rangeland management 100 - nm indian livestockindianlivestock.nmsu.edu/documents/rangeland -...
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New Mexico State UniversityRange Improvement Task ForceCooperative Extension Service / Agricultural Experiment Station College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences
Nick AshcroftRangeland Management Specialist
Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Rangeland Management: Nutrition
02468
101214161820
CP,
% (O
M b
asis
)
Low High Avg NRC requirement - Cow
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
TDN
, % (O
M b
asis
)
Low High Avg NRC Requirement - Cow
How is this affected by rangeland management?
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value (animal)
New Mexico State University
• ChemicalDigestibilityPassage rateIntake-forage & water
•••
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value (plant)
New Mexico State University
• Numerous and interrelated– Stage of maturity– Soil– Climate– Plant species– Livestock – Range condition
/management
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State University
• Stage of maturity– Grasses decrease
with maturity
– Forbs early portion of growing season
– Browse little change
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Young Mature Leached Stage of Growth
Fora
ge
Qua
lity
High
Low
ProteinEnergyVitaminsMinerals
FiberLignin
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State Universityhttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/forages/projects/regrowth/main.cfm?PageID=1
Young Mature Leached
Fora
ge
Qua
lity
High
Low
ProteinEnergyVitaminsMinerals
FiberLignin
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
Cooperative Extension Service
• Soil– Water holding capacity
• Texture• Porosity• Poor aerated soils decrease essential
elements• Phosphorus 6-7 pH• Mild burning releases minerals
Range Improvement Task ForceExtension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State University
• Climate– Temperature, precipitation, light, and
humidity.• Soil temperatures 600 to 800F increase
nitrogen
– Precipitation• Soil moisture- increases nitrogen,
phosphorus, and ether extract.• Leaching of nutrients• Too much, too little
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State University
• Plant species- More important than soil or management– Composition– Palatability – Part and age– Season of growth-
• Cool season grasses higher in crude protein and digestibility
– Secondary compounds
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State University
• Livestock class– Diets
• What they eat• Digestion system• Selectivity
– Requirements• Protein• Energy• Phosphorus
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
Factors Affecting Nutritive Value
New Mexico State University
• Range condition /management– Intensity
• Heavy grazing • Light to moderate grazing
– Frequency• Frequent grazing decreases production
• Intake– Forage Production– Composition- Diversity– Residual forage
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
New Mexico State UniversityYoung Mature Leached
Fora
ge
Qua
lity
High
Low
ProteinEnergyVitaminsMinerals
FiberLignin
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Production and Crude Protein(warm and cool season grasses)
% annual production (W+C) % crude protein (W+C) Cow requirements
Principles in Range/Grazing Management1. Timing- time of year grazed2. Duration- how long grazed,
forage rest and recovery3. Distribution- equal grazing
entire pasture4. *Intensity- head/acre/time
(stocking rate)
New Mexico State UniversityRange Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
New Mexico State University
Questions
New Mexico State University
Nick Ashcroft- Range Specialist- RITF/[email protected] 575-646-5394 office
Range Improvement Task Force Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources
New Mexico State University