r&d needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · iea rewp joint r&d seminar, paris, 3...
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![Page 1: R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005. IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Solar energy](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050115/5f4c67a6bf59872c650e63bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy
conversion
Hubert FechnerIEA PVPS
IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Solar energy radiated to the earth ~ 10.000 x worldenergy demand
Photovoltaic - direct conversion of solar radiation intoelectricity
How far is the technology today?
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Effi
cien
cy (%
)
Cu(In,Ga)Se2Amorphous Si:H(stabilized)CdTe
Universityof Maine
Boeing
Boeing
Boeing
BoeingARCO
NREL
Boeing
Euro-CIS
12
8
4
0200019951990198519801975
United Solar
16
20
24
28
32Three-junction (2-terminal, monolithic)Two-junction (2-terminal, monolithic)
NREL/Spectrolab
NRELNREL
JapanEnergy
Spire
NorthCarolinaState University
Multijunction Concentrators
Thin Film Technologies
Best Research-Cell Efficiencies
Varian
RCA
Solarex
UNSW
UNSW
ARCO
UNSWUNSW
UNSWSpireStanford
Westing-house
Crystalline Si CellsSingle CrystalMulticrystallineThin Si
UNSWGeorgia Tech
Georgia Tech
Sharp
Solarex Astro-Power
NREL
AstroPower
Spectrolab
NREL
•
Emerging PV
• ••• •
••• •
••
•••
•
Masushita
MonosolarKodak
Kodak
AMETEK
PhotonEnergy
Univ.S.Florida
NRELNREL
NREL
Princeton
U. Konstanz
U.CaliforniaBerkeley
Organic Cells
NREL
NRELCu(In,Ga)Se214x Concentration
Ref. Tom Surek at NREL
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Cumulative installed grid-connected / off-grid PV power in the reporting countries
0
500
1'000
1'500
2'000
2'500
3'000
3'500
4'000
19921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Inst
alle
dPV
Pow
er (M
W)
Grid-connected
Off-grid
Photovoltaic Market (IEA)
> 4 GW installed
~ 3 TWh Energy
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Key playersShare of PV cell production in the reporting countries by company in 2005 (%)
Sharp (JPN)28%
Q-Cells (DEU)11%
Kyocera (JPN)9%
Sanyo Electric (JPN)8%
Mitsubishi Electric (JPN)7%
RWE Schott (DEU, USA)6%
Others (23 companies)16%
BP Solar (AUS, ESP, USA)5%
Shell Solar (DEU, USA)4%
Isofoton (ESP)4% Photowatt International (FRA)
2%
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Price of PV modulesPower Modules (1976 - 2001)
1987
1981
2001
1983
1990
1976
1
10
100
0 1 10 100 1000 10000Cumulative Shipments [MWp] power modules
[2001 $]
Price of Power Modules (2001 $)
Estimate 1976 - 2001: PR = 80%± 0.4%
Estimate 1987 - 2001: PR = 77%± 1.5%
Source: Strategies Unlimited
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
![Page 8: R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005. IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Solar energy](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050115/5f4c67a6bf59872c650e63bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
PV cost compared to bulkpowerAssumptions:
1% annual increase in ElectricityTariffs
5% annual reduction in PV costs
Source: EU Technology Platform
![Page 9: R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005. IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Solar energy](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050115/5f4c67a6bf59872c650e63bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
![Page 10: R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005. IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Solar energy](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050115/5f4c67a6bf59872c650e63bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
![Page 11: R&D needs in solar photovoltaic energy conversion · IEA REWP Joint R&D Seminar, Paris, 3 March 2005. IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME Solar energy](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050115/5f4c67a6bf59872c650e63bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Solar cells: today and future
Ref. M. Green, UNSW
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Resources and potential
Ref. ISET / Czisch
The solar resource
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Australi
aAustr
iaCan
ada
Denmark
Finland
German
yIta
lyJa
panNeth
erlan
dsSpain
Sweden
Switzerl
and
United K
ingdomUnite
d States
BIPV: Potential contribution to electricity supply
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
PV R&D: subjects and issuesMain bottlenecks: cost, efficiency, products• Materials• Cells and Modules• System components & BIPV• Processes and manufacturing• Environmental aspects• Quality assurance and standards• Cross-cutting issues
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Ingots/Wafer thickness and Cell Efficiency
320300
180 170 160 150
200240
17,5%17,0%16,5%
16,0%15,5%15,0%
14,5%14,0%
120
170
220
270
320
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201010%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%20%
Ingots/Wafer thickness (µm) Cell efficiency (in percent)
[µm] [Efficiency in %]
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Technology and market
R&DBasic & applied
Products &Applications
MarketPromotion MarketsSolutions &
Manufacturing
TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT
MARKETDEPLOYMENT
INDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT
Cheaper, better and new products enlarge
markets and open new segments.
Greater sales mean higher demand -greater use gives more feedback.
Technology progresses through innovation,
feedback and R&D investment.
Stimulation ofthe production
results in higher quantity and quality.
Improvements result incost reductions,
efficiency increase and enhanced applicability.
Technologycycle
Marketcycle
• Evolution not Revolution(Jeff Portmans)
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
PV R&D: approaches• Industry involvement• Short, medium, long-term• Continuity• Strong and dedicated effort• Roadmaps
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IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Useful links & contact• http://www.iea-pvps.org• http://www.pvdatabase.com• http://www.epia.org• http://www.demosite.ch
Hubert Fechner, ExCo-Member IEA PVPSHead of Department of Renewable Energy Technologiesarsenal research, Giefinggasse 2, A-1210 Vienna, AustriaTel. +43 50550-6299 Email: [email protected]