, zafra garvo hadaenoon. Hash khal vazha hadaen zafraan? Vos,khal vos vazho hadaen zafraan.Hash anha zhilak yera? Sek, anha zhilak yera. Hash anha fej yera? Vos, anha vos fej yera.

Grammar

As in other languages, there are two types of questions in Dothraki: yes-or-no questions and open-ended questions. To ask a yes-or-question, follow the process below:

1. Make your question in English a statement. For instance, if you want to ask “are you okay,”turn it into “you are okay.”

2. Translate your statement into Dothraki. For example, if your statement is “Yer cooked theduck,” translate it to “yer jolin alegre.”

3. Add “hash” to the beginning of the statement and change the punctuation mark at the endappropriately. Therefore, the above statement would become “Hash yer jolin alegre?”

One must answer such a question with either “sek,” meaning “yes,” or “vos,” meaning “no.”

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Practice


(a) Hash mori yanqo kimikhoon ma azh mora khalaan?


(a) Did you cook and eat the duck?

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Lesson 21

Relative Clauses with InanimateNouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• hake: name [a]

• krazaaj: mountain [i]

Pronouns

• fin: (begins a relative clause)

Verbs

• tihat: see

• shilolat: meet

• verat: travel

Text

Anha zhilak yal fini zhili zhavvors.Anha jolin hadaen fini davra.Khal tih arakh fini azh anha yallaan.Anha tih zafra fin zhil anha.Anha shilo yal fini neso anha hake.Anha zhilak krazaaj finaan averaki kisha.Mai anni jolin hadaen finoon garvok anha.

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Grammar

Relative Clauses

A relative clause modifies a noun similarly to how an adjective modifies a noun and how an adverbmodifies a verb. In Dothraki, all relative clauses begin with the relative pronoun fin. This pronoundeclines according to the subject’s animacy and its role in the clause. The order of the relativeclause, regardless of the noun, is Verb-Subject-Object.

Inanimate Relative Pronoun Declension Table

Case Declension Example

Nominative finiAnha zhilak alegre fini zerqoe.

I love ducks that swim.

Accusative finKhal feja koes fin kem zafra.

The king hates the guard whom the slave married.

Genitive finiZhey yalli, chomas maisaan fini indee yeri dranekh.

O children, respect the mother whose milk you drink.

Allative finaanMai zhila rizh finaan chomas me.

A mother loves a child whom she respects.

Ablative finoonKrazaaj finoon if anha zheanae.

The mountains I came from are beautiful.

Practice


(a) Zafra finoon azheanana krazaaj zhila anna.


(a) The duck which I ate was red.

(b) The warrior whose name I did not learn was not dumb.

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Lesson 22

Prepositions I: Over and Under

Vocabulary

Nouns

• osoleth: bridge [i]

• rhoa: beast, animal [u]

• feso: carrot [i]

• feshith: tree [u]

• asavva: sky [a]

• sorfo: dirt [i]

Prepositions

• oleth: over, above

• torga: under

Text

Anha oleth osolethi. Rhoa torga osolethi.Feshith thira oleth rhaeshi. Feso thira torga rhaeshi.Asavva oleth kishi. Sorfo torga kishi.

Grammar

Prepositions in Dothraki

Dothraki prepositions are classified based on the specified case of the noun that follows it. Theprepositions oleth and torga would be classified as genitive prepositions, meaning that the nounthat follows these prepositions is always in the genitive case.

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Practice


(a) Rhoa thira torga kishi.


(a) The sky over the land is beautiful.

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Lesson 23

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Vocabulary

Nouns

• vosi: nothing

Auxiliary Verbs

• laz: can, could

• vil: manage to

• eth: must

• ish: might

• jif: should

Verbs

• thirolat: survive

• lostat: disappoint, to miss (fail to see)

Text

Alegra laz ovetha. Kisha laz vos ovethoki.Zhavvorsa vil thiroe. Lajak vil vos thiroo.Rizhi khali eth chomi avesaan mori. Rizhi khali eth vos losti avees mori.Anha ish zhilak mae. Me ish vos zhilo anna.Yer jif azhi hadaen maan. Me jif vos azho vos yeraan.

Grammar

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs, also known in English as “helping verbs,” aid in the clarity of the meaning of thesentence.

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Modality

The modality of a sentence indicates if the subject may, might, must or can do the action.

Examples of Modal Auxiliary Verbs

In English, modal auxiliary verbs include “can,” “could,” “must,” “should,” “shall,” “may,” and“might.”

In Dothraki

In Dothraki, all auxiliary verbs are placed before the verb, which is conjugated as if the auxiliaryverb were omitted.

Practice


(a) Anha eth thirak hajinaan me anha khal.


(a) He cannot survive because he cannot swim.

(b) I might eat nothing tomorrow, but I will not be hungry.

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Lesson 24

Vocal Auxiliary Verbs

Vocabulary

Nouns

• gezri: snake [a]

Verbs

• fonat: hunt

Auxiliary Verbs

• nem: (passive voice)

• nemo: (reflexive)

Prepositions

• ki: by

Text

Kimikh nem adakh ki anni. Dranekh nem inde ki yalli.Alegra nem fona ki lajaki khali, vosma alegra nem vos ajolina.Anha nem ostak ki gezrisi. Gezri nem vos tiha ki anni.Jano nemo osta.

Grammar

Voice is the relationship between the subject and the verb. There are two known voices in Dothraki:active and passive. Vocal auxiliary verbs indicate voice. The omission of a vocal auxiliary verb inDothraki indicates that the sentence is in the active voice, while adding nem indicates that thesentence is in the passive voice, and the optional agentive noun is indicated by the preposition kiin front of its genitive declension.

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Examples

• Anha adakhak alegre. (I eat the duck.)

• Alegra nem adakha ki anni. (The duck is eaten by me.)

The addition of “nemo” to a sentence indicates the reflexive. It is placed before the verb, and thesentence that it is in does not need an object.

• Anha nemo fejak. (I hate myself.)

Practice


(a) Gezrisi osta.


(a) The snake that was hunted by the warrior was cooked by me.

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Lesson 25

Creating New Adjectives

Vocabulary

Nouns

• ver: wolf [i]

• lekh: languge [i]

Verbs

• zorat: roar

• astolat: speak

Adjectives

• sandi: safe

Text

Khal lajakmen vos sandio. Me eth laja zhavvors. Zhavvorsa verven zora. Me laz vos astoo LekhDothraki.

Grammar

The suffixes -ven and -men are used to create new adjectives out of nouns. They correspond tothe English suffixes “-like” and “-less,” respectively.

Practice


(a) Khal eth sandie.


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(a) Wolves are doglike, but they are not safe.

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Lesson 26

Numbers 11-19

Vocabulary

Nouns

• kolver: eagle [a]

Verbs

• vekhat: be present, exist

• yolat: be born

• qoralat: seize

Adverbs

• ajjin: now

Prepositions

• ma: with

• oma: without

Text

Mek kolveri vekhi she feshith. Zhinda kolveri ovethi feshithaan. Mek ma zhinda atthi. Atthi kolverishe feshith ajjin.Fekhthi yalli yol she rhaesh kishi. Akat yalli nem qora ki kosi. Fekhthi oma akat mekthi. Mekthiyalli she rhaesh kishi ajjin.

Grammar

The numbers 11 to 19 in English are commonly known as the “teens,” hence the alternate namefor adolencent ages. Adding a “thi” at the end of a number from 1 to 9 is similar to adding 10 to

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the number or a “-teen” suffix at the end. Below are the numbers and their readings in Dothraki.Numeral English Dothraki

11 eleven atthi

12 twelve akatthi

13 thirteen senthi

14 fourteen torthi

15 fifteen mekthi

16 sixteen zhindathi

17 seventeen fekhthi

18 eighteen orithi

19 nineteen qazatthi

Practice


(a) Me khal qazatthiki.


(a) The warrior saw the fifteenth eagle under the tree.

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Lesson 27

Simple Nominalization and MannerAdverbs

Vocabulary

Adjectives

• manimven: anxious

• nithmen: painless

Verbs

• essalat: return

• layafat: be happy

Text

Anha azhak azh yallaan ki athzhilari. Yalli ficha azh anni ki athchomari.Yer ayoli ki athmanimvenari. Me essae ki athnithmenari. Yer lani maan ki athlayafari, majin yerithiri ki athlayafari.Mai anni asta anhaan ki athyofizari. Me yofie hajinaan me anha jolin hadaen ki athesinazari.

Grammar

Definition of Nominalization

Nominalization is the process of turning a word that is not a noun into a noun. In Dothraki,either adjectives or verbs can be turned into nouns. The newly turned nouns are then declined likeinanimate nouns.

How to Spot a Nominalized Word

All nominalized words begin with ath- and end with -ar. The letter z is added before the -ar onlywhen the root word ends with a vowel.

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Nominalizing Adjectives

In nominalized adjectives, the root word is the adjective.Ending -C -V imesh zheana

Nominalized ath–ar ath–zar athimeshar athzheanazar

Nominalizing Verbs

To nominalize verbs, first take the verb’s ending off to get the verb stem (do not apply epenthesisrules), and then nominalize the verb stem appropriately.

Ending -lat -at garvolat zhilat

Nominalized ath–zar ath–ar athgarvozar athzhilar

Practice


(a) Athostar jani onithmena.


(a) My fourth child survived with love.

(b) And they lived happily ever after.

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Lesson 28

Relative Clauses with Animate Nouns

Vocabulary

Nouns

• ifak: foreigner [a]

• chiorikem: wife [i]

Verbs

• vijazerat: protect

• kadat: capture

• donat: to shout

Text

Lajak fin laj zhavvors vezhvena. Kosi fini chomi khalaan vijazeri rizhis mae.Chiori fines zhil anha khaleesisaan. Kosi finis fejak anha kad mae.Rizh fini don anha hakees lan. Ifaki fini astak anha lekhes laz vos lajo.Khal finnaan azh ifak hadaen inde sewafikh. Rizhi finea chomak kosi eth chomi anhaan.Chiori finnoon vigererak anha chiorikem anni. Lajaki finoa yanqoe khal laj ifakis.

Grammar

Relative clauses with animate nouns are constructed the same way as those with inanimate nouns,except that fin is declined like a regular animate noun. However, its allative and ablative formsuse a geminate n, thus making them finnaan and finnoon. Below is the declension table.Nominative fin fini

Accusative fines finis

Genitive fini fini

Allative finnaan finea

Ablative finnoon finoa

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Practice


(a) Khal finnaan chomak anha thirak.


(a) The son whose name I know is famous.

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Lesson 29

Prepositions II: Front and Behind

Vocabulary

Verbs

• elat: go

• ildat: strike

Prepositions

• hatif: (w/ gen.) before, opposite, facing; (w/ all.) to front of; (w/ abl.) from front of

• irge: (w/ gen.) after, behind; (w/ all.) to behind; (w/ abl.) from behind

Text

Khaleesi ma jano hatif khali. Rizhi khali vee hatif khalaan, ma jano alana hatif khaloon.Lajaki irge zhavvorsi. Lajaki vilda irge zhavvorsaan ma alana irge zhavvorsoon.

Grammar

As stated in a previous lesson, prepositions convey different meanings depending on the cases ofthe nouns that follow them. In the case of hatif and irge, their meanings are very obvious oncetheir primary meanings are grasped.

For instance, if a noun in the allative case were to follow the preposition irge, the prepositionitself would mean “to front of.” (Remember that the allative case of a noun conveys that an actionis coming toward a noun.)

Practice

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Part III

Conversational Lessons

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Lesson 1

M’athchomaroon

Conversation

A: M’athchomaroon.B: M’athchomaroon.A: Fin hake yeri?B: Hake anni (name). Ma yer?A: Anha (name). Anha layafak shilolat yera.B: Anha layafak akka. Dothras chek.A: Dothras chek.

Breakdown

• The greeting phrase m’athchomaroon, or just m’ath for short, literally means “with re-spect.” Ma, meaning “with,” is contracted to a single letter, “m,” and is connected to thefollowing word.

• Like in other languages, there are multiple ways to state your name, either by saying whoyou are or what your name is.

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Lesson 2

Hash Yer Dothrae Chek?

Conversation

A: M’ath, zhey (name).B: M’ath, zhey (name). Hash yer dothrae chek asshekh?A: Sek, anha dothrak chek asshekh. Ma yer?B: Sek, anha dothrak chek akka.

Breakdown

• The phrase dothralat chek, literally meaning “to ride well,” is the Dothraki equivalent tothe English phrase “to do well.” Asking if someone “rides well” and answering the questionis similar to the Chinese ni hao ma? and wo hen hao, except that, unlike in Chinese, thereare words for “yes” (sek) and “no” (vos).

• No words of thanks are exchanged as there is no word for “thank you” in Dothraki. However,the phrase kirimvose, derived from the Valyrian word, can be used instead.

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Lesson 3

Aena Vezhvena

Conversation

Rhaego: Aena vezhvena, zhey Drogo.Drogo: Aena vezhvena, zhey Rhaego.Rhaego: Hash yer remek chek?Drogo: Sek, anha remek chek. Ma yer?Rhaego: Sek, vosma anha zin haqak.Drogo: Hash yer zali indelat koffi?Rhaego: Sek, indelates koffi.

Breakdown

• To wish someone a happy or good occassion, the Dothraki use the adjective vezhven afterthe word for the occassion. In this instance, aena vezhvena would be “good morning.”

• In the morning, it is better to ask if someone has slept well, hence the phrase remekat chek.

• In modern western-influenced times, coffee has become an orthodox alternative to traditionalDothraki morning cuisine. There is no native Dothraki word for “coffee,” thus koffi is usedinstead.

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Part IV

Appendix

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Appendix 1

Grammar Reference

1.1 Nouns

1.1.1 Declension Table

Type An -C An -VIn -C In -V In -CCV

Case S P S P

Nominative – -i – -si – – –

Accusative -es -is -es -es – + -CC

Genitive -i -i -si -si -i +i -CCi

Allative -aan -ea -saan -sea -aan +aan -CCaan

Ablative -oon -oa -soon -soa -oon +oon -CCoon

Noun rizh kodranekh jano yalli

Case S P S P

Nominative rizh rizhi ko kosi dranekh jano yalli

Accusative rizhes rizhis koes koes dranekh jan yal

Genitive rizhi rizhi kosi kosi dranekhi jani yalli

Allative rizhaan rizhea kosaan kosea dranekhaan janaan yallaan

Ablative rizhoon rizhoa kosoon kosoa dranekhoon janoon yalloon

1.1.2 Personal Pronoun Declension Table

Case 1S 1P 2S 2P 3S 3P

Nominative anha kisha yer yeri me mori

Accusative anna kisha yera yeri mae mora

Genitive anni kishi yeri yeri mae mori

Allative anhaan kishaan yeraan yerea maan morea

Ablative anhoon kishoon yeroon yeroa moon moroa

1.1.3 Demonstrative Pronoun Declension

Demonstrative pronouns (jin, haz, rek) decline like regular nouns when they are used to refer toan object. When used to refer to an animate object or objects, they decline like animate nouns.When used to refer to an inanimate object, they decline like inanimate nouns. I have thus notincluded a table.

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1.1.4 Relative Pronoun Declension Table

Animate Singular Animate Plural Inanimate

Nominative fin fini fini

Accusative fines finis fin

Genitive fini fini fini

Allative finnaan finea finaan

Ablative finnoon finoa finoon

1.1.5 Interrogative Pronoun Declension Table

Animate Singular Animate Plural Inanimate

Nominative fin fini fini

Accusative fines finis fin

Genitive fini fini fini

Allative finaan finea finaan

Ablative finoon finoa finoon

1.2 Verbs

1.2.1 Conjugation Table

Form P +/-davralat astat

S P S P

Present

1+ anha davrak kisha davraki anha astak kisha astaki- anha vos davrok kisha vos davroki anha vos astok kisha vos astoki

2+ yer davrae yeri davrae yer asti yeri asti- yer vos davrao yeri vos davrao yer vos asti yeri vos asti

3+ me davrae mori davrae me asta mori asti- me vos davrao mori vos davrao me vos asto mori vos asti

Past

1+ anha davra kisha davrash anha ast kisha astish- anha vos davro kisha vos davrosh anha vos asto kisha vos astosh

2+ yer davra yeri davrash yer ast yeri astish- yer vos davro yeri vos davrosh yer vos asto yeri vos astosh

3+ me davra mori davrash me ast mori astish- me vos davro mori vos davrosh me vos asto mori vos astosh

Future

1+ anha adavrak kisha adavraki anha vastak kisha vastaki- anha vos odavrok kisha vos odavroki anha vos vastok kisha vos vastoki

2+ yer adavrae yeri adavrae yer vasti yeri vasti- yer vos odavrao yeri vos odavrao yer vos vasti yeri vos vasti

3+ me adavrae mori adavrae me vasta mori vasti- me vos odavrao mori vos odavrao me vos vasto mori vos vasti

Imperative+ davras astas- vo davros vo astos

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1.3 Adjectives

1.3.1 Degree of Comparison Table

imesh zheana

Degree + - + -

Basic imesh osimesh zheana ozheana

More/Less asimeshan osimeshan azheanan ozheanan

Most/Least asimeshanaz osimeshanoz azheananaz ozheananoz

1.4 Prepositions

Nominative Accusative Genitive Allative Ablative

ha for from

haji because of

hatiffacing to front of from front of

opposite to, before to before from before

irge after to behind from behind

ki by, because of

ma with

mra within into out of

oleth over, above

qisi about, concerning

she on, upon, in onto off of

torga under

vi through, along

yomme across in spite of

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Appendix 2

Dictionary of Vocabulary

Dothraki-English

A

acchakat: be quietadakhat: eatajjin: nowakka: also

alegra: duckammemat: play (mu-sical instrument)anha: I

arakh: curved swordasavva: skyastat: speakastolat: speak

ave: fatheravvirsalat: burnazhat: giveazho: gift

Ch

chiori: woman chiorikem: wife chomat: respect chongat: be hard

D

daeni: leafdahaan: greendavra: good, useful

davralat: be usefuldik: fastdis: simple, plain

donat: shoutdothralat: ridedranekh: human milk

E

emat: smileerin: kind

esina: differentessalat: return

eshina: ducketh: must

ezhirat: dance

F

fejat: hate feso: carrot feshith: tree fonat: hunt

G

garvolat: hunger gezri: snake

H

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hadaen: foodhaj: strong

hajinaan me: be-cause

hake: namehrakkar: lion

I

ifat: walk imesh: young indelat: drink ish: might

J

jano: dog jif : should jolinat: cook

K

kadat: capturekash: whilekemat: marry

kimikh: date (fruit)kisha: weko: guard

kolver: eaglekrazaaj: mountain

Kh

khal: king khaleesi: queen

L

lajak: warriorlajat: fightlakkhat: chew

lamekh: mare’s milklanat: runlaqat: cry

layafat: be happylaz: can, couldlekh: language

lekhi: tastelostat: disappoint,miss (fail to see)

M

ma: andmai: mother

manimven: anxiousme: he, she, it

mori: they

N

nakhok: last navakh: urine nesolat: learn nithmen: painless

O

oleth: over, aboveoma: without

osoleth: bridgeostat: bite

ovethat: fly

Q

qoralat: seize qoy: blood

R

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rea: organreaven: purple

rhaesh: land, countryrhaesheser: world

rhoa: beast, animalrizh: son

S

sandi: safesathomakh: orange(fruit)

sathomakhven: or-ange (color)sek: yes

sewafikh: winesikhtelat: spitsilokh: tomorrow

simonof : grandfathersorfo: dirt

Sh

shilolat: meet

T

tih: eyetihat: see

toki: dumbtolorro: bone

torga: under

Th

thelis: blue thirat: live

V

vado: turnipvekhat: be present,existveltor: yellowver: wolf

verat: travelvezhven: greatvichomer: respectfulvigererat: to missvil: manage to

virzeth: redvirzetha: red winevishiya: colorvorsa: firevos: no, not

vosi: nothingvosma: but

Y

yalli: childyanqolat: gather

yer: youyeri: you (plural)

yolat: be born

Z

zafra: slave zorat: to roar

Zh

zhavvorsa: dragonzheana: beautiful

zhey: (vocative parti-cle)

zhilat: lovezhokwa: big

English-Dothraki

A

72

able to: laz also: akka and: ma animal: rhoa

B

be happy: layafatbe hard: chongatbe quiet: acchakat

beast: rhoabeautiful: zheanaebig: zhokwa

bone: tolorrobridge: osolethburn: avvirsalat

but: vosmaby: ki

C

can: lazcapture: kadatcarrot: feso

chew: lakkhatchild: yallicolor: vishiya

cook: jolinatcould: lazcountry: rhaesh

curved sword: arakh

D

dance: ezhiratdate (fruit): kimikhdifferent: esina

dirt: sorfodisappoint: lostatdog: jano

dragon: zhavvorsadrink: indelatduck: alegra

dumb: toki

E

eagle: kolver eat: adakhat

F

famous: hakesofather: ave

fight: lajatfire: vorsa

fish: eshinafly: ovethat

food: hadaen

G

gather: yanqolatgift: azho

give: azhatgood: davra

grandfather: simonofgreat: vezhven

green: dahaanguard: ko

H

hate: fejathe: me

human milk:dranekh

hunt: fonat

I

I: anha it: me

J

K

73

kind: erin king: khal

L

land: rhaeshlanguage: lekhlast: nakhok

leaf : daenileap: vrelatlearn: nesolat

lion: hrakkarlive: thiratlove: zhilat

M

manage to: vilmare’s milk: lamekhmarry: kemat

meet: shilolatmight: ishmiss: lostat (fail to

see), vigererat (longfor)mother: mai

mountain: krazaajmust: eth

N

never: vossechino: vos

not: vosnothing: vosi

now: ajjin

O

organ: rea over: oleth

P

painless: nithmenplain: dis

play: ammemat (mu-sical instrument)

purple: reaven

Q

queen: khaleesi

R

red: virzethrespectful: vichomer

return: essalatrun: lanat

S

safe: sandiseize: qoralatshout: donat

simple: disslave: zafrason: rizh

speak: astat, astolatspit: sikhtelatsurvive: thirolat

T

74

taste: lekhithey: mori

tomorrow: silokhtravel: verat

turnip: vado

U

urine: navakh

V

W

warrior: lajakwe: kisha

while: kashwife: chiorikem

wine: sewafikhwolf : ver

woman: chiori

X

Y

yellow: veltoryes: sek

you: yer (singular),yeri (plural)

young: imesh

Z

75

lekh dothraki - weebly · therefore, the declension of a noun must be memorized right away....

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