CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN ROMANIA

SCFCAH - ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFAREBrussels, 3-4th of February 2009

Summary

Historical dataCSF Romanian Programme in 2008CSF Romanian Programme in 2009

Historical dataData about outbreaks

2005 - 1504 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2006 - 803 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2007 - 168 outbreaks of classical swine fever 2008 – none

The last outbreak in backyards was declared on 04 May 2007The last outbreak in commercial holdings (Igriş I Farm – Smithfield) was declared on 22 August 2007. The last outbreak in free ranged domestic pigs was declared on 09 October 2007 in Insula Mică a

Brăilei Natural Reservation.

Number of CSF outbreaks in domestic pigs 2001-2008

1 45155 180

1508

803

168

00

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

number of outbreaks

Overview of the CSF situation in Romania during 2001- 2008

2007*,1 2008*

Non- Commercial

prof. farms

CSF outbreaks indomestic pigs

1 45 155 180 1508 803 165 3 0

Dead pigs due toCSF

13 452 1021 634 2982 1903 507 11.030 0

Destroyed pigs due to CSF

0 985 3592 1624 8045 5898 4.002 42.659 0

Total number of affected pigs

13 1437 4613 2258 11027 7801 4.509 53.689 0

Affected villages 1 45 155 161 482 393 95 2 0

Affected counties

1 17 16 26 33 35 19 1 0

CSF cases in wild boar

5 2 6 4 43 18 25 0 0

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Emergency vaccination in 2007

Domestic pigs vaccination in non professional holdings

Used vaccines:Vaccines from the Commission vaccine bank :

- 1.009.750 doses Riemser- 1.000.000 doses Merial

Vaccines purchased by Romania:- 9.896.473 doses Romania

Emergency vaccination in 2007

Domestic pigs vaccination in professional holdings

Vaccines used:Vaccine from the Commission vaccine bank :

- 7.050.000 marker doses

CSF – RO Programme in 2008Commission Decision 2007/870/EC amended by Decision

2008/682/ECIn addition to 2007, Romania forwarded during 2008 some additional clarifications:- a new NDCC and LDCC law- establishing the rearing systems for pigs and adopting the biosecurity measures; - establishing a network of specialists with exclusive competences in the control of CSF, comprised of: 42 specialists at county level, 8 at regional level and 1 at central level, with the role of supervising the implementation of the CSF eradication programme; - establishing Detailed Vaccine Control Procedures that can be applied fron transport, storing, distribution including trading.

Data regarding the vaccine used for implementing the program during 2008

Information on vaccination programmeRomania Coun-ties

Total number of animals

Number of herds(c) in vaccination programme

Number of vaccinated herds(c)

Number of vaccinated animals

Number of doses of vaccine admin

Number of vaccinated adults)

Number of young(d)

animals vaccinated

2007 42 5,400,000 1,400,195 1,400,195 11.284.116 11.999.742 1954436 7995236

2008 42 6,000,000 1,519,876 1,519,876 7,231,002 7,622,831 287793 6,943,209

Emergency vaccination in 2008

Domestic pigs vaccination in non professional holdings

Vaccine used:Vaccines purchased by Romania in 2008:

- 5.100.000 doses RomaniaVaccine supply in 2007:

- 2.700.000 doses RomaniaNumber of vaccinated pigs:

- 7.231.002 pigsStock Vaccine for 2009

- 1.700.000 doses

Serological surveillance in backyards 2007-200828 days after vaccination, 15 samples were taken for each village in order to

establish post vaccination protection of pig population.

Serological surveillance of back yards in 2007(1) and 2008(2)

88608

85195

8263482207

78000

80000

82000

84000

86000

88000

90000

1 2

number of tested samples

nomber of positivesamples

Immunity in backyardsThe average of positive results after vaccination were 96%

- that means a good immunity.

Level of immunity after vaccination in non comercial exploatation in 2008 (April to December)

95

95.5

96

96.5

97

97.5

98

98.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Level of immunity aftervaccination in backyard

The surveillance in Romanian non-professional holdings 2008

ELISA detection of post vaccine antibody

+ - Doubt

85195 82207 2482 504

VIRUSOLOGICAL EXAM

FAT IPO RT-PCR Virus isolation

Samples + _ + _ + -

180 0147740

Samples Samples

1814774

Emergency vaccination in 2008

Domestic pigs vaccination in professional holdingsContinued until April 2008 – marker vaccine (European vaccine bank 2007)

Surveillance in commercial farms2008

Surveillance in commercial holdings- In case of positive result in ELISA marker were performed

supplementary laboratory tests as RT-PCR and an epidemiological enquiry to rule out CSF. Most of the positive samples were taken from

sows vaccinated with live vaccine. - All the viral test were negative.Surveillance of comercial farms in 2008 by:ELISA

(1), RT-PCR(2) and FAT(3)

20722

11832

1560136 0 0

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3

number of tested samplesnumber of positive results

Serology and RT-PCR on different age class in commercial holdings

Serological and RT-PCR sampels on different age class: sows(1), boar(2), fattening pigs(3), weaning

pigs(4), off-spring(5)

3927

1419

76517302

423

3554

1676

745 706

5071

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1 2 3 4 5

ELISA tests

RT-PCR on blood sampels

Emergency vaccination in 2008

Wild boar vaccinationVaccine baits used

- 91.111 baitsHunting Founds- 929

Feeding grounds- 2.365

Estimated vaccinated population- 42.188 boars

The control for establishing the effectiveness of wild boars vaccination is still ongoing.

Surveillance during 2007-2008 wild boars hunting campaign

WILD BOARS YOUNGER THAN 1 YEAR

WILD BOARS 1 – 2 YEARS OLD WILD BOARS OF MORE THAN 2 YEARS

Serological exam

Virusological exam RT-PCR+ FAT

Serological exam

Virusolgicalexam RT-PCR +FAT

Virusologicalexam RT-PCR +FAT

No. sam

ples

+ _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _

0 4809

4127

177

2805

02489

322852

02499

28

No.

samples

No.

samples

No

samples

No.

samples

No.

samples

4809

2805

2852

Serological exam

2527

2522

4304

Viral surveillance of wild boar 2007-2008The graphic show that in 2008 the number of viral exams increased

(12.7%) comparing with 2007.

8978

25

10285

0

8200

8400

8600

8800

9000

9200

9400

9600

9800

10000

10200

10400

1 2

Viral surveillance of wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)

number of positivesamplesnumber of tested samples

Serological surveillance of wild boars 2007-2008

The graphic shows that in 2008 the number of serological exams increased comparing with 2007 and the number of positive results decreased.

Serological surveillance of wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)

7468

9353

373 2370

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1 2

no. of tested samplesno.of positive samples

Serological surveillance in 2008 on different ages class

The 27 serological positive samples from wild boar of 1 year age class were taken in first quarter of 2008. This means that the latest infection was at the end of 2007. One of positive samples from wild boar of 1 year age has origin in a hunting found where was performed vaccination.

- No positive results at this age class were detected in recent hunting season. - We think that positive samples from this age class have epidemiological importance.

Serological surveillance of w ild boar - different age class in 2008 (1= 1year class;2= 1-2 years

class;3=more than 2 year age class)

2527 2522

4304

28 32 1770

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1 2 3

no. of testedsamples

no. of positivesamples

Prevalence and incidence of CSF in wild boar population 2007-2008

In 2008 the prevalence of CSF in wild boar population is lower than in 2007.In 2008 the incidence of CSF in wild boar population is zero – absence of viral positive results.

4.9

0.27

2.5

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2

The prevalance and incidence of CSF in wild boar in 2007(1) and 2008(2)

Incidence of CSF in wildboar populationPrevalance of CSF in wildboar population

Genotyping of Romanian isolates 2005-2007

For genotyping the Romanian isolates, both the 5’ non translated region (5’-NTR) and the E2 glycoprotein gene were sequenced at CRL - Hannover, Friedrich-Loeffler Institutes and IDAH.The Romanian isolates form a highly homologus clusterwithin subgroup 2.3.This cluster comprise isolates from different European countries like former Yugoslavia, Swityerland, Spain and other Eastern European countries.In the 5’-NTR fragment, sequence identities between theRomanian isolates were 98.6 and 100%.

Following the programme performed from December 2006 – December 2008, the following results can be noticed:

As a conclusion, the 2008 programme led to the following results:

a) The significant reduction of the virus circulation and of the clinical signs;

b) Significant, diminishing of the number of outbreaks;c) Reducing viral pressure on domestic and wild pigs; d) In Romania there were no cases of classical swine

fever notified. In the wild boar population the epidemiological

situation was improved without vaccination.

CSF – RO Programme in 2009

For 2009, the programme is approved, by Commission Decision no. 897/2008 and regarding emergency vaccination the following is mentioned:Stopping domestic pig vaccination in commercial holdings;Continuation of vaccination in non professional holdings – whole territory;wild boar vaccination – whole territory .

The programme is approved until 31 decembrie 2009.

The Romanian export of pig meat and pig meat products is the final goal of Romania and for this purpose NSVSA was requested come up with a regionalization plan in order for Romania to comply with Annex III of Commission Decision 2008/855/CE, offering the possibility, in certain conditions, to export meat and meat products in “lohn”system.

ANSVSA reviewed the procedures for a possible approval of intracommunity trade with meat products and carried out the evaluation of the establishments that requested to be put on the list.Following these evaluations only 3 establishments comply with the approval requirements. NSVFSA informed the Commission in order for the 3 establishments to be approved for “lohn” intracommunity trade.

Conclusions1. The measures taken until now through vaccination in

domestic pigs were compliant. 2. The programme approved for 2009 by Commision

Decision 897/2008 is in compliance with the current situation of classical swine fever in Romania.

3. The strategy to stop vaccination of domestic pigs and a possible regionalization, represent the necessary measures to implement the European legislation in this field, that need to be evaluated by all stakeholders involved, in order to comply with all EU specific requirements.

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