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MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.001 Introduction to Geology Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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Page 1: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu

12.001 Introduction to GeologySpring 2008

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

Page 2: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Zones of solar radiation and atmospheric convection

W. W. Norton

Subtropical deserts: Air is dried before it leaves the equator

Subtropical deserts: Air is dried before it leaves the equator

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

Page 3: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Desert Weathering is Characterized By:

• a dominance of physical weathering

• minimal chemical weathering, consisting mainly of oxidation of mafic minerals

• formation of desert varnish:desert varnish: a weathering veneer formed of a mixture of clays and smaller amounts of iron and manganese oxides.

Page 4: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

The rate of sand The rate of sand transported by transported by wind increases wind increases

exponentially with exponentially with wind speedwind speed

Sand movement

Page 5: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Dust and smog

Image courtesy of NOAA.

Page 6: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Yardangs, Mars

NASA/JPL

Page 7: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Yardangs, Mars

NASA/JPL

Page 8: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

JPL/NASA

Page 9: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Gobi: Flaming cliffs of Bayanzag

Roy Chapman Andrews, director of the American Museum of Natural History, explored Mongolia and was the first person to find fossilized dinosaur eggs (Oviraptor), near this site, on July 13, 1933.

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.

Page 10: Essentials of Geology - Massachusetts Institute of Technologydspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/73639/12-001... · 2019-09-12 · Essentials of Geology Author: S O'Brien Created

Columbia Hills, Mars

Image courtesy of NASA.