rains review 2004 the rains model: communication
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RAINS review 2004
The RAINS model:
Communication
Channels for communication
• On-line access to RAINS via the Internet
• RAINS home page: all documentation, reports, data, presentation material, discussion forum
• Bilateral consultations with stakeholders
• Policy reports
• Presentations at policy meetings, scientific conferences, etc.
• National versions of RAINS (Italy, Netherlands, Hungary, Sweden?, Norway?)
On-line access to RAINS
• Full version of RAINS is freely open on the Internet:http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/tap/RainsWeb/RainsLogin.htm
• At present, up to 1000 visits per day
• Earlier version available during NEC & Gothenburg negotiations, extremely popular.
• RAINS home page:
www.iiasa.ac.at/rains
Stakeholder consultations
• Stakeholder meetings:
– Energy: May 2003, Brussels
– Agriculture: October 2003, Brussels
• Bilateral consultations:
– Series of bilateral consultations with all MS and industry
– Up to now 13 consultations with 70 experts.
– Typically, comprehensive studies are prepared in advance by countries.
• 2nd round planned for 2005
The Acidification Story In EuropeThe Acidification Story In Europe
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
As presented at a Concawe internal briefingCourtesy of Les White
Establishing the TargetsEstablishing the Targets
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Map Showing Percentage of Ecosystems Map Showing Percentage of Ecosystems Exceeding Critical Load: 2010 Base CaseExceeding Critical Load: 2010 Base Case
Map Showing 2-Percentile Critical LoadMap Showing 2-Percentile Critical LoadFor Acidification (ClFor Acidification (Clssmax) eq/ha/yearmax) eq/ha/year
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Incr
easi
ng S
ulph
ur D
epos
ition
Incr
easi
ng S
ulph
ur D
epos
ition
Increasing Nitrogen DepositionIncreasing Nitrogen Deposition
Target “Box”Target “Box”For “Full” EcosystemFor “Full” Ecosystem
ProtectionProtection
Setting Acid Deposition TargetsSetting Acid Deposition TargetsTo Protect Ecosystems To Protect Ecosystems
Policies to ReducePolicies to ReduceSulphur and NitrogenSulphur and Nitrogen
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Map showing Percentage Map showing Percentage of Ecosystems Exceedingof Ecosystems ExceedingCritical Load:Critical Load: 2010 Base Case2010 Base Case
Note: zero critical loadNote: zero critical loadexceedance in S-Europeexceedance in S-Europe
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Les WhiteLes White Europia/Concawe Briefing, December 2001 Europia/Concawe Briefing, December 2001
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Impact of Move to NECD As Proposed by Commission-SOImpact of Move to NECD As Proposed by Commission-SO22 and NO and NOxx
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Impact of Move to NECD As Proposed by Commission-SOImpact of Move to NECD As Proposed by Commission-SO22, NO, NOxx and NH and NH33
Determining the Least Cost Determining the Least Cost Means of Achieving The TargetsMeans of Achieving The Targets
(Gothenburg and NECD vs. LCPD and IPPC)(Gothenburg and NECD vs. LCPD and IPPC)
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Spain: SOx Cost CurveMarginal Cost vs Residual Emissions
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Residual Emissions in 2010 kT SOx
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ve C
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Cost of Base: 809 MEuro/y
BaseBase
Gothenburg Cost: + Zero
NECD CCP/EP Cost: +9 MEuro/y
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002
Spain: SOx Cost CurveMarginal Cost vs Residual Emissions
0
2500
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10000
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150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Residual Emissions in 2010 kT SOx
Ma
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LCPD Old-New Upgrade
Cost of Base: 809 MEuro/y
BaseBase
Gothenburg Cost: + Zero
LCPD Cost: + 314 MEuro/y
“Dutch” IPPC: +410 MEuro/y
NECD CCP/EP Cost: +9 MEuro/y
Les WhiteLes White Concawe Briefing, March 2002 Concawe Briefing, March 2002