reaction properties - gsi · 2016-04-20 · see his presentation from the last iris workshop ......
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Reaction Properties Working Group report
J. Dvorak, H. Gäggeler, D. Hild, J. Kratz, G. Pollarolo, M. Schädel, G. Souliotis, and A. Türler
Jan DvorakHelmholtz Institute Mainz
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Outline
● Design Reactions
● Reaction channels:
–Elastic scattering–Quasi-elastic and few-nucleon transfer channels–Multi-nucleon transfer channels–Fusion
● Preparatory experiment
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Design Reactions
Design reactions chosen at IRiS 10 (Spring) workshop:
–Various projectiles + Actinide targets– 136Xe + 208Pb–Energy < 10 % above the Coulomb Barrier
Reaction ELAB
[MeV]
22Ne + 238U 12540Ar + 238U 22848Ca + 238U 255136Xe + 238U 799238U + 238U 1606
136Xe + 208Pb 789
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Classification of collisions
Loveland, W. D.; Morrissey, D. & Seaborg, G. T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry
Co
mpo
und
Nuc
leus
Fus
ion
Lik
e
Dee
p-I
nel
astic
Qu
asi-e
last
ic
Ela
stic
an
d C
oule
x
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Elastic scattering
Loveland, W. D.; Morrissey, D. & Seaborg, G. T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry
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Elastic scattering – differential cross section
● Up to θgr Rutherford cross section
● ECM
= 1.1VC → θ
gr = 110°
● Below that σel drops
gr=2asin V C2 ECM−V C
R. Bass, Nuclear Reactions With Heavy Elements
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Elastic scattering – differential cross section
dσdθ
Arbitrary scale
238U + 248Cm @ 750 MeV CM (~ VC) 48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV CM (1.07 V
C)
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Inelastic collisions
86Kr+166Er at 8.18 MeV/u
Gobbi, Nuclear Physics A, 1981, 354, 337 - 374
dσ dE dθ
d dE d
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Inelastic collisions – angular distribution
Behavior scales with “modified Sommerfeld parameter” η'
a) Orbiting η' < 150
b) Focusing 250 < η' < 400
c) Coulomb trajectory 500< η'
'=Z 1 . Z 2 . e
2
ℏ . v BVB - relative velocity at interaction barrier
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Angular distribution for design reactions
Reaction ELAB
[MeV] η' Type
22Ne + 238U 125 200 Focusing40Ar + 238U 228 357 Focusing48Ca + 238U 255 418 Focusing136Xe + 238U 799 1071 Coulomb238U + 238U 1606 1700 Coulomb
136Xe + 208Pb 789 802 Coulomb
48Ca and 238U + 238U (248Cm) are representative reactions
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Deep inelastic collisions
Gobbi, Nuclear Physics A, 1981, 354, 337 - 374
86Kr+166Er at 8.18 MeV/u dσ dE dZ
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GRAZING
● Deep-inelastic reactions are complex
● Luckily we have GRAZING
– coupled channels calculations– G. Polarollo
http://personalpages.to.infn.it/~nanni/grazing/
● See his presentation from the last IRiS workshophttp://www-win.gsi.de/iris10/contributions/IRiS10_contribution_Pollarolo.pdf
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GRAZING calculation for 48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV
● dσ/(dE.dθ) for different exit channels
● Reliable for quasi-elastic and few-nucleon transfer channels
– The strongestchannels
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Many-nucleon transfer reactions
● Two detailed theoretical calculations:
– 48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV CM (1.07 VC) by
Adamian and Antonenko
– 238U + 248Cm @ 750 MeV CM (~ VC) by
V. Zagrebaev
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48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV CM (1.07 VC)
● Calculated by Adamian and Antonenko
– Diffusion of dinuclear system in the charge and mass asymmetry coordinates
– Long contact times → isotropic angular distribution
– Excitation energy of the system shared between fragments by their mass
Ref e.g.: Adamian, G. G., Antonenko, N. V., Sargsyan, V. V. & Scheid, W., Phys. Rev. C, 2010, 81, 024604
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48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV CM
140 145 150 155 160 165 170 1750.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Cross sections for 48Ca+248Cm at 209 MeV LAB - Secondary even-odd products
CfFmNoRfSgHs
N
Cro
ss s
eci
on
(pb
)
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48Ca + 248Cm @ 209 MeV CM
195 200 205 210 215 220 2250.1
1
10
100
1000
Cross sections 48Ca+248Cm - secondary products
271Sg259No267Db268Db264Lr
Energy in CM (MeV)
cros
s se
ctio
n (p
b)
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238U + 248Cm @ 750 MeV CM (~ VC)
● Calculation by V. Zagrebaev
– Dynamical model based on Langevin-type dynamical equations of motion
– Promising results presented at the last IRiS workshop
http://www-win.gsi.de/iris10/contributions/IRiS10_contribution_Zagrebaev.pdf
– Meanwhile new calculations
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Chart of Nuclides
Zagrebaev & Greiner, Nuclear Physics A, 2010, 834, 366
Transfer reactio
ns
Multi-nucleon transfer reactionsgive access to tens of new n-rich SHE isotopes
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What is missing in the picture?
Design Reactions – concentrate on 48Ca,238U + 248Cm
Reaction kinematics
Reaction channels:
–Elastic scattering
–Quasi-elastic and few-nucleon transfer channels – GRAZING
–Multi-nucleon transfer channels – Calculations by experts
–Fusion – especially fusion-fission● Preparatory experiments
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Fusion-fission
● Fusion-fission – reactions with lighter projectiles
● Rather simple (comparing to other channels)
● Experimental data exist
Itkis at al., Fusion-fission of Superheavy Nuclei,
J. of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, 2002, 3, 57–61
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Preparatory experiments
● Angular distribution of SHE fragments
– The biggest unknown– Critical for separator simulations– Experimental data missing– A simple radiochemical experiment would help
Beam Target
Foil stack
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Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
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2 body kinematics
● http://nrv.jinr.ru/nrv/webnrv/kinematics/two_body.php
48Ca+238U → 26Ne + 260No at 255 MeV LAB 238U+238U → 216Pb + 260No at 1606 MeV LAB
ΘLAB
(260No) < 32°, 8.7 <ELAB
(260No) < 90 MeV ΘLAB
(260No) < 65°, 3.9 <ELAB
(260No) < 1594 MeV