rain garden rebate program - : water resources program …water.rutgers.edu › projects ›...
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RAIN GARDEN REBATE
PROGRAM
RAIN GARDEN EDUCATION WORKSHOP
FOR PROPERTY OWNERS IN BRIDGEWATER, HILLSBOROUGH, RARITAN BOROUGH, AND SOMERVILLE
March 2017
water.rutgers.edu
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Assent Statement
• “This workshop is part of a research project conducted by Rutgers
Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program to determine
whether financial rebate incentives encourage property owners to
install a rain garden on their property. Participation is voluntary and
is open to all property owners in Bridgewater, Hillsborough, the
Borough of Raritan, and Somerville.
• For further information contact Sara Mellor at 14 College Farm
Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, 848-932-6747 or
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What happens to the rain in our watersheds?
It is absorbed by plants…
It infiltrates into soils…
It evaporates…
It runs off of rooftops and pavement…
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What is stormwater?
Stormwater is the
water from rain or
melting snows that can
become “runoff,”
flowing over the
ground surface and
returning to lakes and
streams.
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Pollutants Found in RunoffSediment
Soil particles transported from their source
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) ● Oxygen depleting materialLeavesOrganic material
Toxics● Pesticides Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides
● Metals (naturally occurring in soil, automotive emissions/ tires) Lead Zinc Mercury
● Petroleum Hydrocarbons (automotive exhaust and fuel/oil)
DebrisLitter and illegal dumping
Nutrients● Various types of materials that become dissolved and suspended in water (commonly found in fertilizer and plant material): Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Bacteria/ Pathogens
Originating from:
● Pets
● Waterfowl
● Failing septic systems
Thermal StressHeated runoff, removal of streamside vegetation
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Impervious
surfaces
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Impervious
surfaces
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more
development
More impervious
surfaces
more stormwater
runoff
10% 20% 30% 55%
The Impact of Development on
Stormwater Runoff
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Connected or Disconnected?
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The Solution…
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Rain GardensA rain garden is a landscaped, shallow depression
that is designed to intercept, treat, and infiltrate
stormwater at the source before it becomes runoff.
The plants used in the rain garden are native to the
region and help retain pollutants that could otherwise
harm nearby waterways.
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Rain Gardens
Courtesy of City of Maplewood, MN
24 to 48 hours.
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PARTS OF A RAIN GARDENp. 28
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PLANNING YOUR RAIN GARDEN
SITE SELECTION & DESIGN
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SITE SELECTION
1. Next to a building with a basement, rain garden should be located min. 10’ from building; no basement: 2’ from building
2. Do not place rain garden within 25’ of a septic system
3. Do not situate rain garden in soggy places where water already ponds
4. Avoid seasonably-high water tables within 2’ of rain garden depth
5. Consider flat areas first – easier digging
6. Avoid placing rain garden within dripline of trees
7. Provide adequate space for rain garden
p. 17
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CALL BEFORE YOU DIG
• Free markout of underground gas, water, sewer, cable, telephone, and electric utility lines
• Call at least 3 full working days, but not more than 10 days, prior to planned installation date
• Do not place rain garden within 5’ horizontally and 1’ vertically from any utilities
p. 18
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p. 20DRAINAGE AREA
CALCULATION
ROOF 1
ROOF 1
WIDTHLENGTH 1
LENGTH 2
ROOF 2
DRAINAGE AREA
ROOF 1
Surface Area
= (L1 x W) + (L2 x W)
= (15’ x 20’) + (10’ x 20’)
= (300’) + (200’)
= 500 ft2
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DRAINAGE AREA:
THE ROOFTOP SCENARIO
p. 21
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CHECK YOUR SOIL
• Infiltration/Percolation Test
1. Dig a hole in the proposed rain garden site (12” deep, 4-6” wide)
2. Fill with water to saturate soil and then let stand until all the water has drained into the soil
3. Once water has drained, refill the empty hole again with water so that the water level is about 1” from the top of the hole
4. Check depth of water with a ruler every hour for at least 4 hours
5. Calculate how many inches of water drained per hour
p. 22
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DETERMINING THE DEPTH
OF THE RAIN GARDEN
p. 24
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DETERMINING THE DEPTH
OF THE RAIN GARDEN
p. 25
• Depth of rain garden is dependent upon the soil texture found
at the site of the rain garden
• Depth is usually 3-8 inches
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DETERMINING THE SIZE
OF THE RAIN GARDEN
• The size of the rain garden is dependent upon the amount of
runoff entering the rain garden
p. 25
Rain Garden Sizing Table Based on New Jersey’s Water Quality Design Storm (1.25” of rain over 2 hours)
Drainage Area
Size of 3” Deep Rain Garden
CLAY SOIL*
Size of 6” Deep
Rain Garden
SILTY SOIL
Size of 8” Deep
Rain Garden
SANDY SOIL
500 ft2 200 ft2 100 ft2 75 ft2
750 ft2 350 ft2 150 ft2 112 ft2
1,000 ft2 400 ft2 200 ft2 149 ft2
1,500 ft2 600 ft2 300 ft2 224 ft2
2,000 ft2 800 ft2 400 ft2 299 ft2
*SOIL TEXTURE AMENDMENTS NEEDED
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• Soil texture amendments improve the rain garden’s infiltration rate.
SOIL TEXTURE AMENDMENTS
compost
coarse sand
mulch
river rocks
p. 26
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p. 26
SOIL QUALITY AMENDMENTS
• Soil quality amendments improve the rain
garden’s growing conditions for plants
• Improve soil’s nutrient capacity
REMEMBER:
Your rain garden should
NOT be permanently filled
with water – it should drain
within 24 hours.
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DETERMINING THE
INLET AND OVERFLOW• Stormwater runoff enters
the rain garden from an inlet
• Stormwater exits through the overflow
p. 27
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PREVENTING EROSION
• Slope no greater than 3:1
• Slow down velocity of water flowing through rain garden– Add rocks to inlet area
p. 27
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DETERMINING MULCH
QUANTITY
• Allow for a 3” depth mulch
(triple-shredded hardwood
with no dye) to be spread
throughout the entire rain
garden
• Every 100 square feet of rain
garden needs 1 cubic yards
(3” depth)
p. 27
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RAIN GARDEN DESIGN
SHAPING YOUR RAIN GARDEN
• Use a garden hose or rope to outline
the desired shape of your rain
garden on the ground
• Many rain gardens are in the shape
of a circle or kidney bean, but your
rain garden can take on whatever
shape you prefer
p. 29
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SELECTING PLANTS FOR
YOUR RAIN GARDEN
• The success of your rain garden depends on
selecting the right plants for the right place
• Plant your rain garden with plants adapted for
your specific site
• Native plants can thrive without a lot of care,
extra water, fertilizer, or pesticides
• Native plants are tolerant to dry and wet
conditions
p. 29
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PLANT SELECTION
Select species based upon the
following qualities:
• Plant size
• Moisture tolerances
• Sun preferences
• Plant aggressiveness
• Salt tolerance
• Habitat creation
p. 30
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PLANTING DESIGN TIPS
• Plants that prefer wet conditions should be planted in the deepest part (the base) of the rain garden
• Create depth in the rain garden by placing large and tall plants in the back, smaller plants in the front
• Plant masses of the same species together in odd numbers
• Incorporate plants that have visual interest in the fall and winter
• Native plants provide habitat to animals and require less watering
p. 30
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INSTALLING YOUR RAIN GARDEN
THE FUN PART!
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STEP ONE• Delineate rain garden area
• Remove existing grass with a shovel or machinery
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STEP TWO
• Excavate to design depth based on necessary
storage and soil amendment requirements
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STEP THREE• Add soil amendments, if necessary
• Combine amendments with existing soil using shovels or rototiller
• Loosen and prepare soil for grading and planting
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STEP FOUR• Prepare the berm, if necessary
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STEP FIVE• Prepare the overflow
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STEP SIX• Level the rain garden base
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• Plant native species
STEP SEVEN
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STEP EIGHT• Apply mulch
• Allow for a 3” depth mulch (triple-shredded hardwood with no dye) to be
spread throughout the entire rain garden
• For every 100 square feet of rain garden, you will need about 1 cubic yard
of mulch (3” depth)
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STEP NINE• Water Plants
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STEP TEN• Appreciate a job well done
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MAINTAINING YOUR RAIN GARDEN
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
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MAINTENANCE MEASURES
WEEKLY TASKS:
1. Watering
2. Weeding
3. Inspecting
ANNUAL TASKS:
1. Mulching
2. Pruning
3. Re-planting
4. Removing sediment
5. Soil Testing
6. Harvesting Plants
7. Cleaning of Gutters
8. Replacing materials (stone,
landscape fabric)
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• For detailed maintenance practices go to the
Rain Garden Rebate Program website to view
a Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation
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RAIN GARDEN PLANTING DESIGN
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DESIGN AESTHETICS
• Formal or traditional design– Shrub bed
– Perennial garden
– Hedges
• Naturalized planting & design– Butterfly garden
– Meadow (warm season grasses & wildflowers)
– Buffer plantings
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SITE CONSTRAINTS
• Sun vs. shade
• Exposure/wind
• Soil characteristics
• Hydrologic
conditions
• Road salts
• Vehicle/pedestrian
traffic
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PLANTS IN THE RIGHT PLACE…
Courtesy of Pinelands Nursery & Supply
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Rain Garden Zones
PLANTING DESIGN: Wet + Dry Conditions
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SELECTING PLANT SPECIES
• Mature plant size– Proximity to buildings
and utility lines
– Pruning and shaping
• Seasonal interest– Flowers
– Fall color
– Winter character
• Beneficial wildlife– Flowers for butterflies
– Fruits for song birds
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GRASSES & GROUND COVERS
BUFFER BASE
• Big bluestem
• Virginia wild-rye
• Switchgrass
• Wool grass
• Broomsedge
• Bearberry
• Panic grass
• Switchgrass
• Little bluestem
• Indiangrass
SLOPE
• Bluejoint grass
• Sedges
• Fowl mannagrass
• Softrush
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GRASSES & GROUND COVERS
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WILDFLOWERS & FERNS
BUFFER BASE
• New England aster
• New York aster
• Columbine
• Coreopsis
• Joe-pye weed
• Blazing star
• Sensitive fern
• Cinnamon fern
• Ironweed
• Butterfly milkweed
• Wild indigo
• Purple coneflower
• Beebalm
• Black-eyed susan
SLOPE
• Swamp milkweed
• Marsh marigold
• Turtlehead
• Boneset
• Rose-
mallow/hibiscus
• Blueflag iris
• Cardinal flower
• Blue lobelia
• Monkey flower
• Royal fern
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WILDFLOWERS & FERNS
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TREES & SHRUBS
BUFFER BASE
• Red Maple
• Service Berry
• River Birch
• Silky Dogwood
• Red-twig Dogwood
• Inkberry Holly
• Winterberry
• SweetbayMagnolia
• Hackberry
• Red Bud
• Pepperbush
• American Holly
• Bayberry
• Witchhazel
• White Oak
• Red Oak
• ArrowwoodViburnum
SLOPE
• River Birch
• Buttonbush
• Silky Dogwood
• Green Ash
• Swamp White Oak
• Pin Oak
• Cranberrybush
Viburnum
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TREES & SHRUBS
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PLANTING DESIGN
Considerations:
• Native Species
• Tolerance of both wet + dry conditions
• Mature size of plants
• Aesthetics (layering, clustering, unity)
• Value for wildlife
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PLANTING DESIGN: Native Plants
NATIVE PLANTS:
• Provide habitat areas
• Adapted to local conditions
(soil, temperature, weather)
• Attract other natives (migratory birds, beneficial insects and butterflies)
• Reduce the need for irrigation
• Reduce the need for maintenance
• Reduce the use of fertilizer
• Reduce the use of pesticides
• Absorb water more efficiently
than turf-style grasses
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PLANTING DESIGN: Mature Size of Plants
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Installed Rain Gardens by
Rebate Participants in
Bridgewater, Somerville and Raritan
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Roof Runoff
Design Installed Rain Garden
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Parking Lot Runoff
Design Installed Rain Garden
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Roof, Sump Pump and Driveway
Runoff
Design Installed Rain Garden
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Roof Runoff
Design Installed Rain Garden
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Driveway Runoff
Design Rain Garden Installed
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Roof Runoff from Rain Barrel
Overflow
Design Installed Rain Garden
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Roof Runoff
Installed Rain GardenDesign
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Garage Roof Runoff and
Rain Barrel Overflow
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Take Home Handouts
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Impervious Surfaces:
• Rooftop(s)
• Driveway(s)
• Walkway(s)
• Deck(s)
• Patio(s)
• Shed(s)
Drainage Area:
Handout Guidance
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CHECK YOUR SOIL
• Infiltration/Percolation Test
1. Dig a hole in the proposed rain garden site (12” deep, 4-6” wide)
2. Fill with water to saturate soil and then let stand until all the water has drained into the soil
3. Once water has drained, refill the empty hole again with water so that the water level is about 1” from the top of the hole
4. Check depth of water with a ruler every hour for at least 4 hours
5. Calculate how many inches of water drained per hour
p. 22
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With sandy soils, the water should descend quickly. With
clay soils, the water should descend slowly.
If the drainage rate is less than 1.5 inches per hour, or the
water does not drain within 24 hours, add soil texture
amendments such as coarse sand during installation.
Alternatively, consider placing the rain garden in a different
location on your property.
It is important to note that sometimes an infiltration test
provides a false reading of a site’s soil conditions. For
example, during dry conditions, an infiltration test may
demonstrate that the soil drains quickly and does not need
amendments. However, during a rainy season, an infiltration
test on that same soil may reveal that it is clayey and does
not infiltrate well.
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Sign up for a
Technical Support Session
Hillsborough Library
Saturday, March 25, 2017 12pm-3pm
Duke Farms
Tuesday, April 18, 2016 4pm-8pm
or
Tuesday, April 25, 2016 4pm-8pm