rc speed sensor calibration lecture rev-2015-02-07 · lb9lab 9 rc fi l t ti f d irc final testing...
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First-Year Engineering Program
Roller Coaster Speed Sensor CalibrationSpeed Sensor Calibration
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First-Year Engineering Program
Lab Safety
d h d h• Do not stand on chairs, or sit or stand on the tablesK th l ti f th fi t id kit• Know the location of the first-aid kit
• Report all injuries occurring in the lab to the instructional staffinstructional staff
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First-Year Engineering ProgramOverview of LabsOverview of Labs
Lab 1 Introduction to Roller Coaster Design
Lab 2 Roller Coaster Energy LossesLab 2 Roller Coaster Energy Losses
Lab 3 Roller Coaster Circuits with Circuit Prototyping
Lab 4 Roller Coaster Speed Sensor Calibration
Lab 5 RC Building Session #1
Lab 6 RC Building Session #2
Lab 7 RC Building Session #3
Lab 8 RC Final Construction - Preliminary Testing of Design
L b 9 RC Fi l T ti f D iLab 9 RC Final Testing of Design
Lab 10 RC Oral Presentations
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First-Year Engineering Program
Agenda
• Background on Calibration
• Overview of Lab• Physics Calculation Calibration Technique• Laser Calibration Technique• Camera Calibration Technique
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First-Year Engineering ProgramSensorsSensors
• Many products use sensors• Some products use sensors to detect the
presence of some condition, such as:p ,• to automatically open doors when someone
approaches• to change traffic signals when cars are waiting• These types of sensors typically have two yp yp y
states, “on” and “off”.
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First-Year Engineering ProgramSensorsSensors
• Some products use sensors to measure d di l h i l h t i ti hand display physical characteristics such as
temperature, weight, light intensity, etc.
• This type of sensor must:• reliably and repeatably create a signal directly• reliably and repeatably create a signal directly
related to the characteristic being measured• be calibrated against a known standard so• be calibrated against a known standard so
that the readout is accurate
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First-Year Engineering Program
Roller Coaster Sensor
• The roller coaster project will use sensors to measure the speed of the ball at eight locations on the track.
Thi l b ill ill h diff• This lab will illustrate three different techniques for calibrating these speed sensors.
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First-Year Engineering Program
C t A li ti S ftCoaster Application Software• On the lab computers is a software application called
“Coaster.” It measures up to eight sensors’ outputsCoaster. It measures up to eight sensors outputs and records the pulse duration for each.
• The speed is found by dividing the diameter of the b ll b th l d tiball by the pulse duration.
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First-Year Engineering Program
C t A li ti S ftCoaster Application Software• This software is designed to accept a correction
factor for determining the accurate speed of the ball passing through the sensors.
• This lab uses three different techniques for determining this correction factor.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Calculating SpeedsCalculating Speeds
The clear plastic around the LED is a lens that focuses the light into a beam. The beam has a spread of about 6 degrees. Because of this and because the edges of the ball are not flat, the measured time is shorter than the actual time
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measured time is shorter than the actual time.
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First-Year Engineering Program
SPEED CALCULATIONSSPEED CALCULATIONS
ili d
Diameter of Ball (D)
Leading Edge Trailing Edge
Measure (t2-t1)
Time axis
The correction factor for the LED/Phototransistor pair and the 1” Dia. coaster ball was measured to be 8.3%. So the speed can be calculated using:
11s=D/[1.083*(t2-t1)]
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First-Year Engineering Program
Technique 1 – Physics Calculations • You will calculate values of speed based on physics• You will calculate values of speed based on physics
principles compared to the speed measured by the software.
• You will analyze the results and determine a correction factor to calibrate the speed sensor.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Physics CalculationsPhysics CalculationsBall rolling down a ramp
Total energy at top of ramp = Potential
Total energy at bottom of ramp = Translational Kinetic plus rotational kinetic
Conservation of Energy (including rolling friction
losses and assuming th i lidi )there is no sliding)
Solving for ball velocity at the
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velocity at the bottom of ramp
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First-Year Engineering Program
Physics Calculation Technique
Lowest rung
Highest rung
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First-Year Engineering Program
Technique 2 Laser CalibrationTechnique 2 – Laser Calibration • Use two, small-beam lasers equally-spaced , q y pon either side of the speed sensor to measure the average speed between the g psensors.
• Use the average speed as a good estimate• Use the average speed as a good estimate of the true speed at the speed sensor.
• Create a correction factor based on the data from the lasers and their software.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Laser Calibration TechniqueLaser Calibration Technique
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First-Year Engineering Program
Laser Calibration Technique
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First-Year Engineering Program
MATLAB Calibration DisplayMATLAB Calibration Displayof Laser Output
Leading edge of
1
1.5
2ol
ts
Channel 0 - Lasers
Laser
Leading edge of laser pulse 1
Trailing edge of l l 1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
0.5
1
vo
samples, where each sample is 0.02 millisecs long
Laser laser pulse 1
Leading edge for LED Sensor
1
1.5
2
volts
Channel 1 - LED
LED Speed
for LED Sensor
Trailing edge for LED Sensor
0 500 1000 1500 2000 25000
0.5
v
samples, where each sample is 0.02 millisecs long
Speed Sensor
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First-Year Engineering Program
MATLAB Pulse Duration Output
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First-Year Engineering Program
Techniq e 3 Video capt eTechnique 3 – Video capture• Use a camera and computer to capture p pvideo images at a known rate of frames per second.p
• Measure how far the ball travels between frames near the speed sensorbetween frames near the speed sensor to determine its accurate speed.
• Determine a correction factor based on this technique.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Camera Calibration Technique
Needed Adjustmenteeded djus e
Camera Setup
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First-Year Engineering Program
Measurement of ball positionClick here to move
the menu.
144 mm.
Align the left edge of the “Play Speed Settings” Menu with the leading of the ball to obtain an accurate position of the ball
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to obtain an accurate position of the ball.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Analysis of Camera Data
Finding the position of the ball fo all• Finding the position of the ball for all frames with the ball in view allows you to generate a graph of speed vsto generate a graph of speed vs. position.
•The linear trend from this data can be extrapolated to find the speed of the ball p pat the LED Speed Sensor.
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First-Year Engineering ProgramLab logisticsLab logistics
SuperGroup 1 SuperGroup 2 SuperGroup 3
A B C
D E F
G
• Each group will record their data on the spreadsheet at each piece of equipment in their supergroup.
Th i t t ill id th d h t t• The instructor will provide the spreadsheets at each table and collect and send the composite results to all students
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results to all students.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Bring It All Together
h f f h h d• The correction factor for each method is determined by calculating the ratio of the measured speed for each calibrationmeasured speed for each calibration technique to the measured speed of the LED speed sensor.speed sensor.
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First-Year Engineering Program
Assignment Due Today:• Initial Paper Design• Initial Paper Design
• Place Project Notebook on thetable for check-up
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First-Year Engineering Program
Assigned Work:Lab Memo• Lab Memo• At the end of your lab procedure, review
h i f h l bthe requirements for the lab memo• Also review the grading guideline for
i ll ipoint allocation.Next week due:Ci i P i L b MCircuit Prototyping Lab Memo&S C lib ti L b MSensor Calibration Lab Memo
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