r&d personnel & expenditure by type and function; outputs launch workshop of the qatar...
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R&D personnel & expenditure by type and function; outputs
Launch Workshop of the Qatar R&D Survey: s6Four Seasons Hotel, Doha, Qatar
28 to 30 October 20123
Michael Kahn Research and Innovation Associates, South Africa
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Identify R&D performersWhat counts as R&D
PERSONNEL
Headcount
EXPENDITURE
Qualification
Full-time equivalent
Field of Science
LabourCurrentCapex
Field of Science
Socio-economic objective
Sources ofFunds
OUTPUTS
Type
Qualification
Field of Science
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔
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Identify R&D performersWhat counts as R&D
PERSONNEL
Headcount
EXPENDITURE
Qualification
Full-time equivalent
Field of Science
LabourCurrentCapex
Field of Science
Socio-economic objective
Sources ofFunds
OUTPUTS
Type
Qualification
Field of Science
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔
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The basic criterion for distinguishing R&D from related activities is the presence in R&D of an appreciable element of novelty and the resolution of scientific and/or technological uncertainty, i.e. when the solution to a problem is not readily apparent to someone familiar with the basic stock of common knowledge and techniques for the area concerned.
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In the field of medicine, routine autopsy on the causes of death is the practice of medical care and is not R&D; special investigation of a particular mortality to establish the side effects of certain cancer treatments is R&D.
Similarly, routine tests such as blood and bacteriological tests carried out for doctors are not R&D, whereas a special programme of blood tests in connection with the introduction of a new drug is R&D.
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R&D by Functional TypeFields of Science – approach already covered Socio-economic objective of R&D