rapid sub-slab soil gas sampling for finding sources and ... · figure from digiulio et al., 2006,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Rapid Sub-Slab Soil Gas Sampling for Finding Sources and
Assessing Vapor Intrusion
Martin (Mort) Schmidt, CPG-08432
Ohio Brownfield Conference, May 24, 2012
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Manufacturing Facility in Ohio w/ Tetrachloroethene (PCE) Contamination in Groundwater
New Area of Interest
PCE Decline
Persistent PCE Original Areas of Interest
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Geologic Cross Section
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Chlorinated Solvent Contamination
• Tetrachloroethene (PCE) above MCL of 5 ug/L
• Breakdown products, TCE & DCE in groundwater.
• Source of contamination assumed to be former PCE degreasers or ASTs.
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Former PCE Use & Storage
Degreasers
ASTs
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Former PCE Use & Storage
Degreasers
ASTs
Earlier Overfill
Up Gradient of Well
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Unexpected Groundwater Contamination
PCE 97 ug/L TCE 8.6 ug/L
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Source Investigation
• Earlier sampling inconclusive
• Recent sampling revealed unknown
source location
• Needed to locate all possible sources
Proposed to locate source with grid of subslab soil gas
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Typical Vapor Intrusion CSM
Figure Modified After ITRC, 2007
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Conventional Subslab Sample Point
Figure from DiGiulio et al., 2006, Raymark Investigation, EPA/600/R-05/147
Tubing Connections LIMITATIONS
Seal is Prone to Leak When Connecting Tubing Difficult Working Space Cement Set Up Time Extended Open Time
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Vapor PinTM
Barbed Connection
Threaded Shoulder
Silicone Seal
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Drilling Through Slab
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Installing Point
Flush Mount
Stick-Up
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Purging and Sampling
Equilibration Monitor O2 & VOCs While Purging Withdraw Soil Gas Inject Into Evacuated Glass Vials
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Example Purge Data
0
5
10
15
20
25
4:32 PM 4:33 PM 4:34 PM 4:35 PM
Con
cent
ratio
n
Time
O2 (%)
VOCs (ppm)
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Soil Sampling vs Soil-Gas Prospecting
• Less Obtrusive than Soil Sampling
• Real-Time Data Reduces Delays and Cost
• Soil Gas Detects Nearby Sources
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Field Soil-Gas (PID) Results
Don’t Blame the Usual Suspects!
Black: 100-100,000 ppb, Calibrated for Isobutylene (57-57,000 ppb, when corrected for PCE) Gray: ND
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Lab Soil-Gas Results Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 58,000 ppb
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Lab GC to Field PID Correlation
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Lab Soil Results Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
• Soil Data Used for Remediation • Contamination ~15 ft deep • Avoided Sampling North Half of Bldg
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Groundwater Data Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Gray: ND Max Total 272 ug/L
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Building Configuration 1924 SOIL Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
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Building Configuration 1938 SOIL Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
Manufacturing Started in 1933
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Building Configuration 1950 SOIL Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
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Building Configuration 1952 SOIL Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
Contamination Probably Between 1933 and 1952
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Building Configuration 2012 SOIL Blue: PCE Red: TCE Yellow: cis-1,2-DCE Green : 111-TCA Gray: ND Max Total 241,000 ug/kg
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Benefits
• Low Costs Enable Dense Sampling Grid • Low Risk of Missing Sources • No Interruption to Plant Operations • Reduced Time Before Remediation • Faster, More Quantitative than Passive Sorbents • Sample Points Reusable • Applicable to Vapor Intrusion – Draft SOP by MI DEQ
• (Vapor PinsTM are Commercially Available)
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Pick Two!
Good
Fast
Cheap Cheap
MOST STUFF VAPOR INTRUSION
Are You Kidding?
Are You Kidding?
We Obsess on Good at the Expense of Complete
Complete
Good
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Comparison of Results from Vapor PinsTM & SwagelokTM Fittings, Michigan DEQ
Data Collected with Michigan DEQ. Includes Multiple Dates, Labs, Container Types, & Analytes. Excludes VI-12.
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Comparison of Results from Vapor PinsTM to Permanent Implants, H&P Labs, California
Samples Collected Over 2 Days (Acetone removed)
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Innovative Soil-Gas Sampling
QUESTIONS?
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O2 Concentrations Don’t Suggest Leakage
Gray: Sample Point Black: Least O2 Depletion
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Manufacturing Facility in Northern Ohio
Work Plan Showed 14 Suspected Source Areas. Existing Soil Data Didn’t Match Groundwater Plumes
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248 Soil-Gas Samples 40 feet Grid at 5 feet Below Grade
Soil Gas via GeoprobeTM & Vials
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Once Again, Not the Usual Suspects
CI = 5,000 ppb Total HVOCs
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Problems with Conventional Subslab Points
• “Compression fittings should be avoided for all connections except at the Summa canister…” Soil Gas Sampling Protocol, Missouri Risk-Based Corrective Action Technical Guidance, 2006.
• “Some leakage may occur despite the investigator’s best efforts to seal the gap between the sampling probe and the slab hole…” Guidance for Evaluating Soil VI in WA State, Investigation and Remedial Action, Draft, October 2009.
• “7.3.1 If the probe assembly breaks loose from the anchoring compound while removing or installing the hex socket plug…” Vapor Intrusion Guidance, Ohio EPA, May, 2010.
• “Only two probes were sampled using EPA Method TO-15 because one probe P[B], became loose during sampling…” DiGiulio et al., 2006, EPA Raymark Investigation.
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Background VOCs
Figure from USEPA 2011, Background Indoor Air Concentrations, EPA /530/R-10/001