reactiv powder concrete - reviewed 230113

8/12/2019 Reactiv Powder Concrete - Reviewed 230113

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE

Dr (Prof) M V Seshagiri Rao1, Dr S Lavanya Prabha 2, Dr M Neelamegam 3, V Srinivasa Reddy 1

1 Dear!men! of "ivil #ngineering, $N%&' "ollege of #ngineering, 'yderabad,#mail raovsmed*ri+yahoo-om

2Dear!men! of "ivil #ngineering, #as.ari #ngineering "ollege, "hennai3 /ormerly Dire-!or 0rS-ien!is!, S#R", "hennai

Abstract: 'is!ori-ally, -on-re!e and -emen!based -omosi!e ma!erials have been

in-orora!ed in!o s!r*-!*res as -omressiononly sys!ems Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e (RP")

!rans-ends !his !radi!ional limi!a!ion and brings a ne. aroa-h !o res!ressed -on-re!e design

be-a*se i! -an be *sed !o resis! all b*! dire-! rimary !ensile s!resses %his elimina!es !he need

for shear and o!her a*iliary reinfor-ing s!eel in re-as! members, .hi-h res*l!s in -os!

red*-!ion for !he i!ems !hemselves b*!, more imor!an!, for !he labor !hey *s*ally genera!e

Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e is a high s!reng!h d*-!ile -omosi!e ma!erial form*la!ed from a

se-ial -ombina!ion of -ons!i!*en! ma!erials s*-h as Por!land -emen!, sili-a f*me, *ar!4o.der, fine sili-a, highrange .a!er red*-er, very lo. .a!er -emen! ra!io and s!eel fibres

%he resear-h reor!ed in !his aer, develomen! of Rea-!ive o.der -on-re!e(RP"), an

*l!rahigherforman-e -on-re!e, &l!ra 'igh Performan-e "on-re!e (&'P"), !hro*gh mi-ro

s!r*-!*ral enhan-emen! !e-hni*es is resen!ed along .i!h s*i!abili!y s*i!able eval*a!ion

s!*dies for refabri-a!ed s!r*-!*res ese-ially angle se-!ions %he o!imi4a!ion of gran*lar

a-5ing of !he ingredien!s li5e sili-a f*me, *ar!4 o.der, and s!andard sand .i!h -emen!

.as an imor!an! fa-!or for ge!!ing enhan-ed me-hani-al and d*rabili!y roer!ies of RP"

6*ar!4 sand is *sed ins!ead of ordinary aggrega!e .hi-h in-reases !he -omressive s!reng!h

7! .as fo*nd !ha! !he sele-!ion of ingredien!s and -*ring regime lays a ma8or role in !he

enhan-ed erforman-e of &'P" 9 mi roor!ion has been develoed by o!imi4ing !he

vol*me of ingredien!s and .i!h aroria!e -*ring regime !o rod*-e *l!ra high s!reng!h

-on-re!e of 1:3MPa -*red a! :;o" %he dominan! role of !he -*ring regime on !he

erforman-e of rea-!ive o.der -on-re!e .as highligh!ed in !his resen! s!*dy %his aerrevie.s !he available li!era!*re on RP", and also resen!s !he res*l! of labora!ory

inves!iga!ion -omaring RP")) develoed in mid 1::;?s by @o*yg*esA labora!ory in /ran-e and !he .orld?s

firs! RP" s!r*-!*re, !he Sherbroo5e @ridge in "anada, .as -ons!r*-!ed in $*ly 1::B %he

resear-h -arried o*! in differen! -o*n!ries sho.s !ha! RP" .i!h a -omressive s!reng!h * !o2;; MPa -an be develoed *sing s!eel fibres and -an be imroved f*r!her * !o C;; MPa

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*sing s!eel elle!s (Ri-hard and "heyre4y (1::=)) %he fle*ral s!reng!h of RP" elemen!s are

is of !he order of C; MPa and !hese elemen!s -an be *sed for s!r*-!*ral ali-a!ions ins!ead of

s!eel %he ma!erial ehibi!s high d*-!ili!y .i!h !yi-al val*es for energy absor!ion

aroa-hing !hose reserved for me!als %he advan-e me-hani-al and hysi-al roer!ies of

RP" are ob!ained by o!imi4ing a-5ing densi!y of -on-re!e mi!*re .i!h re-ise grada!ion

of all mi ar!i-les, and by *sing highly refined sili-a f*me !o imrove !he mi-ros!r*-!*re ofhydra!ed -emen! as!es !hro*gh !he o44olani- rea-!ion (Ri-hard, 1::=, 0raybeal, 2;;2)1E

"# REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE $RPC%

Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e (RP") is a ne. family of high s!reng!h -emen! based

-omosi!es !ha! a-hieves high levels of -omressive s!reng!h from a se-ial -ombina!ion of

-ons!i!*en! ma!erials %he -omosi!ion of rea-!ive o.der -on-re!e in-l*des -emen!

(ordinary Por!land -emen!), fine sand, sili-a f*me, *ar!4 o.der, and high !ensile s!eel

fibres Rea-!ive o.der -on-re!e has enhan-ed me-hani-al and d*rabili!y roer!ies d*e !o

mi-ros!r*-!*ral engineering aroa-h in-l*ding elimina!ion of !he -oarse aggrega!es,

red*-!ion of !he .a!er!o-emen!i!io*s ma!erial, lo.ering of !he "aFGSiF2 ra!io byin!rod*-ing !he rea-!ive sili-a -omonen!s, and in-orora!ion of s!eel fibre reinfor-emen!

%he absen-e of -oarse aggrega!e, -on!rib*!ing for red*-!ion in !he he!erogenei!y be!.een !he

-emen! ma!ri and !he aggrega!e, is !he 5eyase-! for !he a-5ed mi-ros!r*-!*re and !he

erforman-e of !he RP"d*e !o, leading !ha! led !o higher densi!y, grea!er s!reng!h and lo.

ermeabili!y

7n a !yi-al RP" mi roor!ioning, in order !o enhan-e !he homogenei!y and

o!imi4e !he densi!y of -on-re!e gran*lar mi!*re(HH), !he -oarse aggrega!es of *sed in

-onven!ional -on-re!e are !o!ally elimina!ed s*-h !ha! ne-essi!a!ing !o s*bs!an!ially in-rease

!he amo*n!s *an!i!ies of fine aggrega!e, Frdinary Por!land -emen! and sili-a f*me need !o

be s*bs!an!ially in-reased Ia!er -emen! ra!io *sed in RP" ranges from ;1= !o ;2= %his

-on-re!e has a very high -omressive s!reng!h e-eeding 2;; MPa .hi-h -an be imroved

f*r!her * !o C;;MPa by in!rod*-ing s!eel elle!s %o rod*-e a very high -omressive

s!reng!h of RP", ali-a!ions of ress*re before and d*ring se!!ing and hea!!rea!ing

!rea!men! af!er se!!ing are normally re*ired %he reinfor-ing effe-! of s!eel fibres is

ese-ially -ri!i-al !o !he me-hani-al roer!ies of RP" *nder !ension

%his ne. family of -on-re!e has imroved d*-!ile behavior .i!h a fle*ral s!reng!h of

2=MPa !o >;MPa %hese high erforman-es are d*e !o !he imroved mi-ros!r*-!*re

roer!ies and highly dis-on!in*o*s ore s!r*-!*re 9lso, !he !o*ghness inde of !his -on-re!e

is high .hen -omared .i!h !o !ha! of !he ordinary -onfined -on-re!e (is i! -onven!ional-on-re!eHH) %here is almos! no -arbona!ion and -hloride ion ene!ra!ion and near 4ero

s*lha!e a!!a-5 Moreover !he resis!an-e !o abrasion is near !o ro-5 %here is also no

shrin5age or -ree, .hi-h ma5es !he ma!erial very s*i!able for ali-a!ion in res!ressed and

refabri-a!ed s!r*-!*res %he high s!reng!h and easiness !o rod*-e *sing -*s!omary ind*s!rial

!ool by -as!ing in8e-!ion, and e!r*sion ma5es i! s*i!able for refabri-a!ed s!r*-!*ral

ali-a!ions

"hara-!eri4a!ion of ma!erials *sed in RP" has rogressed !o s*-h an e!en! !ha! !he

*se of RP" in f*ll s-ale s!r*-!*res is dis!in-!ly visible in near f*!*re Many resear-hers

aro*nd !he .orld have develoed RP"s !ha! -o*ld be -lassified, as &l!ra 'igh Performan-e

"on-re!e (&'P") %his !e-hnology of rod*-ing RP" is -overed in one of many a!en!s in!he range of &'P" 5no.n as JD*-!alK Ii!h rese-! !o !he me-hani-al behavior, &'P" .i!h

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fibres sho.s d*-!ile behavior *nder -omression as .ell as in !ension, deending on !he !ye

and *an!i!y of fibres -on!ained in !he mi @y in!rod*-ing fine s!eel fibres, !hey -an ehibi!

remar5able s!reng!hs and energy absor!ions Very fe. s!*dies are done on !he role of fibre

addi!ion on !he -omressive and fle*ral s!reng!hs of RP", so more inves!iga!ions are needed

!o *nders!and and se! o!im*m limi!s on !he fibre -on!en! %he s!*dy is aimed a! iden!ifying

and o!imi4ing !he salien! arame!ers !ha! infl*en-ed .o*ld infl*en-e !he mi roor!ions of!he Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e and i!s -*ring me!hods

9lso, s!*dy of vario*s me-hani-al roer!ies of RP" is -arried o*! !o find !he

feasibili!y of *sing RP" as s!r*-!*ral -omonen!s s*-h as angle se-!ions D*e !o advan!age of

!he s*er ma!erial roer!ies, RP" has been alied !o many real -ons!r*-!ions .here !he

s*bs!an!ial .eigh! savings of s!r*-!*re -an be are-ia!ed and .here i!s dis!ing*ished fea!*res

of ma!erial roer!y -an be f*lly *!ili4ed (9deline "heyre4y 1::C, #!inne e! al 2;;1,

Reben!ros! "avill 2;;)CE@e-a*se !he leas! -os!ly -omonen!s of -onven!ional -on-re!e

have been rela-ed by more eensive ingredien!s, in-l*ding !he s!eel fiber, and !he re*ired

addi!ion of s!eel fiber in order .hi-h is *sed !o in-rease !he !ensile s!reng!h, !he -os! of RP"

is es!ima!ed !o be = !o 1; !imes higher !han !ha! of !radi!ional 'ighPerforman-e "on-re!e 9sa res*l!, a -os!effe-!ive ali-a!ion of RP" is *sed for -on-re!e reair and re!rofi! (Lee e! al

2;;B)E%he fine sand *sed in RP" be-omes e*ivalen! !o !he -o*rse -oarse aggrega!e of

-onven!ional -on-re!e, !he Por!land -emen! fills !a5es !he role of !he fine aggrega!e and !he

sili-a f*me !ha! of !he -emen!, in !he -on!e! of sa!ial o--*a!ion, b*! -er!ainly no! in !erms

of -emen!i!io*s -hara-!eris!i-s %he mineral -omonen! o!imi4a!ion alone res*l!s in a

s*bs!an!ial in-rease in -os! over and above !ha! of -onven!ional -on-re!e

"1 PROPERTIES OF RPC

1 "omressive S!reng!h 'igher -omressive s!reng!h !han 'igh Performan-e -on-re!e

Maim*m -omressive s!reng!h of RP" is aroima!ely 2;;MPa

2 %ensile S!reng!h 2; !o =; MPa, !.i-e as s!rong as normal -on-re!e

3 /le*ral S!reng!h RP" ossesses high fle*ral s!reng!h (nearly1;; MPa) !han in

-omarison !o 'P" @y in!rod*-ing s!eel fibres, RP" -an a-hieve high fle*ral

s!reng!h

> Resis!an-e !o "hloride 7on Pene!ra!ion 'ea! -*red RP" sho. high resis!an-e !han

normal -*red RP"

= 'omogenei!y 7mroved by elimina!ing all -oarse aggrega!es %he maim*m ar!i-le

si4e of !he dry RP" -omonen!s is less !han ;; m Dry -omonen!s for *se in

RP" are less !han ;; m

'igh "oma-!ness D*e !o ali-a!ion of ress*re before and d*ring -on-re!e se!!ingeriod

B Dense Mi-ros!r*-!*re Mi-ros!r*-!*re of !he -emen! hydra!e -an be -hanged by

alying hea! !rea!men! d*ring -*ring

C 'igh Degree of D*-!ili!y Ma!erial d*-!ili!y -an be imroved !hro*gh !he addi!ion of

shor! s!eel fibres

: 'igh Oo*ng?s Mod*l*s 9bo*! =; !o B= 0Pa

1; 9lmos! no Shrin5age or "ree, Ligh! .eigh! and Long Life

11 Po!en!ial rela-emen! !o S!eel

"" &ENEFITS OF RPC

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1 7! has !he o!en!ial !o s!r*-!*rally -ome!e .i!h s!eel 9ll s!eel elemen!s in a s!r*-!*re

-an be rela-ed by RP" elemen!s for i!s s*erior me-hani-al and d*rabili!y

-hara-!eris!i-s

2 S*erior s!reng!h -ombined .i!h higher shear -aa-i!y res*l! in signifi-an! dead load

red*-!ion

3 Ii!h i!s d*-!ile !ension fail*re me-hanism, RP" -an be *sed !o resis! all b*! dire-!rimary !ensile s!resses %his elimina!es !he need for s*lemen!al shear and o!her

a*iliary reinfor-ing s!eel

> RP" rovides imroved seismi- erforman-e by red*-ing iner!ia loads .i!h ligh!er

members, allo.ing larger defle-!ions .i!h red*-ed -ross se-!ions, and roviding

higher energy absor!ion

= Lo. nonin!er-onne-!ed orosi!y diminishes mass !ransfer, ma5ing ene!ra!ion of

li*id


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6inghai%ibe! Rail.ay Sha.nessy Ligh! Rail %ransi! S!a!ion

in 7o.a (2;;>) &S

"omarison of beam -ross se-!ions of e*al momen! -aa-i!y

'# E(PERIMENTAL PRO)RAMME

%his aer resen!s !he s*i!abili!y eval*a!ion s!*dies on Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e for

refabri-a!ed s!r*-!*res ese-ially angle se-!ions %he resen! s!*dy in-l*des !hree

eerimen!al hases

1 %he firs! eerimen!al hase in-l*des Design of RP" mies and de!ermining of

-omressive, !ensile and fle*ral behavior of RP"

2 %he se-ond hase in-l*des !es!ing of RP" angle se-!ions in -omression and fle*re

Many of !he !es!s in !his hase .ere -arried o*! a--ording !o 9S%M s!andard !es!

ro-ed*res

3 %he !hird hase is !es!ing of bol!ed la!e se-!ion for de!ermining !he edge dis!an-e !obe *sed in !he bol!ed -onne-!ion

=


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'1 MATERIALS !SED

%he ma!erials *sed in !he resen! inves!iga!ion are lis!ed belo.

1 Frdinary Por!land -emen! of =3 grade -onfirming !o 7S 122: .as *sed for !he s!*dy2 %he sili-a f*me *sed in !his s!*dy had a @laine?s fineness of 2;m2Q sili-on dioide .hile !he *ar!4 o.der -on!ained mos!ly sili-on

dioide(2=Q by .eigh!)

3 6*ar!4 o.der

> S!andard #nnore Sand -onforming !o 7S 3C3 1:B;

= %he maim*m and nominal si4e of aggrega!es *sed for RP" is 23mm rese-!ively

%he ma!erial having !he larges! ar!i-le si4e in RP" is sand

@ased on si4e of aggrega!es, !.o leng!hs of mi-ro s!eel fibres .ere *sed mm, and

13mm mi-ros!eel fibres (for RP") and diame!er ;1mm having !ensile s!reng!h of

2;;;MPa(%able 2)(2=1;Q by vol*me for !o*ghening)

B #ven!*ally !he .or5abili!y .as -on!rolled a-hieved *sing ade*a!e *an!i!ies of !hirdgenera!ion oly-arboyli- based s*erlas!i-i4ers (Polya-ryli- es!er !ye)

C "*red in s!eam ba!h for >C hrs + :;" af!er ini!ial se! and la-ed *nder ress*re a!

!he molding s!age

%he hysi-al roer!ies of !he ma!erials are sho.n in %able 1

"" RPC MI( PROPORTIONS

%he s!andard mi roor!ion and *an!i!y of ma!erials er -*bi- me!re of rea-!ive o.der

-on-re!e mi form*la!ion as sho.n in %able 3 and >, develoed a! "S7RS#R" "hennai, .as

ado!ed 9 'obar! Plane!ary mier ma-hine (1; 5g -aa-i!y) .as *sed !o mi !he RP" 7n

-ase of RP" mi!*res .i!h fibres, af!er all !he o.der ingredien!s .ere mied !horo*ghly

.i!h .a!er along .i!h s*er las!i-i4er (SP) and .hen flo.able -onsis!en-y .as a-hieved,

!he fibres .ere added !o !he miing bo.l slo.ly "are .as !a5en !o ens*re random

dis!rib*!ion of fibres

Tab*e 1: P+ys,ca* Pro-ert,es o. t+e Mater,a*s

Sl

NoMa!erials &sed Symbol Proer!ies

1 "emen! "FP" =3 0rade S0 T 31= S" T 2CQ

7S% T 11; min /S% T 2; min "S T =C MPa a! 2C days

2 Sili-a /*me S/ S0 T 22= Q Passing !hro*gh >=m sieve in IS9T:2 Q3 6*ar!4 Po.der 6 S0 T 2=: Q Passing !hro*gh >=m sieve in IS9TB= Q

> #nnore Sand S0 T 23

= S*er Plas!i-i4er SP Polya-ryli- es!er based

Mi-ros!eel

fibresS%/ LT and 13 mm .i!h DT;1mm

FP" G Frdinary Por!land -emen!, S0 G Se-ifi- 0ravi!y, "S G "*be S!reng!h, PSR G Par!i-le

si4e range, S" G S!andard "onsis!en-y, IS9 G Ie! sieve analysis of aggrega!es, L G Leng!h,

D G Diame!er, 7S% /S% 7ni!ial and /inal se!!ing !imes

Tab*e ": Pro-ert,es o. stee* .,bres


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%ye of fibresDimension of fibre S!reng!h

L(mm) D(mm) MPa

"arbon S!raigh! Mi-roS!eel /ibres

;1 2;;;13

Tab*e ': Sta/dard M,0 Pro-ort,o/s .or React,e Powder Co/crete

Mi

Proor!ions

S/ " 6 /9 . 11 ;22 3 ;2 (2Q by vol)

6*an!i!y of Ma!erials < m3of -on-re!e

S/ " 6 Sand . BBB 311 C== 1B1 2: 1;

S/ G Sili-a /*me, " G "emen! 6 G 6*ar!4, /9 G /ine 9ggrega!e, I G Ia!er, SP G S*er

Plas!i-i4er , S%/ S!eel /ibre

Tab*e 2: M,0t3re -ro-ort,o/s

"9 /9, -oarse and /ine aggrega!e, I G Ia!er, SP G S*erlas!i-i4ers (*an!i!y of SP is

reresen!ed in er-en!age by .eigh! of -emen!i!io*s ma!erial), S/ G S!eel fibres (*an!i!y of

S/ is reresen!ed in er-en!age by vol*me of !he !o!al mi!*re

'' C!RIN) RE)IME

%he -*ring ro!o-ol ado!ed is indi-a!ed in /ig 1(a) and is !he o*!-ome of a s!*dy of

differen! -ombina!ions of normal .a!er -*ring, ho! .a!er -*ring and high !emera!*re -*ring

9f!er 1; days of differen! regimes of -*ring, !he se-imens .ere -*red in .a!er *n!il !he!es!ing

9%"9mbien! !emera!*re, NI"Normal .a!er -*ring, RF' Ra!e of hea!ing, 'I"'o!

Ia!er "*ring, '9"'o! 9ir "*ring, RF"Ra!e of -*ring-ooling, DF%Da!e of %es!ing

Mi 7D /ibre Leng!hMi roor!ions of RP"

" S 6 /9 I SP Q S/ Q

RP" 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 1=

RP" 1Q mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 12 1

RP" 2Q mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 22= 2

RP" 3Q mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;2; 2= 3

RP" 1Q 13mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 12 1

RP" 2Q 13mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 22= 2

RP" 3Q 13mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;2; 2= 3

RP" 1QU1Q mmU13mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;1B 22= 2RP" 1QU2Q mmU13mm 1 ;2= ;> 11 ;2; 2= 3

B


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F,4 1$a%: C3r,/4 Re4,5e .or RPC

,% Nor5a* water c3r,/4 ,,% 6ot water c3r,/4 7 8##C ,,,% 6ot a,r c3r,/4 7"###CF,4 1$b%: E93,-5e/ts !sed For D,..ere/t C3r,/4 Re4,5es

2# PREPERATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

21 Pre-arat,o/ o. Co5-ress,o/ S-ec,5e/s

%he RP" -ylinders of 1;;mm diame!er and 2;;mm heigh! .ere -as! .i!h vario*s fibre

-on!en! and -ombina!ions as sho.n in %able = 9ll !he se-imens .ere s*b8e-!ed !o !he

-*ring regimes as se-ified and reared for !he !es! %his eerimen! .as -arried o*!, !o

observe !he imrovemen! in -omressive behavior of !he RP" on addi!ion of differen!

vol*mes of mm and 13mm fibres S!resss!rain behavio*r for se-imens .i!h differen! fibre

-on!en! is s!*died %he addi!ion of fibres -a*sed a -onsiderable -on!rib*!ion !o d*-!ili!y

"omressive s!reng!hs of RP" se-imens .i!h vario*s fibre -on!en! are sho.n in %able =

2" Pre-arat,o/ o. Te/s,o/ S-ec,5e/

%he mos! -ommonly *sed se-imen geome!ri-s for !es!ing of &'P" (&l!ra 'igh Performan-e

"on-re!e) behavior *nder !ension .ere so-alled d*mbbell risms %he shae of s*-h risms

avoids fail*re in !he area of bond in!rod*-!ion in !he se-imen, .hi-h o!her.ise o--*rs d*e !o

an *navoidable m*l!iaial s!ress s!a!e and = B C : 1;

"*ring Period (days%

%e

mera!*

re(")

ATC NWC

RO6: 2 +rs

RO6: 1 +r

6WC

6ACROC: 1 +r

NWC t,** DOT

C


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F,4 ": Te/s,o/ S-ec,5e/ w,t+ E/d )r,-s F,4 ': &ea5 S-ec,5e/ Sc+e5at,c D,a4ra5

2' Pre-arat,o/ o. F*e03re a/d s+ear S-ec,5e/

RP" beams of si4e B; B; 3=; mm .i!h differen! leng!hs of fibres l ho*rs of !he se-ified -*ring

regimes, " -*red se-imens .ere -*! !o !he re*ired dimensions *sing -on-re!e -*!!ing

ma-hine 'oles .ere drilled *sing -on-re!e drilling ma-hine a! 1=d, 2=d and 3=d from !he

edge of la!es (d diame!er of !he bol! hole)

2; Pre-arat,o/ o. RPC A/4*e S-ec,5e/a

/or -as!ing !he RP" angles .i!h !he differen! vol*mes of fibre -on!en!, a se-ial devi-e .as

designed and fabri-a!ed &sing !he se-ial mo*ld angle se-!ions of C;mm C;mm 1;mm

angle se-!ions .ere -as! for 1m leng!h %hen !he angle se-!ions .ere -*! !o differen! heigh!s

or leng!hs !o -ond*-! !he fle*re and -omression !es!s Ii!h !his mo*ld one -an -as! angle

se-!ions of !hi-5ness =mm, mm, Cmm, 1;mm, 12mm, 1>mm, 1mm and 2;mm

:


10/14

F,4 2: A/4*e cast,/4 5o3*d .or RPC

;# TEST RES!LTS AND DISC!SSIONS

Tab*e ;: Co5-ar,so/ o. co5-ress,e stre/4t+s .or ar,o3s dosa4es o. RPC

SlNo Mi %ye /ibre -on!en! "omressive S!reng!h (MPa)

1 "" ; >:>

2 'P" ; C;

3 RP" ; 1;=;

> RP" 1Q mm 122B

= RP" 2Q mm 1>=C RP" 3Q mm 11C

B RP" 1Q13mm 13:

C RP" 2Q 13mm 1B13

: RP" 2QmmU1Q13mm 1=1

1; RP" 2Q 13mmU1Q mm 1=3

Tab*e


11/14

Tab*e : Co5-ress,e Stress o. ar,o3s Str3ct3ra* co5-o/e/ts

Sl

No

Se-!ions

%ye

Vol*me of/ibre(Q) 'eigh!

(mm)

Larges!

Dimension

(mm)

&l!ima!e"omressive

S!ress

(MPa)mm 13mm

1Re-!ang*lar

Se-!ion1Q 1=; B; 1>;C;

2Q 1=; B; 1>>B>

2 7 Se-!ion 1Q 1:3 1;; 1;=1B

3 2Q 1:= 1;; 12:32

> 3Q 1:= 1;; 1>13;

= "hannel Se-!ion 1Q 2;; 1;; :2B:

9ngle Se-!ion 1Q 2;; C; 1;333

B 2Q 2;; C; 12>3

C 3Q 2;; C; 1>B

: 1Q 2;; C; 1>33

1; 2Q 2;; C; 1=333

11 1Q 1Q 2;; C; 122B

12 1Q 2Q 2;; C; 1=B

%he average !arge! -omressive s!reng!h of RP" .as 1B13 MPa .i!h 2Q 13mm long

fibres, .hi-h are very -lose !o !he aimed, !arge! s!reng!h 9s seen from !he %able =, !he RP"

mies sho.ed 112 !o 2>CQ higher -omressive s!reng!h -omared !o Normal "on-re!e%he -omressive s!reng!h generally in-reased .i!h in-rease in fibre -on!en! in -ase of RP"

mies .i!h mm fibres and 13 mm fibres %he highes! -omressive s!reng!h of 1B13 MPa

.as re-orded for 2Q 13 mm fibres 'o.ever, .hen fibre -ombina!ions of mm and 13 mm

fibre .ere *sed, !here .as a red*-!ion in -omressive s!reng!h -omared !o highes!

-omressive s!reng!h ob!ained for single si4e fibres %his -o*ld be a!!rib*!ed !o !he red*-ed

.or5abili!y and lo.er -oma-!ion densi!y a-hieved %herefore 3Q of mm and 2Q of 13 mm

seem !o be !he o!im*m fibre -on!en!s as observed from !he res*l!s ob!ained in !he resen!

s!*dy

%he !ensile roer!ies of !he differen! mies vi4, !he !ensile s!reng!h a! firs! visible

-ra-5 and -orresonding s!rain and ea5 s!ress and -orresonding s!rain and !he fail*re s!ressand s!rain are indi-a!ed in %able B 9! abo*! B;:;Q s!ress level deending on !he !ye and

vol*me fra-!ion of fibre, !he firs! vis*al -ra-5 aeared %his led !o bri!!le fail*re for lain

RP", b*! for fibred RP" !he s!ress in-reases * !o 1;3;Q deending on !he fibre !ye and

vol*me fra-!ion, and !his is a!!rib*!ed !o !he high fibre

%he shear s!ress for vario*s fibre dosages are !ab*la!ed in %able B C %he maim*m

shear s!ress is a-hieved for mied fibre ra!io (3Q mmU2Q 13mm) C333 C MPa 'o.ever,

!here is a signifi-an! in-rease in shear s!ress for 2Q 13mm fibres (=B: =3;: MPa) #ven

3Q13mm fibres reor!ed a maim*m of C> C;>3MPa 7! sho.s !he shear s!ress is in-reased

.i!h in-rease in fibre -on!en! 9lso !he minim*m shear s!ress is for !he RP" beam .i!ho*!

any fibre (CMPa) %he res*l!s -onfirm !ha! !he addi!ion of 2Q 13mm fibre dosage is o!im*m

for RP" -on-re!e

11


12/14

%he !o*ghness -hara-!eris!i-s of !hese -on-re!es .ere -al-*la!ed by firs! lo!!ing !he

fle*ral s!reng!h vers*s defle-!ion lo! and !hen -al-*la!ing !he area *nder !he lo! %he

energy absor!ion -hara-!eris!i- .as -ond*-!ed for RP" -on-re!es by firs! lo!!ing !he s!ress

s!rain -*rve in -omression and !hen de!ermining !he area *nder !he s!resss!rain lo!

%he enhan-ed me-hani-al roer!ies of RP" led !o !he inves!iga!ion of vario*s

s!r*-!*ral shaes *nder -omression as s!r*-!*ral -omonen!s of a b*ilding frame or a sa-e

!r*ss Sin-e angle se-!ions .ere more of!en *sed for !r*sses more e!ensive s!*dy .as -arried

o*! on angle se-!ions among !he vario*s shaes !a5en for !es!ing Vario*s shaes s*-h as

re-!ang*lar se-!ions, 7 se-!ions, -hannel se-!ions and 9ngle se-!ions .ere -as! and s*b8e-!ed

!o aial -omression %able C : gives !he *l!ima!e -omressive s!reng!hs of vario*s

-omression se-imens 9mongs! !he se-imens !es!ed !he re-!ang*lar -rossse-!ion gives

higher -omressive s!reng!h !han !he o!her s!r*-!*ral shaes of 2Qmm vol*me of fibre

2Q 13mm leng!h fibre rod*-ed !he highes! s!ress -arrying -aa-i!y -omared .i!h

rese-! o!her series %he s!ress -arrying -aa-i!y is also grea!er for -ombina!ion of fibres1Qmm U 2Q13mm 9lso s!ress -arrying -aa-i!y is high for lo.er slenderness ra!io (l


13/14

for 13mm fibre !han !he mm fibre %he load -arrying -aa-i!y in-reases by 21Q !o

3;Q .i!h !he in-rease in leng!h of fibre

>> !o CB> Q higher !han !ha! of

-on!rol -on-re!e

C %he -ra-5 a!!ern sho.s forma!ion of ver!i-al -ra-5s for lo.er er-en!age of small

fibre reinfor-emen! and diagonal -ra-5s for higher er-e!agesof fibre reinfor-emen!

: %he minim*m shear s!ress is CMPa for RP" beam .i!ho*! fibre 9lso .i!h !he

in-rease in fibre ra!io !he shear s!ress in-reases and for 2Q13mm !he shear s!ress .as

=B: =3;:MPa

10. %he ea5 !ensile s!ress ranged from >1C MPa for lain RP" !o 12>> MPa for for

mied fibre ra!ios of 3Q (1QmmU2Q13mm) .here as for 2Q 13mm fibre !he

maim*m !ensile s!ress is :>2 :B2 MPa

11 %he average -omressive s!reng!h of RP" angle se-!ions of 1>MPa (fig no!

available) is a-hieved for 2Q 13mm fibres for an ase-! ra!io of 2=

12 %he me-hani-al roer!ies of differen! angle se-!ions .i!h varied dosages of fibrevol*mes and differen! ase-! ra!io reveals !ha! s!r*-!*ral -omonen!s made of RP"

-an be *sed ins!ead of s!eel

13 %es! on !he me-hani-al roer!ies are reor!ed .i!h rese-! !o -omression and

fle*ral s!reng!hs /or !he -omressive s!reng!h val*es of abo*! 1MPa are a!!ained

and for !he fle*ral s!reng!h val*es aro*nd >>MPa for angle se-!ions @o!h !he !es!s

sho. dis!in-! si4e effe-!

1> %he load -arrying -aabili!y and energy absor!ion are fo*nd !o be higher .hi-h

signifies !he s*erior behavior of RP" angle se-!ions on ar .i!h !he s!eel se-!ions

1= Maim*m -omressive s!reng!h also in-reases .i!h in-rease in vol*me and leng!h of

fibre (1>MPa for an slenderness ra!io (l


14/14

1 %he d*-!ili!y in-reases .i!h !he in-rease in leng!h of !he fibre sho.ing !he enhan-ed

s!i!-hing a-!ion by !he longer fibre be!.een !he ma!erials of RP"

1B %he res*l!s indi-a!e !ha! for bol!ed RP" members an edge dis!an-e of no! less !han

3=d .here d is !he diame!er of bol! hole, .i!h a minim*m of 2Q of 13mm fibres .ill

be s*i!able for s!r*-!*ral assemblages

1C RP" is a viable s*bs!i!*!e for normal -on-re!e and 'P" in s!r*-!*ral -omonen!sFnly dra.ba-5 is RP" has no s!andard -odal rovisions available

=# ACKNOWLED)EMENTS

%his Resear-h .or5 is -arried o*! a! "S7RS#R" "hennai and is d*ly a-5no.ledged

# REFERENCES

1 @en8amin 90rabeal,(2;;=), J"hara-!ersi4a!ion of !he @ehavior of &l!ra'igh

Performan-e "on-re!e1K, PhD !hesis, &niversi!y of Maryland

2 "hin G %s*ng Li*, $ong G Shin '*ang,(2;;B) Dear!men! of "ivil #ngineering,Na!ional "heng *ng &niversi!y, %ainan, %ai.an, J'ighly /lo.able Rea-!ive

Po.der Mor!ar as a Reair Ma!erialK, "ons!r*-!ion and @*ilding Ma!erials, Mar-h

2;;B, PP 1 G C

3 ".ir4en9, (2;;B) 'elsin5i &niversi!y of %e-hnology, /inland, %he effe-! of !he

hea! G !rea!men! regime on !he roer!ies of rea-!ive o.der -on-re!e, 9dvan-es in

"emen! Resear-h, 2;;B, 1:, No1 $an*ary, PP 2= G 33

> Da!!a!reya, $, 'arish, V , and Neelamegam,M,(2;;B) J &se of Par!i-le Pa-5ing

%heory for !he Develomen! of Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!eK, %he 7ndian "on-re!e

$o*rnal , Se!ember 2;;B, 31>=

= Dili9S, Man* San!hanam,(2;;=) Dear!men! of -ivil engineering, 77% "hennai,

J7nves!iga!ions on Rea-!ive Po.der "on-re!e, 9 Develoing &l!ra 'ighS!reng!h

%e-hnologyK, -on-re!e !e-hnology, May2;;=, PP no 22 G 2B

0illiland, S WRea-!ive o.der -on-re!e (RP"), a ne. ma!erial for res!ressed

-on-re!e bridge girdersW @*ilding an 7n!erna!ional "omm*ni!y of S!r*-!*ral

#ngineers S!r*-!*res "ongress Pro-eedings v 1 1:: 9S"#, Ne. Oor5, NO, &S9

12=132

B LeeNP and "hisholmD'(2;;=), JRea-!ive Po.der "on-re!eK @R9NX S!*dy

reor! SR 1> $*dgeford,Ne. Xealand

C Masami &4a.a,Oo*hihide Shimoyama and Shigeo oshi5a.a,(2;;=), J/resh and

S!reng!h Proer!ies of Ne. "emen!i!io*s "omosi!e Ma!erial &sing Rea-!ive

Po.derK, Reor! of !he Resear-h 7ns!i!*!e of 7nd*s!rial %e-hnology,Nihon&niversi!y,NoB=,7SSN ;3C1BC

: FANeil, # / and Do.d, I M WRea-!ive o.der -on-re!e (RP"), a ne. ma!erial for

!he -ons!r*-!ion ind*s!ryW N"M#" Session Pra-!i!ioners 0*ide !o Ma!erials for

"on-re!e and Masonry S!r*-!*res

1; Ri-hard, P, and "heyre4y, M', WRea-!ive Po.der "on-re!es .i!h 'igh D*-!ili!y

and 2;;C;; MPa "omressive S!reng!hW,ACI, SP1>>(2>), San/ran-is-o, "9,

=;B=1C, 1::>

1>

reactiv powder concrete - reviewed 230113

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