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Recent Developments in the Railway Sector

Madan B. Regmi, DEng

Transport Division

UNESCAP, Bangkok

National Capacity Building Workshop on Sustainable and Inclusive

Transport Development

9-10 July 2015

Colombo, Sri Lanka

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Outline

� Regional Rail Connectivity

� Technology

� High Speed Rails

� Urban Rails

� Concluding remarks

World Transport Mode Share, 2011

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IEA & UIC, 2014

Share of Energy Consumption, 2011

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IEA & UIC, 2014

Railway- A system

� Track

� Locomotives

� Stations

� Signals

� Operation

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Share of emission from fuel combustion

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Sri Lanka Railway System

� Carries- 4% pass anger

� Freight- 2%

� Speed – 30-45 km/hr.

� Single track

� Revitalization- Modernization and Marketing

� Fare structure- operational loss

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Regional Railway Connectivity

Countries working to improve regional railway connectivity

� Iran and Pakistan

� Thailand Laos

� China and Laos

� Nepal – East West Link, Links from India, Link form

China

� (Not much on HSR)

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Environmental benefits

� Less Emission

� Fuel consumption

� Energy Mix in Sri Lanka

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Myanmar - Thailand

Myanmar - India

China - Kyrgyzstan

ASEAN - China

Islamic Republic of Iran – Azerbaijan

(ongoing)

Thailand - Cambodia

Cambodia - Viet Nam

Thailand - Lao PDR

(inaugurated March 2009)

Turkey - Georgia

(ongoing)

Islamic Republic of Iran – Armenia

Islamic Republic of Iran – Pakistan

(completed end 2008)

Completing the Trans-Asian Railway Network

Islamic Republic of Iran – Afghanistan

(ongoing)

US$ >25 billion

117,000 km, 28 countries

10,500 Km Missing Links

Main Rail Freight Activity

� China

� Russian Federation

� India

� Kazakhstan

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High Speed Rails

� UIC Definition� More than 250 Km/Hr

� Countries with High Speed Rails� Japan� Republic of Korea� China� France� Germany

� Countries planning high speed rails� Thailand

� Malaysia- Singapore

� India

High Speed Rails

1. China 11500 km

2. Japan 2664 Km

3. Spain 2515 Km

4. France 2036 Km

5. Germany 1334 Km

6. Italy 923 Km

7. Rep. of Korea 412 Km

8. Turkey 444 Km

9. USA 362 Km

10. Taipei, China 345 Km

11. Belgium 209 Km

12. UK 113 Km

13. Netherlands 120 Km

14. Austria 93 Km

15. Switzerland 35 Km 13

IEA & UIC, 2014

Facts about High Speed Rails

� Average costs� 8.84 million euro per Km for 250 km/hr (China)

� 16.5 Million Euro per Km for 350 Km/hr (China)

� Double the cost from 250 km/Hr to 350 km/Hr

� Minimum traffic

� Operation costs

� HSR feasible from 150- 800 km roads

� Can compete with airlines

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Technology

� Signaling

� Regenerative brakes

� Driverless trains

� Business models

� Financing models

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Concluding remarks

� Evaluate top down and bottom-up approaches

� Railway Development Master Plan

� Feasibility

� Operation Sustainability

� Prioritization

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