ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......examples of ramsey classes example the...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ramsey classes with algebraical closure andforbidden homomorphisms
Honza Hubicka
Institute of Computer ScienceCharles University
Prague
Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Calgary
Calgary
Joint work with Jaroslav Nešetril
Algebraic and Model Theoretical Methods in ConstraintSatisfaction
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 2: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ramsey classes
We consider relational structures in language L without functionsymbols.
DefinitionA class C (of finite relational structures) is Ramsey iff
∀A,B∈C∃C∈C : C −→ (B)A2 .
(BA
)is set of all substructures of B isomorphic to A.
C −→ (B)A2 : For every 2-coloring of
(CA
)there exists B ∈
(CB
)such that
(BA
)is monochromatic.
A B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 3: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ramsey classes
We consider relational structures in language L without functionsymbols.
DefinitionA class C (of finite relational structures) is Ramsey iff
∀A,B∈C∃C∈C : C −→ (B)A2 .(B
A
)is set of all substructures of B isomorphic to A.
C −→ (B)A2 : For every 2-coloring of
(CA
)there exists B ∈
(CB
)such that
(BA
)is monochromatic.
A B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 4: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ramsey classes
We consider relational structures in language L without functionsymbols.
DefinitionA class C (of finite relational structures) is Ramsey iff
∀A,B∈C∃C∈C : C −→ (B)A2 .(B
A
)is set of all substructures of B isomorphic to A.
C −→ (B)A2 : For every 2-coloring of
(CA
)there exists B ∈
(CB
)such that
(BA
)is monochromatic.
A B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 5: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ramsey classes
We consider relational structures in language L without functionsymbols.
DefinitionA class C (of finite relational structures) is Ramsey iff
∀A,B∈C∃C∈C : C −→ (B)A2 .(B
A
)is set of all substructures of B isomorphic to A.
C −→ (B)A2 : For every 2-coloring of
(CA
)there exists B ∈
(CB
)such that
(BA
)is monochromatic.
A B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 6: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey classes
ExampleThe class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.
. . .
Example (Non-example)The class of all directed graphs is not Ramsey.
A B
Every C can be linearly ordered. If edge is goes forward inlinear order it is red, blue otherwise.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 7: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey classes
ExampleThe class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.
. . .
Example (Non-example)The class of all directed graphs is not Ramsey.
A B
Every C can be linearly ordered. If edge is goes forward inlinear order it is red, blue otherwise.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 8: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey classes
ExampleThe class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.
. . .
Example (Non-example)The class of all directed graphs is not Ramsey.
A B
Every C can be linearly ordered. If edge is goes forward inlinear order it is red, blue otherwise.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 9: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey classes
ExampleThe class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.
. . .
Example (Non-example)The class of all directed graphs is not Ramsey.
A B
Every C can be linearly ordered. If edge is goes forward inlinear order it is red, blue otherwise.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 10: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nešetril-Rödl Theorem
A structure A is called complete (or irreducible) if every pair ofdistinct vertices belong to a relation of A.
Theorem (Nešetril-Rödl Theorem, 1977)Let L be a finite relational language involving unaryrelations U1,U2, . . . ,UN .Let E be a set of complete ordered L-structures.
Let C be the class of all ordered of L-structuresA ∈ ForbE(E) where the admissible ordering ≤A satisfies
x < y whenever (x) ∈ U iA and (y) ∈ U j
A, i < j .
Then the class C together with admissible orderings is aRamsey class.
ForbE(E) is a class of all finite structures A such that there is noembedding from E ∈ E to A.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 11: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nešetril-Rödl Theorem
A structure A is called complete (or irreducible) if every pair ofdistinct vertices belong to a relation of A.
Theorem (Nešetril-Rödl Theorem, 1977)Let L be a finite relational language involving unaryrelations U1,U2, . . . ,UN .Let E be a set of complete ordered L-structures.Let C be the class of all ordered of L-structuresA ∈ ForbE(E) where the admissible ordering ≤A satisfies
x < y whenever (x) ∈ U iA and (y) ∈ U j
A, i < j .
Then the class C together with admissible orderings is aRamsey class.
ForbE(E) is a class of all finite structures A such that there is noembedding from E ∈ E to A.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 12: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nešetril-Rödl Theorem
A structure A is called complete (or irreducible) if every pair ofdistinct vertices belong to a relation of A.
Theorem (Nešetril-Rödl Theorem, 1977)Let L be a finite relational language involving unaryrelations U1,U2, . . . ,UN .Let E be a set of complete ordered L-structures.Let C be the class of all ordered of L-structuresA ∈ ForbE(E) where the admissible ordering ≤A satisfies
x < y whenever (x) ∈ U iA and (y) ∈ U j
A, i < j .
Then the class C together with admissible orderings is aRamsey class.
ForbE(E) is a class of all finite structures A such that there is noembedding from E ∈ E to A.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 13: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey lifts
ExampleGraphs with order are Ramsey.
ExampleAcyclic graphs with linear extension are Ramsey.
ExampleBipartite graphs with unary relation identifying bipartition andwith convex linear order are Ramsey.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 14: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey lifts
ExampleGraphs with order are Ramsey.
ExampleAcyclic graphs with linear extension are Ramsey.
ExampleBipartite graphs with unary relation identifying bipartition andwith convex linear order are Ramsey.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 15: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Examples of Ramsey lifts
ExampleGraphs with order are Ramsey.
ExampleAcyclic graphs with linear extension are Ramsey.
ExampleBipartite graphs with unary relation identifying bipartition andwith convex linear order are Ramsey.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 16: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ramsey classes are amalgamation classes
Definition (Amalgamation property of class K)
Nešetril, 80’s: Under mild assumptions Ramsey classes haveamalgamation property.
A
A
B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Ramsey classes are amalgamation classes
Definition (Amalgamation property of class K)
Nešetril, 80’s: Under mild assumptions Ramsey classes haveamalgamation property.
A
A
B
C
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Classification programme
Classification programme
Ramsey classes =⇒ amalgamation classes⇑ ⇓
lifts of homogeneous ⇐= homogeneous structures
Many amalgamation classes are given by the classificationprogramme of homogeneous structures.Can we always find a Ramsey lift?
Theorem (Nešetril, 1989)All homogeneous graphs have Ramsey lift.
Theorem (Jasinski,Laflamme,Nguyen Van Thé,Woodrow, 2014)
All homogeneous digraphs have Ramsey lift.
Our focus: Ramsey lifts of some ages of ω-categoricalstructures
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 19: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Classification programme
Classification programme
Ramsey classes =⇒ amalgamation classes⇑ ⇓
lifts of homogeneous ⇐= homogeneous structures
Many amalgamation classes are given by the classificationprogramme of homogeneous structures.Can we always find a Ramsey lift?
Theorem (Nešetril, 1989)All homogeneous graphs have Ramsey lift.
Theorem (Jasinski,Laflamme,Nguyen Van Thé,Woodrow, 2014)
All homogeneous digraphs have Ramsey lift.
Our focus: Ramsey lifts of some ages of ω-categoricalstructures
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 20: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Classification programme
Classification programme
Ramsey classes =⇒ amalgamation classes⇑ ⇓
lifts of homogeneous ⇐= homogeneous structures
Many amalgamation classes are given by the classificationprogramme of homogeneous structures.Can we always find a Ramsey lift?
Theorem (Nešetril, 1989)All homogeneous graphs have Ramsey lift.
Theorem (Jasinski,Laflamme,Nguyen Van Thé,Woodrow, 2014)
All homogeneous digraphs have Ramsey lift.
Our focus: Ramsey lifts of some ages of ω-categoricalstructures
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 21: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Classification programme
Classification programme
Ramsey classes =⇒ amalgamation classes⇑ ⇓
lifts of homogeneous ⇐= homogeneous structures
Many amalgamation classes are given by the classificationprogramme of homogeneous structures.Can we always find a Ramsey lift?
Theorem (Nešetril, 1989)All homogeneous graphs have Ramsey lift.
Theorem (Jasinski,Laflamme,Nguyen Van Thé,Woodrow, 2014)
All homogeneous digraphs have Ramsey lift.
Our focus: Ramsey lifts of some ages of ω-categoricalstructures
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 22: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Structures with forbidden homomorphisms
Let F be a family of relational structures. We denote byForbH(F) the class of all finite structures A such that there is noF ∈ F ,F→ A.
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)For every finite family F of finite connected relational structuresthere is an ω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
Every ω-categorical structure can be lifted tohomogeneous.Explicit homogenization is given by H. and Nešetril (2009).
Theorem (Nešetril, 2010)
For every finite F there is a Ramsey lift of ForbH(F).
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 23: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Structures with forbidden homomorphisms
Let F be a family of relational structures. We denote byForbH(F) the class of all finite structures A such that there is noF ∈ F ,F→ A.
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)For every finite family F of finite connected relational structuresthere is an ω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
Every ω-categorical structure can be lifted tohomogeneous.Explicit homogenization is given by H. and Nešetril (2009).
Theorem (Nešetril, 2010)
For every finite F there is a Ramsey lift of ForbH(F).
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 24: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Structures with forbidden homomorphisms
Let F be a family of relational structures. We denote byForbH(F) the class of all finite structures A such that there is noF ∈ F ,F→ A.
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)For every finite family F of finite connected relational structuresthere is an ω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
Every ω-categorical structure can be lifted tohomogeneous.Explicit homogenization is given by H. and Nešetril (2009).
Theorem (Nešetril, 2010)
For every finite F there is a Ramsey lift of ForbH(F).
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 25: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Structures with forbidden homomorphisms
Let F be a family of relational structures. We denote byForbH(F) the class of all finite structures A such that there is noF ∈ F ,F→ A.
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)For every finite family F of finite connected relational structuresthere is an ω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
Every ω-categorical structure can be lifted tohomogeneous.Explicit homogenization is given by H. and Nešetril (2009).
Theorem (Nešetril, 2010)
For every finite F there is a Ramsey lift of ForbH(F).
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 26: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Infinite families of forbidden substructures
Definition(Possibly infinite) family F is regularizable if there isω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
. . . and we have an explicit description of such classesgeneralizing the notion of regular languages.
DefinitionClass F (of relational structures) is locally finite in class C if forevery A ∈ C there is only finitely many structures F ∈ F , F→ A.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structures, F be a regularfamily of connected structures. Assume that F is locally finite inForbE(E). Then class ForbE(E) ∩ ForbH(F) has Ramsey lift.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 27: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Infinite families of forbidden substructures
Definition(Possibly infinite) family F is regularizable if there isω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
. . . and we have an explicit description of such classesgeneralizing the notion of regular languages.
DefinitionClass F (of relational structures) is locally finite in class C if forevery A ∈ C there is only finitely many structures F ∈ F , F→ A.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structures, F be a regularfamily of connected structures. Assume that F is locally finite inForbE(E). Then class ForbE(E) ∩ ForbH(F) has Ramsey lift.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 28: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Infinite families of forbidden substructures
Definition(Possibly infinite) family F is regularizable if there isω-categorical structure that is universal for ForbH(F).
. . . and we have an explicit description of such classesgeneralizing the notion of regular languages.
DefinitionClass F (of relational structures) is locally finite in class C if forevery A ∈ C there is only finitely many structures F ∈ F , F→ A.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structures, F be a regularfamily of connected structures. Assume that F is locally finite inForbE(E). Then class ForbE(E) ∩ ForbH(F) has Ramsey lift.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (Nešetril Rödl)Partial orders have Ramsey lift.
P = (V ,≤,≺,⊥)
Forbidden complete substructures E :
Forbidden homomorphic images F :
. . .Structures in ForbE(E) ∪ ForbH(F) can be completed into partialorders without affecting existing ≺ and ⊥ relations.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (Nešetril Rödl)Partial orders have Ramsey lift.
P = (V ,≤,≺,⊥)Forbidden complete substructures E :
Forbidden homomorphic images F :
. . .Structures in ForbE(E) ∪ ForbH(F) can be completed into partialorders without affecting existing ≺ and ⊥ relations.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (Nešetril Rödl)Partial orders have Ramsey lift.
P = (V ,≤,≺,⊥)Forbidden complete substructures E :
Forbidden homomorphic images F :
. . .
Structures in ForbE(E) ∪ ForbH(F) can be completed into partialorders without affecting existing ≺ and ⊥ relations.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (Nešetril Rödl)Partial orders have Ramsey lift.
P = (V ,≤,≺,⊥)Forbidden complete substructures E :
Forbidden homomorphic images F :
. . .Structures in ForbE(E) ∪ ForbH(F) can be completed into partialorders without affecting existing ≺ and ⊥ relations.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 33: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 34: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 35: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 36: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 37: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Other Corollaries
Metric spaces with bounded discrete metric
(by forbidding cycles that violate triangular inequality)
Metric spaces (Nešetril, 2005)
(for every given A and B it translates to previous case)
Graph metric spaces . . . and subclases.
Can we handle the complete catalogue?
Forbidden odd cycles up to given a length L.
All finite families F are regular.
This does not generalize to bipartite graphs!J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Classes with closures
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)LetM be finite family of finite connected structures. There isω-categorical universal structure for ForbM(M) iff if thealgebraic closure is locally finite.
ForbM(M) is a class of all finite structures A such that there isno monomorphism from E ∈ E to A.
The easiest example of such class is the class of bow-tie-freegraphs. Does it have Ramsey expansion?
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Classes with closures
Theorem (Cherlin,Shelah,Shi 1998)LetM be finite family of finite connected structures. There isω-categorical universal structure for ForbM(M) iff if thealgebraic closure is locally finite.
ForbM(M) is a class of all finite structures A such that there isno monomorphism from E ∈ E to A.
The easiest example of such class is the class of bow-tie-freegraphs. Does it have Ramsey expansion?
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Unary closures
We extend the language by binary relation C representingclosure edges.The unary closure description U is a set of permitted (open)C-out-neighborhoods with only one possible neighborhood forevery substructure on 1 vertex.
DefinitionWe say that structure A is U-closed if for every vertex v the isstructure induced on its C-out-neighborhood is in U.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structure and U an unaryclosure description. Then the class of all U-closed structures inForbE(E) has Ramsey lift.
The class of U-closed structures can be homogenized tohereditary lift (with finitely many new relations) preserving R. p.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Unary closures
We extend the language by binary relation C representingclosure edges.The unary closure description U is a set of permitted (open)C-out-neighborhoods with only one possible neighborhood forevery substructure on 1 vertex.
DefinitionWe say that structure A is U-closed if for every vertex v the isstructure induced on its C-out-neighborhood is in U.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structure and U an unaryclosure description. Then the class of all U-closed structures inForbE(E) has Ramsey lift.
The class of U-closed structures can be homogenized tohereditary lift (with finitely many new relations) preserving R. p.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Unary closures
We extend the language by binary relation C representingclosure edges.The unary closure description U is a set of permitted (open)C-out-neighborhoods with only one possible neighborhood forevery substructure on 1 vertex.
DefinitionWe say that structure A is U-closed if for every vertex v the isstructure induced on its C-out-neighborhood is in U.
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)Let E be a family of complete ordered structure and U an unaryclosure description. Then the class of all U-closed structures inForbE(E) has Ramsey lift.
The class of U-closed structures can be homogenized tohereditary lift (with finitely many new relations) preserving R. p.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)The class of graphs not containing bow-tie as non-inducedsubgraph have Ramsey lift.
Bow-tie graph:
Amalgamation of two triangles must unify vertices.
Wrong!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Theorem (H., Nešetril, 2014)The class of graphs not containing bow-tie as non-inducedsubgraph have Ramsey lift.
Bow-tie graph:
Amalgamation of two triangles must unify vertices.
Wrong!
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Structure of bow-tie-free graphs
Edges in no triangles Edges in 1 triangle Edges in > 1 triangles
Closure of a vertex v = all endpoints of red edges contained intriangles containing v .
LemmaBow-tie-free graphs have free amalgamation over closed structures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Structure of bow-tie-free graphs
Edges in no triangles Edges in 1 triangle Edges in > 1 trianglesClosure of a vertex v = all endpoints of red edges contained intriangles containing v .
LemmaBow-tie-free graphs have free amalgamation over closed structures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Structure of bow-tie-free graphs
Edges in no triangles Edges in 1 triangle Edges in > 1 trianglesClosure of a vertex v = all endpoints of red edges contained intriangles containing v .
LemmaBow-tie-free graphs have free amalgamation over closed structures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Closure description U:
By E describe 3-edge-colored and 7-vertex-colored graph withclosure edges and forbid all triangles except for B-B-R andR-R-R.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Example
Closure description U:
By E describe 3-edge-colored and 7-vertex-colored graph withclosure edges and forbid all triangles except for B-B-R andR-R-R.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Further applications
Cherlin-Shelah-Shi classes with single constraint(ForbM(F) where |F| = 1)
Can each of these classes be described as a freeamalgamation class over unary closure?
Semigeneric homogeneous digraph
An interesting case where fictive closure needs to beadded to produce Ramsey lift.
Line graphs
Some non-unary closures can be expanded to unaryclosures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
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Further applications
Cherlin-Shelah-Shi classes with single constraint(ForbM(F) where |F| = 1)
Can each of these classes be described as a freeamalgamation class over unary closure?
Semigeneric homogeneous digraph
An interesting case where fictive closure needs to beadded to produce Ramsey lift.
Line graphs
Some non-unary closures can be expanded to unaryclosures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 59: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Further applications
Cherlin-Shelah-Shi classes with single constraint(ForbM(F) where |F| = 1)
Can each of these classes be described as a freeamalgamation class over unary closure?
Semigeneric homogeneous digraph
An interesting case where fictive closure needs to beadded to produce Ramsey lift.
Line graphs
Some non-unary closures can be expanded to unaryclosures.
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms
![Page 60: Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden ......Examples of Ramsey classes Example The class of all finite linear orders is Ramsey.... Example (Non-example) The class](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022060917/60aa422d4b304545457b7198/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Thank you. . .
J. Hubicka Ramsey classes with algebraical closure and forbidden homomorphisms