R&D Policy of Korea

and the Role of NRF

Prof. Se-Jung OH

President

National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea

Presented at ISITCE2011, POSTECH

July 14, 2011

R&D of

KOREA

1 Status of Korea’s R&D Investment

2 Korea’s R&D Policy

4 NRF and Its Role in R&D

Contents

3 Major R&D Outcomes

3

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

Primary

goods

Light

industry

goods

Light & heavy

industry

goods

Heavy industry goods &

electronic products

Electronic &

transport

products

Established Gov’t

Research Institutes

Established Ministry

of Science and Tech.

Built Daedeok

Science Town in 1974

Building R&D

infrastructure Promoting R&D

Starting National R&D

programs

Promoting university-

based fundamental

research

(e.g. SRC, ERC)

Enhancing technology

innovation

Increasing efficiency of

R&D investment

Planning Total Roadmap

Expanding investment on

the basic and

fundamental research

Industry-oriented policy

Science &Technology-oriented policy

S&T

policy

direction

Changes in

major

industries

Main

policy

focus

Changes of S&T environments in Korea

Status of Korean R&D Investment

3

4

Total R&D Investment is continuously increasing

Total R&D Investment(government & private sector) : 47.2 trillion KRW(2010),

2.5 times increase compared to 2003 investment(19.1trillion KRW)

Ratio of total investment to GDP : 4.02%(2010-tentative), relatively high

* Israel 4.80%(„08), Finland 4.01%(‟09), Japan 3.42%(‟08), USA 2.77%(2008),

Finland 4.01% (2008), China 1.54%(2008) <1 trillion KRW is roughly equal to 0.9 billion $ >

Status of Korean R&D Investment

4

5

Government R&D Budget is increasing by around 10% every year

Government R&D budget in 2010 : 13.7trillion KRW(11.4% increase to 2009)

in 2011: 14.9 trillion KRW (10.9% increase to 2010)

Ratio of government R&D to total R&D investment : 32.5%(2009), 29.0%(2010)

Not a high percentage compared to other major countries:

* France 41.5%(2008), UK 36.8%(2008), USA 32.7%(2008)

Status of Korean R&D Investment

5

MEST

4,750(31.9%)

MLTM : 616(4.1%)

KMA :

MOEL :

MIFAFF : 783(5.3%)

RDA :

CHA : MCST :

DAPA : 2,164(14.5%)

MW : 337(2.3%)

KFS :

NEMA :

KFDA :

SMBA : 629(4.2%)

MKE : 4,527(30.4%)

ME : 214(1.6%) etc. : 446(3.3%)

MEST(Ministry of Education, Science & Technology), MLTM(Ministry of Land, Transport & Maritime Affairs), KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration),

MOEL(Ministry Of Employment & Labor Reserved), MIFAFF(Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries), RDA(Rural Development Administration),

CHA(Cultural Heritage Administration), MCST(Ministry of Culture, Sports & Tourism), DAPA(Defense Acquisition Program Administration), MW(Ministry for

Health, Welfare & Family Affairs), KFS(Korea Forest Service), NEMA(National Emergency Management Agency), KFDA(Korea Food & Drug

Administration), SMBA(Small & Medium Business Administration), MKE(Ministry of Knowledge Economy), ME(Ministry of Environment)

Billion KRW

Status of Korean R&D Investment

FY 2011 Government R&D budget allocation to the public organizations

6

R&D Expenditure Compared to other countries

R&D Expenditure (million $)

R&D Score when Korea is ‘1’

R&D % of GDP

Korea (2009) 29,703 1.0 3.57

U.S.A. (2008) 396,194 13.3 2.77

Japan (2008) 166,125 5.5 3.42

Germany (2008) 96,492 3.2 2.64

France (2008) 57,748 1.9 2.02

U.K. (2008) 47,138 1.5 1.77

Finland (2009) 9,516 0.3 4.01

Sweden (2008) 17,964 0.6 3.75

China (2008) 66,430 2.2 1.54

(Source) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2010/01

Status of Korean R&D Investment

7

Ministry of Education,

Science and Technology

Ministry of

Knowledge Economy

- Basic research and fundamental technology

- Academic research and university education

- Industrial technology innovation research

- Transfer and commercialization of technology

Ministry of

National Defense

National Science &

Technology Council

- Defense industry

- Advanced defense technology

- Decisions on major National S&T policies

- Setting up National R&D programs

R&D Policy Organizations

8

Catch-up & Development

Approach

- Adoption and imitation of

advanced technology to

narrow the technological gap

- Product-oriented R&D

- Leading the world market

through creation of new

knowledge and technology

- Knowledge-oriented R&D

Creative & Integrative

Approach

- Governed and regulated by

“technology suppliers”

- Budgeting based on

individual project management

- Demand-driven support and

service

- Corporate-type investment

strategy

- Short-term applied and

development research

- Tight regulation of

financial resources

- Creative, innovative, long-term

basic, fundamental research

- Flexible

Paradigm Shift of Korean R&D

Goals

Policy

R&D

Structure

9

S&T Competitiveness (IMD)

2003 2005 2006 2004

World

Ranking

2007 2008 2002 2001

3rd

14th 12th

13th

17th

14th

10th 7th

5th

21th

17th

24th

8th

2th

6th 6th

14th

Science Technology

14th

2009

1981

38,613 (12th)

1997 2009

7,870 (18th)

4 (53th)

No. of SCI paper publications (ranking)

International Patents SCI Papers

1984 1997 2009

No. of applications (PCT)

7,549 (4th)

8,009 (4th)

1,891

288 30 10

No. of registration (USA)

(’08)

Major R&D Outcomes

10

4th

17th

2010

NRF and Its Role in R&D

KOSEF : Korea Science and Engineering Foundation

KRF : Korea Research Foundation

KICOS : Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology

NRF

Science, Engineering,

International Cooperation

Humanities, Social Sciences,

International Cooperation

International

Cooperation

KOSEF

KRF

KICOS

NRF covers all

academic disciplines

Science, Engineering,

Humanities,

Social Sciences, Inter-

disciplinary Studies

Establishment of NRF

12

Vision and Strategies

Global Leader in Research Support and Management Vision

Principles

Strategies

Excellence Equity Efficiency Expertise Exchange

Providing integrated support for the whole spectrum of research fields

Augmenting PM System to support entire cycle of R&D programs

Streamlining administrative processes for researcher-friendly support

Increasing investment in basic and fundamental research

Strengthening international cooperation with a diversified approach

Encouraging the convergence of science & technology with

humanities and social sciences

Functioning as a Think Tank in national R&D policy making process

13

Think Tank for Korean R&D Development

Identify Issues Propose solutions

7

NRF Researchers Government

14

Organization of NRF

President

Directorate for

Academic

Promotion

Directorate for

National Science

and Engineering

Programs

Office of the

Inspector General

Directorate for

Humanities and

Social Sciences

Directorate for

Basic Research

in Science and

Engineering

Office of R&D Policy

Center for

International

Affairs

Directorate for

Strategic Resources

Management

NRF Board Inspector General

Office of Planning

and Coordination

Director General

15

2011 Budget : KRW 3,036 Bil.

Basic Research, 952(31.4%)

Enhancement of Academic Research Capacity, 233(7.7%)

Research Promotion and Infrastructure,

159(5.2%)

Human Resources Development,

947(31.2%) Fundamental Technology, 215 (7.1%)

Big Science, 183(6.0%)

Nuclear Energy, 204(6.7%)

International Cooperation in

Science and Technology, 94(3.1%)

Others, 50(1.6%)

Budget by R&D Programs

16

NRF

Programs

Basic Research International

Cooperation

Science and

Technology

Promotion Funds

Academic Research

Capacity Enhancement

Big Science

Fundamental

Technology

Major Programs

- General Researcher Program

- Mid-Career Researcher Program

- Leading Researcher Program

- Leading Research Center Program

- Basic Research Lab Program

- Humanities and Social Sciences

Enhancement Program

- Humanities Promotion Program

- University Research Laboratory

Development Program

-Space Basic Core Technology

Development Program

- Nuclear Fusion Research Program

- Core Technology Development

Program to solve Climate Change

- Globalization Infrastructure

Development Program

- International Joint Research Program

- Global Institute Recruitment Program

- Future-based Technology

Development Program

- Advanced Biomedicine Program

- Pioneer Research Center Program

- Scientists and Engineers

Development Program

- Science and Technology

Investment Program

17

7~9yrs

Structure of Basic Research Support Programs

18

Basic Research Lab

(5yrs)

Leading Research Center

(7~9yrs)

• Providing linkage between basic research programs

• Building a life-time research support system

Structure of Basic Research Support Programs

19

Overseas Offices & Overseas Cooperation Centers

USA, China, Japan Sweden, Russia

Center for International Affairs

Division of US-Europe Cooperation

US -Europe Team

Division of Global Strategy

And Planning

Global R&D Program Team

International Cooperation

Planning Team

Division of Asia-Africa

Cooperation

Africa/Int’l Org. Team

Asia Team

International Cooperation

20

Supporting International S&T Cooperation Programs

Global Research Lab / Global Research Network programs

Recruitment program for leading foreign research institutes

Managing Institutional Cooperation Programs based on MOU’s

Joint research, seminar and exchange programs

Organizing international collaboration activities

Seminar, workshop, symposium, forum, etc.

Primary Functions

21

Networking

Incipient phase

short-term

mobility-focused

Budget

: 8,000 ~ 20,000 USD

Researcher Exchanges

Joint Seminars

Mature phase

medium to long-term

(3-9 years)

research-focused

Budget

: 80,000 ~500,000 USD

Large-scale

cooperation research

GRN, GRL

Full-fledged phase

medium to long-term

(3-6 years)

establishing joint research

centers either in Korea or in

overseas

Budget

: 300,000 ~ 1.25M USD

Recruitment of Joint

Research Centers

Overseas-based

Research Center

Joint Research Joint R&D Center

Program Types

22

`

Europe (38 agencies in 22 countries)

`DFG, AvH, MPG, DAAD AFRC, ESRC, RS, BC

EPSRC, BBSRC, CNRS IVA, STINT, VR, FNRS

FWO-Vlaanderen CNR, SNSF, AF, SINTEF

IIASA, FWF, CSIC, FORTH NOW, OTKA, HAS, HAE SPSC of RAS, RAS, PAS

GACR, ASCR, SSF, NASU RA, SAS, TUBITAK

Africa (3 agencies in 3 countries)

ASRT, CNRST, NRF

America (6 agencies in 6 countries)

NSF, NSERC, CONACYT CONICYT, CONICET, CNPq

Oceania (5 agencies in 2 countries AAS, ARC, ATSE, FRST, RSNZ

Asia (17 agencies in 10 countries)

JSPS, JST, NSFC, CAS, CASS CSTEC, ICSSR, INSA

LIPI, NRCT, VASS, VAST MAS, NAST, NRCP, SCST

70 foreign sister agencies in 43 countries

Overseas Network

23

Thank You for your attention !