ReactionReaction Types Types

ClassifyClassifying Reactionsing Reactions

Types of ChemicaTypes of Chemical l ReactionsReactions

SynthesisSynthesis DecompositionDecomposition Single replacementSingle replacement Double ReplacementDouble Replacement CombustionCombustion

SynthesisSynthesis

Two or more substances react to Two or more substances react to form ONE productform ONE product

A + B A + B AB AB

SynthesisSynthesis

Reaction of two elementsReaction of two elements

___Al + ___Cl2 ___AlCl3

Al3+ Cl1-

22 2233

DecompositionDecomposition

One substance breaks down into One substance breaks down into two or more simpler productstwo or more simpler products

AB AB A + B A + B

DecompositionDecomposition

__ NaN3 (s) ___ Na (s) + ___ N2 (g)2 2 3

__ CaO (s) ___ Ca (s) + ___ O2 (g)2 2

Single Replacement ReactionsSingle Replacement Reactions

One element replaces another One element replaces another element in a compound to form a element in a compound to form a new compound and elementnew compound and element

A + BX A + BX AX + BAX + B

Reactivity SeriesReactivity Series

MetalsMetals

A more reactive metal will replace a A more reactive metal will replace a less reactive metal in a solutionless reactive metal in a solution

Li K Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb Cu Ag Au

most active least active

examplesexamples

aluminum + iron (III) oxidealuminum + iron (III) oxide

Al Fe2O3+

More reactive?

Al3+ O2-

Al2O3Fe +

Fe3+ O2-

2 2

examplesexamples

silver + copper (I) nitratesilver + copper (I) nitrate

Ag CuNO3+

More reactive?

Cu1+ NO31-

NO RXN

Double ReplacementDouble Replacement

Exchange of Exchange of cationscations between two ionic between two ionic compoundscompounds

A B + C D AD + CBswitch

Will the Solutions React?Will the Solutions React?

One of the following things must One of the following things must occur for a reaction to occur:occur for a reaction to occur: Precipitate is produced [(Precipitate is produced [(ss) or () or ()])] Gas is evolved [(Gas is evolved [(gg) or () or ()])] Water is made [(Water is made [(ll) or () or (gg)])]

Use the solubility rules to Use the solubility rules to determine if a solid is madedetermine if a solid is made

Example ProblemExample Problem

Lithium iodide and aqueous silver nitrate Lithium iodide and aqueous silver nitrate reactreact

Li1+ I1- Ag1+ NO31-

LiI AgNO3 LiNO3AgI+ +(aq)

Use a solubility table to determine state of each component.

(aq) (s) (aq)

CombustionCombustion

Compound reacts with OCompound reacts with O22

HydrocarbonHydrocarbon – compound with only – compound with only carbon and hydrogencarbon and hydrogen

CombustionCombustion

Combustion of hydrocarbonsCombustion of hydrocarbons

ALWAYS produces ALWAYS produces COCO22 and and HH22OO

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

Example ProblemExample Problem

Show combustion of propane (CShow combustion of propane (C33HH88) gas) gas

C3H8 O2 CO2 H2O+ +5 3 4