Rapidmultiplicationofplantainandbananausingmacropropagation

techniquesBY

• KAYODEMURPHY

DynamicKayagroallied/IITAIbadan08023268834

kaymurp@yahoo.co.uk

Introduction• Plantainsandseveralbananavarietiesaremainlypropagatedthroughvegetativemeans.Theslowrateofsuckermultiplicationisoneofthemajorconstraintstoplantainproduction

• Theusualprocessofsuckerremovalandtransplantinghasbeenobservedtobeinadequateandencourageinfectionandspreadofnematodeandweevils.

Introductioncont’d

• Tocounteractthese,rapidproductionofcleanmaterialshasbecomeimperative.

• Therearevariousmethodsofrapidsuckermultiplicationeachofwhichhastheiradvantagesandlimitationsdependingonthesuckertype,fieldavailableandtargetsofsuckervolumeneeded.

IntroductionCont’d

• Thechoiceofwhichtousewillhoweverbeontheoperators.Oneofthemethodswillbediscussedheresincetheotheroneshavebeenclearlyexplainedinanothertrainingmanual.

TYPESOFSUCKERS

• Peepers isayoungsuckerbearingscaleleaves•• Sword suckerhasnarrowleaves•• Maiden suckerhaslargefoliageleaves.•• Watersuckerhasbroadleaveswithnarrowrhizomebase.

ThePlantBITsTechniques• This technique involves the exploitation of the buds

present on the stem of a banana or plantain plant, either they are visible or not.

• As a matter of fact, several existing buds are lost in the field, such that for an average of 50 buds potential observed on a stem at the flowering stage, only some few can develop and most of the time only about 2 or 3 can be removed per cycle as new planting material.

• The technique is based on the fact that some meristematic areas (active growing area) identified on the stem can be activated in an artificially created medium different from field condition.

STEPSINPREPARATION

• Thisinvolvesconditioningofanex-plantobtainedfromasucker(stembit),thenstressingofthestemapicalmeristem,activationandgrowinginanappropriatemediuminparticularconditionsoftemperatureandhumidity.

Step1• Obtainswordsuckerfromanactively

growingplant.(swordsuckerbestbecauseapicaldominancewouldnothavebeeninitiated)

Step2

• Washoffsoilandpeelofftheroots,Locatethelevelofsuckerattachmenttothesoilandthenpeelthesuckersfromtopdownward.

Step3• Locatethe‘V’junctionofleavesheathkeepingyourknivesat2mmabovethepointofthevisiblebud.

Step4• Repeatstep3,until4-5leavesheathdependingonvarietyhas

beenremoved

• Reducethepseudostemto1-2cm

• Keepundershadefor48hoursbeforestep 5isrepeated

Step5

• After48hoursreducethepseudostem to2mmtolastleaf.Whiledoingthisyouarerenewingyourcutandwatchoutforthecentrepoint.

Step6• Cutthroughthecentrepointafter2mmofpsedostem leftontheex-plant.Cutthroughuntiltheknifeisfullyimmersedmakeitintheotherdirectiontomakeacross

Macrochamber

Step7• Youhaveshocktheex-plant.Keep1-2hoursundershadebeforeyouplantinthemoistfinesawdustmedium,andcoveritupto2-3cmwithsawdust

Newshootorplantlets

• 2-3weeksthebudsstartshootingout

Managementmeasures• Waterdaily,andremoveassoonasplantletshave1or2

roots.Thentransfertoweaningorshadehouse.

• Careshouldbetakenwhileremoving,cutwithsomecormpiecestoallowplantletsfoodreserve.

• Theexplantsshouldthenbereturnedafterplantletsremoval.Harvestingwillcontinuetillexplantsdeteriorate(2-3monthsafterintroductionintothehumiditychamber.

• Keepinashadehousewithlightand50%sunraysreductiontoweanorhardenthemupfor4-5weeksbeforeplantingonthefield.

ShadehousenurseryPlantinrichsterilisedtopsoilmixtureofratio7:2:1oftopsoil,poultrymanureandpalmfibreorcoffeehusk.

Conclusion

• Insummary,suckermultiplicationviathistechniquesistobeencouragedasaresultofhighproliferationofsuckerproductionwithinshorttime.

Thanksforyourattention