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  • GSM-R HLR9820 Product Description

    Issue 1.0

    Date 2013-02-25

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

  • Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.

    No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without

    prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

    Trademarks and Permissions

    and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other

    trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective

    holders.

    Notice

    The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the commercial contract made

    between Huawei and the customer. All or partial products, services and features described in this

    document may not be within the purchased scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise agreed by

    the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided AS

    IS without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied.

    The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in

    the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information,

    and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

    Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

    Address: Huawei Industrial Base

    Bantian, Longgang

    Shenzhen 518129

    People's Republic of China

    Website: http://www.huawei.com

    Email: [email protected]

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    Contents

    1 Product Orientation ............................................................................................................ 4

    1.1 Huawei USC Solution .......................................................................................................................... 4

    1.2 Product Orientation of the HLR9820 ................................................................................................... 6

    1.3 Major Functions of the HLR9820 ........................................................................................................ 8

    1.4 Key Benefits ......................................................................................................................................... 9

    2 Overview of the HLR9820 ............................................................................................... 11

    2.1 Physical Structure ............................................................................................................................... 11

    2.2 Logical Structure ................................................................................................................................ 16

    3 System Features ................................................................................................................. 21

    3.1 Distributed Structure .......................................................................................................................... 21

    3.2 ATCA-Compatible OSTA 2.0 Hardware Platform ............................................................................. 22

    3.3 Memory Data Management Technology ............................................................................................ 23

    3.4 Multi-Level Data Backup Mechanism ............................................................................................... 23

    3.5 Virtual HLR Function......................................................................................................................... 24

    3.6 Large Capacity and High Integrity ..................................................................................................... 25

    3.7 Separate Data Processing and Service Processing ............................................................................. 25

    3.8 Physical Self-Redundancy Solutions ................................................................................................. 26

    3.9 Smooth Data Convergence ................................................................................................................. 27

    3.10 Standard and Open Data Access Interface ........................................................................................ 27

    3.11 Comprehensive Data Statistics and Analysis .................................................................................... 28

    4 Technical Specifications .................................................................................................. 29

    4.1 Performance Specifications ................................................................................................................ 29

    4.2 Reliability Specifications ................................................................................................................... 30

    4.3 Cabinet Specifications ........................................................................................................................ 30

    4.4 Power Consumption ........................................................................................................................... 31

    4.5 Clock Specifications........................................................................................................................... 32

    4.6 EMC Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 34

    4.7 Environment Requirements ................................................................................................................ 34

    5 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 42

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    1 Product Orientation 1.1 Huawei USC Solution

    At present, the service data of subscribers is distributed in different functional entities

    in the network, and the functional entities have different data management modes.

    Isolated information "islands" thus emerge. The isolated information "islands" lack

    scalability, making the carriers' networks very complicated. In addition, it is hard for

    carriers to make use of the isolated information to develop value-added services. As a

    result, carriers are facing more challenges in providing the same service experience to

    subscribers over multiple types of networks.

    Nowadays, more and more carriers come to realize the importance of convergence and

    centralized management of the subscriber service data, and put forward various

    solutions. To realize the subscriber-oriented convergence of subscriber service data

    becomes a development trend in the telecommunication industry.

    Huawei Unified Subscriber Center (USC) incorporates the functions of the network

    entities such as the HLR, HSS, AAA, MNP, EIR, and GUP. It can converge the

    subscriber service data required by the NEs in the public land mobile network (PLMN),

    public switched telephone network (PSTN), broadband network, and multimedia

    network.

    The USC can realize centralized management of the subscriber service data and

    provide an open data interface. It can simplify network deployment, accelerate the

    provisioning of new services, and prompt service innovation. The USC solution helps

    carriers to provide competitive integrated services.

    Figure 1-1 illustrates Huawei USC solution.

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    Figure 1-1 Huawei USC solution

    AAA: Authentication, Authorization

    and Accounting

    AS: Application Server BE: Back End

    CRBT: Color Ring Back Tone CSCF: Call Session

    Control Function

    FE: Front End

    HLR: Home Location Register HSS: Home Subscriber

    Server

    IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem

    MGCF: Media Gateway Control

    Function

    MSC: Mobile Switching

    Center

    MNP: Mobile Number Portability

    SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

    Huawei USC consists of the Back End (BE) and the Front End (FE).

    BE

    The BE is subscriber-oriented and uses the directory service to store the

    subscriber data. It allows the subscriber data to be added, deleted, queried, and

    updated through the directory service. It also provides the data required by the

    FE.

    FE

    The FE processes signaling access services.

    The FE does not store subscriber data. It obtains data services from the BE

    through directory services.

    Huawei USC solution provides the HLR-FE, HSS-FE, AAA-FE, MNP-FE, and

    AS-FE.

    The implementation of Huawei USC solution comprises three phases:

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    Phase I: network simplification

    The USC is deployed as the HLR, HSS, or AAA. It features large capacity and

    provides high network security. The USC solution can reduce the number of NEs

    used in the network and simplify network deployment.

    Phase II: data convergence

    The USC converges the subscriber data relating to voice services, multimedia

    services, and broadband services. It supports data platform standardization, data

    sharing, and service convergence.

    Phase III: service innovation

    The convergence of subscriber data provides a unified data source, which makes

    rapid service innovation and efficient data operation and management possible.

    Based on the unified data source and centralized data management, carriers can

    provide more value-added services to attract more subscribers and to enhance the

    competitive strength.

    1.2 Product Orientation of the HLR9820 The HLR9820 is the product provided by Huawei USC solution in the first phase.

    Figure 1-2 illustrates the evolution of the HLR9820 towards the USC.

    Figure 1-2 Evolution of the HLR9820 towards the USC

    AAA: Authentication, Authorization

    and Accounting

    AS: Application Server BE: Back End

    CRBT: Color Ring Back Tone CSCF: Call Session Control Function FE: Front End

    GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location

    Center

    HLR: Home Location Register HSS: Home Subscriber Server

    IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function MSC: Mobile Switching Center

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    MNP: Mobile Number Portability SCP: Service Control Point SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

    SMC: Short Message Center

    The HLR9820 provides the functions of the HLR. It is shared by the circuit switched

    (CS) domain and the packet switched (PS) domain in the GSM or the UMTS network.

    The HLR9820 compared with the traditional HLR, the HLR9820 consists of:

    HLR-BE

    The HLR-BE stores subscriber data. It provides services such as data addition,

    data deletion, data update, and date query to the HLR-FE.

    HLR-FE

    The HLR-FE is connected with the signaling network. It processes IP signaling,

    ATM 2Mbit/s signaling, and TDM signaling. The HLR-FE supports the same

    protocols and interfaces as the HLR.

    The HLR-FE does not store subscriber data. It obtains data services from the

    HLR-BE.

    Figure 1-3 shows the difference between the HLR9820 and the traditional HLR.

    Figure 1-3 Difference between the HLR9820 and the traditional HLR

    MSC serverSGSN

    HLR

    SCP SMC GMLC

    Signaling network

    Signaling network

    Control layer

    Service layer

    MSC serverSGSN

    HLR9820

    SCP SMC GMLC

    Signaling network

    Signaling network

    Control layer

    Service layer

    HLR-BE

    HLR-FE

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    BE: Back End FE: Front End GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center

    HLR: Home Location Register HSS: Home Subscriber Server MSC: Mobile Switching Center

    SCP: Service Control Point SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node SMC: Short Message Center

    1.3 Major Functions of the HLR9820 The HLR9820 provides the following functions:

    Subscriber Data Management

    Mobility Management

    Support of the Call-Related Processing

    Support of the ATI

    Functions of the AuC

    Subscriber Data Management

    The HLR9820 manages the following data:

    Basic subscriber data

    The HLR9820 stores and manages the basic data of the subscribers defined in it.

    The basic data stored in the HLR9820 includes the information on:

    Subscriber identification

    Basic services provided to subscribers

    Supplementary services provided to subscribers

    Operator-determined barring (ODB) services provided to subscribers

    Roaming restriction

    CAMEL services provided to subscribers

    GPRS services provided to subscribers

    Authentication data

    Upon the request of the visitor location register (VLR) or serving GPRS support

    node (SGSN), the HLR9820 provides the authentication data to the VLR or

    SGSN. The HLR9820 can send one to five authentication triplets or quintuplets at

    a time.

    In addition, the HLR9820 can convert the UMTS quintuplets into GSM triplets.

    Mobility Management

    The HLR9820 supports the mobility management of mobile subscribers in the CS

    domain and the PS domain.

    Mobility management in the CS domain

    The HLR9820 supports the mobility management of mobile subscribers over the

    Mobile Application Part (MAP) interface in the CS domain.

    The mobile management comprises:

    Location update

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    Location cancellation

    Mobility management in the PS domain

    The HLR9820 supports the mobility management of mobile subscribers over the

    MAP interface in the PS domain.

    The mobile management comprises:

    GPRS routing area update

    GPRS routing area cancellation

    Support of the Call-Related Processing

    The HLR9820 responds to the Sending Routing Information (SRI) request sent from

    the MSC and provides a mobile station roaming number (MSRN) in a

    mobile-terminated call (MTC).

    Support of the ATI

    The HLR9820 supports the any time interrogation (ATI) initiated by the service

    control point (SCP). Through the ATI, the SCP and HLR9820 obtain the location and

    status of the mobile stations (MSs).

    Functions of the AuC

    The authentication center (AuC) processes the security data for subscriber

    authentication.

    Upon the request of the VLR or SGSN, the AuC generates an authentication quintuplet

    or triplet, and sends the authentication quintuplet or triplet to the VLR or SGSN

    through the HLR9820. The AuC then verifies the international mobile subscriber

    identity (IMSI) of the subscriber to ensure the validity of the subscriber.

    1.4 Key Benefits

    The HLR9820 features high reliability, large capacity, and high integration, and

    provides the capability of data convergence. It can help carriers to provide tailored

    services and gain competition predominance.

    Highly Reliable Network and Enhanced QoS

    The HLR9820 adopts totally new design and highly efficient mechanisms to ensure

    high network reliability and protect the interest and brand image of carriers.

    The high reliability and QoS are attributed to the following features of the HLR9820:

    Fully-distributed structure

    ATCA-compatible OSTA 2.0 hardware platform

    Memory data management mechanism

    Multi-level data backup mechanism

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    Implementing Centralized Network Deployment and Slashing the OPEX

    The HLR9820 features large capacity and high integration. The standard configuration

    of six cabinets can support 100 million subscribers.

    The HLR9820 provides the virtual HLR function, which allows authority-based and

    domain-based management of the large-capacity HLR. This feature can help carriers to

    realize centralized network deployment.

    The centralized deployment of the large-capacity HLR can greatly cut down the

    operation expenditure (OPEX). It helps carriers to:

    Reduce the number of NEs used in the network and simplify network

    deployment.

    Reduce the equipment maintenance cost and maintenance personnel cost.

    Save power consumption and reduce the property leasing expense.

    Laying the Foundation for Service Convergence

    To offer subscribers with seamless communication experience over multiple types of

    networks, carriers must provide subscriber-oriented network-across services. The

    service convergence, however, is implemented based on data convergence. The

    HLR9820 provides the ability to converge the subscriber data of various types of

    services. It also provides standard and open interfaces. All these features lay the

    foundation for service convergence.

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    2 Overview of the HLR9820 2.1 Physical Structure

    This section describes the physical structure of the HLR9820. It consists of:

    Product Appearance

    Cabinet Configuration

    2.1.1 Product Appearance

    This section describes the hardware composition of the HLR9820. It consists of:

    Cabinet

    OSTA 2.0 Subrack

    Cabinet

    The HLR9820 uses Huawei N68E-22 cabinets. Figure 2-1 shows an N68E-22 cabinet.

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    Figure 2-1 HLR9820 cabinet

    The N68E-22 cabinet is a standard 19" cabinet and complies with the following

    international standards:

    IEC60297-1, Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series

    Part 1:Panels and racks

    IEC60297-2, Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series

    Part 2:Cabinets and pitches of rack structures

    IEC60297-3, Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series

    Part 3:Subracks and associated plug-in units

    For the technical specifications of the N68E-22 cabinet, refer to section 4.3 "Cabinet

    Specifications."

    OSTA 2.0 Subrack

    The HLR9820 adopts the ATCA-compatible OSTA 2.0 hardware platform. Figure 2-2

    shows the OSTA 2.0 subrack.

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    Figure 2-2 OSTA 2.0 subrack

    The OSTA 2.0 subrack has the following features:

    The subrack is 14 U high and 19" wide. It can be installed in any standard 19"

    cabinet.

    The subrack provides 14 front slots for the USPs and 14 back slots for the USIs.

    The subrack is configured with a dual-star high-speed backplane. The backplane

    provides the redundancy of the following buses:

    Dual-star intelligent platform management bus (IPMB)

    Service data bus

    Power bus

    Clock bus

    The boards and modules are interconnected through the buses provided by the

    backplane. Thus, the number of cables used between boards and modules is

    greatly reduced.

    The subrack can be configured with a maximum of four power modules, which

    supply power to the components in the subrack through the backplane. The power

    modules can work in 2+2 or 2+1 redundancy mode.

    The subrack has one fan box that holds 12 fans. The fan box implements the heat

    dissipation of the subrack.

    The subrack provides rear cabling troughs. This customary design makes the

    subrack maintenance convenient.

    The subrack has passed the EMC and UL certifications.

    The subrack supports the Network Equipment Building Specification (NEBS).

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    2.1.2 Cabinet Configuration

    Depending on the components installed in the cabinet, the HLR9820 cabinets can be

    classified into:

    Integrated cabinet

    Extended cabinet

    The components to be installed in the cabinets depend on the system capacity.

    The components that can be installed in the integrated cabinet include the following:

    Power distribution box (PDB)

    SAU subrack

    Air deflector

    OSTA 2.0 subrack

    KVMS

    LAN switches

    Disk array

    Figure 2-3 shows the typical configuration of the integrated cabinet.

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    Figure 2-3 Typical configuration of integrated cabinet

    Integrated cabinet

    PDB (3U)

    OSTA 1.0 subrack (9U)

    Filler panel (2U)

    OSTA 2.0 subrack (14U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    Disk array (3U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    KVM(1U)

    Air deflector (2U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    Cabling trough (1U)LAN switch-3 (1U)

    Cabling trough (1U)

    LAN switch-2 (1U)

    Cabling trough (1U)

    LAN switch-1 (1U)

    Cabling trough (1U)

    LAN switch-0 (1U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    The components that can be installed in the extended cabinet include the following:

    PDB

    SAU subracks

    Air deflector

    OSTA 2.0 subrack

    Figure 2-4 shows the typical configuration of the extended cabinet.

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    Figure 2-4 Typical configuration of extended cabinets

    Extended cabinet 1

    PDB (3U)

    OSTA 1.0 subrack (9U)

    OSTA 1.0 subrack (9U)

    Air deflector (2U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    OSTA 2.0 subrack (14U)

    Air deflector (2U)

    Filler panel (3U)

    Filler panel (2U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    PDB (3U)

    OSTA 1.0 subrack (9U)

    OSTA 2.0 subrack (14U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    OSTA 2.0 subrack (14U)

    Air deflector (2U)

    Filler panel (2U)

    Filler panel (1U)

    Extended cabinet 2

    2.2 Logical Structure

    The HLR9820 consists of the following functional layers:

    Signaling Processing Layer

    Subscriber Data Management Layer

    Data Service Layer

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    Data Storage Layer

    O&M Layer

    Figure 2-5 shows the logical structure of the HLR9820.

    Figure 2-5 Logical structure of the HLR9820

    HLR9820HLR-BE

    Provision

    System

    NMS

    Signaling

    Network

    Signaling Processing

    SAU

    HLR-FEO&M

    BAM

    Data Service

    DSU

    Cluster 1

    DSU

    Cluster 2

    DSU

    Cluster 3

    Subscriber data

    management

    SMF

    Data storageDBMS

    DRU

    Cluster 1

    SMU

    Service Processing

    SCF

    DRU

    Cluster 2

    BAM: Back Administration Module BE: Back End DSU: Data Service Unit

    DBMS: Database Management System DRU: Data Routing Unit SCF: Service Control Function

    FE: Front End SAU: Signaling Access Unit NMS: network management system

    SMF: Subscriber Management Function SMU: Subscriber Management Unit

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    2.2.1 Signaling Processing Layer

    The signaling processing layer leads in and processes signaling messages. It consists

    of:

    SAU

    SCF

    SAU

    The signaling access unit (SAU) performs the following functions:

    Receiving the signaling messages sent from other NEs

    Processing the received signaling messages to the TCAP layer

    Sending the processed messages to the SCF for processing

    SCF

    The service control function (SCF) processes MAP service logics. It performs the

    following functions:

    Processing the MAP messages, such as the SRI request and location update

    request, sent from the SAU

    Processing the MAP message for inserting subscriber data initiated by the SMF

    because of the operations such as updating subscriber data and simulated sending

    the Cancel Location message

    Interacting with the DRU to obtain the desired subscriber data from the DSU or

    to update the subscriber data stored in the DSU

    Implementing the authentication-related operations

    2.2.2 Subscriber Data Management Layer

    The subscriber data management layer manages the subscriber data and implements

    the configuration of the global data. It consists of:

    SMU

    SMF

    SMU

    The subscriber management unit (SMU) performs the following functions:

    Providing interfaces to business halls to lead in the provision system

    Interpreting the human-machine language (MML) commands sent from the

    provision system or the SMU client, and sending the commands to the SMF for

    processing

    SMF

    The subscriber management function (SMF) processes the messages sent from the

    SMU. It performs the following functions:

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    Receiving the messages for the operations such as subscriber definition,

    subscriber deletion, and subscriber data update from the SMU, verifying

    parameters according to the related interface specifications, and checking service

    conflict according to the related protocols

    Initiating the MAP message for inserting subscriber data and sending the message

    to the SCF during the operations such as updating subscriber data and simulated

    sending of the Cancel Location message

    Interacting with the DRU to query the subscriber data, global data, or template

    data from the DSU or to modify the subscriber data, global data, or template data

    in the DSU based on the MML command received from the SMU server

    2.2.3 Data Service Layer

    The data service layer provides data services that are independent of service

    applications. It supports distributed data storage, data caching in memory, and remote

    redundancy of the data unit. The data service unit consists of:

    DRU

    DSU

    DRU

    The data routing unit (DRU) queries the subscriber data and provides the data routing

    function.

    The HLR9820 uses multiple DSU clusters to store subscriber data. A routing module is

    required to locate the DSU cluster, which stores the data queried, based on the

    subscriber identity, and then to choose a DSU based on the load-balancing strategy to

    provide data services.

    The DRU stores the mapping between the Key values (UID and IMSI or MSISDN)

    and the DSU cluster ID. In addition, the DRU stores the mapping between the IMSI of

    a subscriber and the UID or MSISDNor the auxiliary IMSI (if the dual-IMSI service is

    provided). Therefore, the DRU can locate the DSU cluster, in which the required

    subscriber data is stored, based on the Key values, and choose a DSU from the DSU

    cluster to provide the data based on the load-balancing strategy.

    The HLR supports multiple DRU clusters. The routing data is stored in multiple DRU

    clusters. The SMF and SCF modules store the mapping between the Key values of a

    subscriber and the DRU cluster ID. Therefore, they can locate the DRU cluster, in

    which the required subscriber data is stored, based on the Key values.

    DSU

    The HLR9820 uses multiple data service unit (DSU) clusters to store subscriber data.

    The DSU provides, adds, deletes, or updates data upon the request of the DRU.

    The DSU clusters store subscriber data based on the capacity-balancing strategy. All

    the DSUs in a DSU cluster store the same subscriber data and work in load-sharing

    mode.

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    2.2.4 Data Storage Layer

    The data storage layer adopts the highly reliable commercialized database

    management system. It also uses the disk array to provide permanent storage of

    subscriber data. The hard disks of the disk array adopt RAID technology and hot spare

    disks to ensure the security of subscriber data.

    2.2.5 O&M Layer

    The O&M layer implements the operation and maintenance of the other functional

    units.

    The HLR9820 provides a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the tree structure for

    the O&M terminals. The GUI is easy to use and allows efficient running of commands.

    In addition, the network management system (NMS) can be flexibly built up based on

    the network structure, management requirements, and investment scale. The O&M

    terminals support concurrent access of multiple users from the local and remote ends.

    The O&M layer performs the following functions:

    Configuration management

    Through the O&M terminals, users can configure the data such as the hardware

    data, local site data, and signaling data.

    Equipment maintenance

    The O&M layer processes the maintenance commands sent from the client or

    NMS. It helps the maintenance staff to identify or rectify faults.

    Fault management

    When a fault occurs, the O&M layer reports an alarm. Thus, the maintenance

    staff can identify the fault in time.

    Performance measurement

    Through performance measurement, users can learn:

    Operation status of the HLR9820

    Signaling exchange

    Utilization of user resources and system resources

    The O&M layer provides reliable data for network planning, system monitoring,

    and operation management. When the communication resources are insufficient,

    the O&M layer can provide the detailed resource information on the equipment.

    Trace management

    Through the O&M terminals, users can perform interface tracing and subscriber

    tracing, and view the information traced. The trace management helps the

    maintenance staff to identify faults.

    Provision of NM interfaces

    The O&M layer provides NM interfaces. Through the NM interfaces, users can

    connect the HLR9820 with the upper-level NMS to perform centralized

    management and maintenance of the equipment.

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    3 System Features 3.1 Distributed Structure

    The distributed structure allows multiple functional entities that are identical in a

    system to work in load-sharing mode to accomplish a certain function. The most

    distinguished feature of the distributed structure is resource sharing in the system.

    When any functional entity fails, the load will be automatically switched over to other

    functional entities. Thus, the service provisioning of the whole system is not adversely

    affected.

    Figure 3-2 illustrates the distributed structure.

    SMU

    NMS

    HLR-BE

    HLR-FE

    Open/Standard

    interface

    Signaling network

    HLR9820

    Data

    Cluster

    Data

    ClusterData

    Cluster

    BAM

    BAM

    Provision System

    NMS: network management system BAM: Back Administration Module BE: Back End

    SMU: Subscriber Management Unit FE: Front End

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    The HLR9820 consists of five logical layers: signaling processing layer, subscriber

    data management layer, data service layer, data storage layer, and O&M layer. Each

    layer adopts distributed processing. Thus, the whole system features a fully-distributed

    structure.

    The fully-distributed structure endues the HLR9820 with the following advantages:

    High reliability

    When any functional entity fails, the load is automatically switched over to other

    functional entities. Thus, the service provisioning of the whole system is not

    adversely affected.

    Smooth expansion

    During system expansion, only the related functional entities need to be added.

    After detecting that the newly added functional entities are running stably, the

    system automatically distributes the load evenly. Thus, the service provisioning

    of the system is not adversely affected during the system expansion.

    3.2 ATCA-Compatible OSTA 2.0 Hardware Platform The HLR9820 adopts the ATCA-compatible OSTA 2.0 hardware platform.

    Composed of a series of PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG3.X)

    specifications, the ATCA standards are widely accepted as the standards for the

    next-generation, standard telecommunication hardware platforms.

    The OSTA 2.0 platform adopts the Intel Architecture (IA), which allows the

    high-performance and low-consumption processor, and the Carrier Grade Linux (CGL)

    technology. It is a highly competitive server provided by Huawei for

    telecommunication and IT markets.

    In addition to complying with the ATCA standards, the OSTA 2.0 platform enjoys the

    following advantages:

    The whole equipment and monitoring equipment comply with the carrier-class

    application design.

    The service plane, control plane, and management plane are physically separated.

    Thus, the lower-layer hardware planes are not adversely affected by other planes.

    When the hardware needs to be upgraded, the software can still be used without

    any modification. Thus, the system reliability is greatly improved.

    The devices used in the OSTA 2.0 platform comply with the device selection

    specifications for carrier-class equipment and the ETSI/NEBS standards.

    The system is enhanced with the monitoring on equipment running, hardware

    components, and external interfaces, and added with the fault diagnosis

    mechanism and pre-alert for the subhealth status.

    The OSTA 2.0 platform meets the anti-noise requirements and heat dissipation

    requirements for carrier-class equipment.

    The OSTA 2.0 platform adopts automatic fault detection and fault isolation

    technologies. Thus, the fault detected can be isolated and will not adversely affect

    the running of other parts.

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    The perfect fault location design allows accurate identification of the faulty

    device.

    3.3 Memory Data Management Technology The memory manages all the subscriber data stored in the HLR9820. The board

    memory accomplishes the data query and data modification related to service

    processing. The external storage device (such as the disk array) of boards only

    provides permanent storage of data. It is independent of service processing.

    The memory data management endues the HLR9820 the following advantages:

    The service processing is independent of the external data storage device of

    boards.

    If the external data storage device of boards fails, the service processing will not

    be adversely affected.

    Compared with the data management in hard disks, the memory data

    management features higher throughput and shorter time delay. It greatly

    enhances the system performance, especially for the large-capacity HLR.

    3.4 Multi-Level Data Backup Mechanism The HLR9820 adopts the multi-level data backup mechanism. The multi-level data

    backup mechanism enables subscriber data to be stored in different physical data

    storage devices, ensuring the security of subscriber data.

    The multi-level data backup comprises:

    Level-1 backup

    The subscriber data is stored in the memories of different boards. Multiple boards

    form a cluster. The data of the master node is synchronized to the slave node.

    Level-2 backup

    The subscriber data stored in the board memory is backed up to the local hard

    disk of the board. Two local hard disks work in RAID 1 mode.

    Level-3 backup

    The subscriber data stored in the board memory is backed up to the disk array.

    The disk array has nine hard disks working in RAID. Hot spare disks are

    configured for the hard disks of the disk array.

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    Figure 3-1 Multi-level data backup

    Level-1 backup

    Cluster

    Slave Master

    Level-2 backup

    Level-3 backup

    Local hard disk

    Disk array

    3.5 Virtual HLR Function

    The virtual HLR function allows a physical HLR to be divided into several logical

    HLRs. Each logical HLR is equivalent to the HLR in the local network.

    The virtual HLR function enables the local networks in different areas to share the

    same physical HLR. It can realize centralized equipment maintenance, and distributed

    service processing and subscriber data management.

    The virtual HLR function allows authority-based and domain-based management and

    helps carriers to provide differentiated services. It facilitates carriers to carry out

    network planning and equipment maintenance.

    The virtual HLR function can greatly reduce the number of NEs used in the network,

    slash the equipment investment, and cut down the investment and expenses arising

    from system upgrade and maintenance.

    Figure 3-2 illustrates the virtual HLR function.

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    Figure 3-2 Virtual HLR function

    Virtual HLR 1

    Virtual HLR 2

    Virtual HLR 3

    Local

    network 1

    Local

    network 2

    Local

    network 3

    HLR9820

    3.6 Large Capacity and High Integrity

    The HLR9820 provides large capacity and high integrity. It helps carriers to

    implement centralized management and to cut down the OPEX.

    The large capacity and high integrity feature of the HLR9820 provides the following

    benefits:

    Slashing the equipment maintenance cost and the maintenance manpower cost

    Six cabinets in full configuration can support 100 million subscribers. The large

    capacity feature and centralized management minimize the OPEX.

    Simplifying operations

    Carriers can access all the HLRs (HLRs in an area or a country) through a

    provision system. Through the provision system, carriers can provide services,

    such as issuing cards, defining subscribers, providing services, and query services,

    for subscribers in an area or a country.

    Saving network resources

    The nearest HLR FE is accessed for call processing. Thus, the transmission over

    the signaling network is simplified, and the network resources are saved.

    3.7 Separate Data Processing and Service Processing The HLR9820 consists of the HLR-BE and the HLR-FE. It supports separate

    deployment of the data part and the service part.

    The separate deployment of the data part and the service part endues the HLR9820

    with the following advantages:

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    More flexible networking

    The BE and FE can be deployed in different places. Thus, carriers can determine

    the number and location of BEs and FEs based on the population distribution and

    geographical conditions.

    Enhanced system compatibility

    The BEs of the HLR9820 provide standard and open data access interfaces,

    through which the third-party equipment can access the HLR9820. Thus, carriers

    will not have to bother with the problem of interconnecting systems of different

    suppliers.

    3.8 Physical Self-Redundancy Solutions

    Immeasurable loss will be caused if services are interrupted or important data in the

    HLR is lost because of maloperations, equipment failures, or natural disasters.

    To improve the network security and reliability, Huawei provides the remote HLR

    redundancy solution, that is, an HLR is added to the network to work as the

    redundancy of the existing HLR. In normal conditions, the active HLR processes

    various signaling messages and services. When the active HLR fails, the redundancy

    HLR takes over the service processing, thus ensuring uninterrupted service

    provisioning over the PLMN.

    Huawei provides the following HLR redundancy solutions:

    Seamless geographic redundancy solution

    In the seamless geographic redundancy solution, the active and the redundancy

    HLR are HUAWEI HLR9820 V900 products. The active and redundancy HLRs

    work in active/standby mode or in load-sharing mode for service processing or

    data processing.

    In the seamless geographic redundancy solution, the database synchronization

    involves data backup and data consistency check..

    Figure 3-3 shows the principle of the database synchronization.

    Figure 3-3 Synchronization of the databases

    SCF SMF

    Master DRU Slave DRU

    Master DSU Slave DSU

    Active HLR

    SCF SMF

    Master DRU Slave DRU

    Master DSU Slave DSU

    Redundancy HLR

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    The active and redundancy HLRs have master and slave nodes. When the data in

    the active HLR changes, the master DRU of the redundancy HLR backs up the

    data from the master DRU of the active HLR, and the master DSU of the

    redundancy HLR backs up the data from the master DSU of the active HLR.

    Then, the slave nodes back up the data from the master nodes in the redundancy

    HLR.

    After the data backup is complete, data consistency check is performed to ensure

    data consistency between the active HLR and the redundancy HLR. The data

    consistency check is performed on only the master nodes of the active and

    redundancy HLRs.

    1+1 mated redundancy solution

    The 1+1 mated redundancy solution allows two sets of Huawei HLRs to work in

    active/standby mode. In the 1+1 mated redundancy solution, either HLR stores

    the same subscriber data as an independent HLR. When the active HLR fails, the

    redundancy HLR takes over all services from the active HLR.

    N+1 mated redundancy solution

    The N+1 mated redundancy solution allows the networking of N active HLRs

    and one redundancy HLR. All the HLRs are provided by Huawei. Here, N ranges

    from 1 to 16. Generally, a maximum of 10 active HLRs are recommended. The

    redundancy HLR backs up the data of the active HLRs on a real-time basis. If one

    or more active HLRs fail, the redundancy HLR takes over services from the

    faulty active HLRs.

    N+1 compatibility redundancy solution

    The N+1 compatibility redundancy solution allows the networking of N active

    HLRs and one redundancy HLR. The active HLRs can be provided by different

    vendors, and the redundancy HLR is provided by Huawei. Here, N ranges from 1

    to 16. Generally, a maximum of 10 active HLRs are recommended. The

    redundancy HLR backs up the data of the active HLRs on a real-time basis. If one

    or more active HLRs fail, the redundancy HLR takes over services from the

    faulty active HLRs.

    3.9 Smooth Data Convergence The HLR9820 supports smooth evolution towards the USC. It has the capability to

    converge various types of service data, such as the service data of the HSS subscribers

    and that of the AAA subscribers. It can greatly simplify the data convergence process

    of traditional HLRs, laying the foundation for service convergence.

    3.10 Standard and Open Data Access Interface

    In traditional deployment of new services, carriers have to focus on:

    Service logics

    Complicated subscriber data management, including:

    Data structure design

    Data storage

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    Data backup

    Data redundancy

    Data security mechanism

    Data operations

    The diversity of equipment provided by different vendors and different data

    management mechanisms slow down the development of new services. Failing to

    promptly deploying new services hinders carriers from forestalling the competition

    predominance.

    In addition to the capability of integrating the subscriber data of different services, the

    HLR9820 provides a standard and open data access interface, through which the

    third-party applications can obtain the subscriber data. This feature greatly slashes the

    service deployment cost, simplifies the data complexity caused by the emergence of

    new services, and helps carriers to provide new services.

    3.11 Comprehensive Data Statistics and Analysis The HLR9820 backs up the subscriber data to an independent server at the specified

    time. Through the independent server, users can query and learn the subscriber data in

    detail.

    This offline data processing mode helps carriers to learn:

    Subscriber data of specific services

    Overall subscriber information, including:

    Service subscription and development trend

    Roaming ratio

    Network service features

    Based on the information, carriers can learn the network operation, better understand

    subscribers' behavior, and adjust market strategies in time. Thus, the HLR9820 can

    help carriers to provide tailored services and gain competition predominance.

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    4 Technical Specifications 4.1 Performance Specifications

    Table 4-1 lists the performance specifications of the HLR9820.

    Table 4-1 Performance specifications of the HLR9820

    Item Performance Specifications

    Maximum subscribers supported 100 million

    Bearer networking modes supported TDM

    ATM

    IP

    Number of TDM 64 kbit/s links

    supported

    2560

    Number of TDM 2 Mbit/s links

    supported

    320

    Number of ATM 2 Mbit/s links

    supported

    320

    Number of M3UA links supported 2496

    BNH command processing speed 2,000 pcs/second

    NOTE

    The full-IN GSM traffic model refers to the GSM traffic model that all the subscribers are

    intelligent network (IN) subscribers. See Table 4-2.

    Table 4-2 lists the full-IN GSM traffic model. In the GSM traffic model, the parameter

    values are calculated based on 100,000 subscribers.

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    Table 4-2 Full-IN GSM traffic model

    Parameter Value (Times/Second/100,000 Subscribers)

    SendAuthenticationInfo 10

    UpdateLocation 10

    SendRoutingInfo 40

    SendRoutingInfoForSM 25

    GprsUpdateLocation 1

    4.2 Reliability Specifications Table 4-3 lists the reliability specifications of the HLR9820.

    Table 4-3 Reliability specifications of the HLR9820

    Item Reliability Specifications

    System repair rate 0.3%

    Availability 99.9997%

    Fault detection rate > 95%

    Mean time to repair (MTTR) < 1 h

    Service interruption time of each upgrade or

    expansion

    < 30 seconds

    Average service interruption time in a year < 5 minutes Duration from system power-on to service ready 10 minutes

    Success rate of the switchover between redundancy

    components

    > 95%

    Time required for the switchover between OSTA 1.0

    boards

    3 seconds

    Time required for the switchover between OSTA 2.0

    boards

    10 seconds

    4.3 Cabinet Specifications The HLR9820 hardware is installed in Huawei N68E-22 cabinets. Table 4-4 lists the

    technical specifications of the N68E-22 cabinet.

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    Table 4-4 Technical specifications of the N68E-22 cabinet

    Item Specifications

    Number of cabinets (in full

    configuration)

    6

    Cabinet model N68E-22 server cabinet

    Power supply 48 V DC

    Cabinet dimensions (height x width

    x depth)

    2,200 mm x 600 mm x 800 mm

    Available height in the cabinet 46 U (1 U = 44.45 mm = 1.75 inches)

    Weight of the empty cabinet 100 kg

    Weight of the fully-loaded

    integrated cabinet

    304 kg

    Weight of the fully-loaded

    extended cabinet (2 OSTA 1.0+1

    OSTA 2.0)

    277 kg

    Weight of the fully-loaded

    extended cabinet (1 OSTA 1.0+2

    OSTA 2.0)

    331 kg

    Load-bearing capacity of the

    equipment room floor

    600 kg/m2

    Floor space 2.88 m2

    Heat dissipating capacity 12771.8 BTU

    Cabling modes supported Upward cabling

    Downward cabling

    4.4 Power Consumption

    Table 4-5 lists the power consumption of the HLR9820.

    Table 4-5 Power consumption of the HLR9820

    Cabinet Power Consumption (W)

    Integrated cabinet (in full configuration) 3,213W

    Extended cabinet (in full configuration 2 OSTA

    1.0+1 OSTA 2.0)

    3,218W

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    Extended cabinet (in full configuration 1 OSTA

    1.0+2 OSTA 2.0)

    4,679W

    OSTA 1.0 subrack (in full configuration) 579W

    OSTA 2.0 subrack (in full configuration) 2,040 W

    KVMS 24 W

    FE LAN switch 35 W

    GE LAN switch 90 W

    Disk array 300 W

    4.5 Clock Specifications

    Table 4-6 lists the technical specifications of the clock system used in the HLR9820.

    Table 4-6 Technical specifications of the HLR9820 clock system

    Item Specifications

    Clock

    network

    access

    parameter

    Minimum

    accuracy Stratum-2 clock: 4 x 10

    -7

    Stratum-3 clock: 4.6 x 10-6

    Pull-in range Synchronization accuracy of stratum-2 clock: 4 x 10-7

    Synchronization accuracy of stratum-3 clock: 4.6 x

    10-6

    Maximum

    frequency offset

    Stratum-2 clock: 5 x 10-10

    /day

    Stratum-3 clock: 2 x 10-8

    /day

    Initial maximum

    frequency offset

    Stratum-2 clock: < 5 x 10-10

    /day

    Stratum-3 clock: < 1 x 10-8

    /day

    Long-term

    phase

    variation

    Ideal working

    status

    MRTIE 1ms

    Holdover working

    status

    MRTIE (ns) a x s + (1/2) x b x s2 + c

    Here, s stands for the time in seconds, and MRTIE is in

    nanosecond (ns).

    Stratum-2 clock:

    a = 0.5, b = 1.16 x 10-5

    , c = 1000

    Stratum-3 clock:

    a = 10, b = 2.3 x 10-4

    , c = 1000

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    Clock

    working

    mode

    Fast pull-in

    Locked

    Holdover

    Free run

    Input jitter

    tolerance

    See Figure 4-1.

    Lowest accuracy: the maximum frequency offset in a long period (20 years) when the

    external reference frequency is unavailable (when the clock works in free-run mode)

    Maximum frequency offset: the maximum relative difference between the clock frequencies

    in one unit of time during the continuous running of the clock

    Pull-in range: the maximum bandwidth of the input signal that the clock system can locks

    MRTIE: maximum relative time interval error, the variation of maximum peak-to-peak

    delay of a tested clock relative to an actual reference clock within the test time

    Figure 4-1 shows the input jitter tolerance of the clock system.

    Figure 4-1 Maximum allowed input jitter and lower threshold of wander

    Y (UI)

    10 2

    X

    A0=36.9

    10 1

    A1=1.5

    A2=0.2

    1.2 10-5

    1

    10 20 2.4 k 18 k 100 k f (Hz)

    10 -1

    Peak-peak jitter and wander amplitude (log scale)

    Slope coefficient is 20 dB/10

    times sound interval

    If the system can still work normally when the jitter frequency of an input signal is 1

    kHz and the signal amplitude is more than 1.5 UI, you can infer that the input signal

    satisfies requirements.

    UI stands for unit interval. The reciprocal of the digital signal frequency is one UI. For example,

    the UI of a 2.048 Mbit/s signal is 488 ns.

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    4.6 EMC Specifications The HLR9820 complies with the following electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

    standards:

    EN 55022 class A

    CISPR 22 class A

    ETSI EN 300 386

    GB9254 class A

    4.7 Environment Requirements This section describes the environment requirements for the HLR9820. The

    environment requirements are based on the following standards:

    GB 4798 Environmental conditions existing in the application of electric and

    electronic products

    ETS 300019 Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and

    environmental tests for telecommunications equipment

    IEC 60721 Classification of environmental conditions

    The environment requirements comprise the requirements for:

    Storage Environment

    Transportation Environment

    Operation Environment

    4.7.1 Storage Environment

    This section describes the requirements for the storage environment of the HLR9820.

    It consists of:

    Climatic Requirements

    Waterproof Requirements

    Biological Requirements

    Air Purity Requirements

    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Climatic Requirements

    Table 4-7 lists the climatic requirements for equipment storage.

    Table 4-7 Climatic requirements for equipment transportation

    Item Range

    Temperature 40C to +70C

    Relative humidity 10% to 100%

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    Altitude 5000 m

    Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

    Temperature change rate 1C/min

    Solar radiation 1120 W/m2

    Heat radiation 600 W/m2

    Wind speed 20 m/s

    Waterproof Requirements

    Generally, the equipment must be stored indoors.

    Indoor storage

    The floor where the equipment is placed must be protected against water. In

    addition, the equipment must be protected against water from the auto

    fire-fighting device and the air-conditioner.

    Outdoor storage

    If the equipment has to be placed outdoors, ensure that:

    The crates are not damaged.

    Waterproofing measures are taken to protect the crates against rain.

    The floor where the crates are placed must be protected against water.

    The crates are not exposed to direct sunlight.

    Biological Requirements

    Ensure that the storage area is protected against epiphyte or mildew and rodents.

    Air Purity Requirements

    The equipment must be stored in the environment that is free from explosive,

    conductive, and magnetic conductive or corrosive dust.

    Table 4-8 lists the air purity requirements for physically active substances.

    Table 4-8 Air purity requirements for physically active substances in equipment storage

    Physically Active Substances Density Diameter

    Suspended dust 5.00 mg/m 75 m

    Falling dust 20.0 mg/mh 75 m diameter 150 m

    Sand 300 mg/m 150 m diameter 1000 m

    Table 4-9 lists the air purity requirements for chemically active substances.

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    Table 4-9 Air purity requirements for chemically active substances in equipment storage

    Chemically Active Substances Density (mg/m3)

    SO2 0.3 to 1.0

    H2S 0.1 to 0.5

    NO2 0.5 to 1.0

    NH3 1.0 to 3.0

    Cl2 0.1 to 0.3

    HCl 0.1 to 0.5

    HF 0.01 to 0.03

    O3 0.05 to 0.1

    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Table 4-10 lists the mechanical stress requirements for equipment storage.

    Table 4-10 Mechanical stress requirements for equipment storage

    Item Sub-Item Range

    Sinusoidal

    vibration

    Motion 7.0 mm

    Acceleration 20.0 m/s

    Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz

    Unsteady impact Impact response

    spectrum II

    250 m/s

    Static payload 5 kPa

    NOTE

    Impact response spectrum: the maximum acceleration response curve generated by the equipment

    under the specified impact excitation(Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of the

    semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.)

    Static payload: the total force that the equipment in the packages piled in the specified way can bear

    from the top

    4.7.2 Transportation Environment

    This section describes the requirements for the transportation environment of the

    HLR9820. It consists of:

    Climatic Requirements

    Waterproof Requirements

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    Biological Requirements

    Air Purity Requirements

    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Climatic Requirements

    Table 4-11 lists the climatic requirements for equipment transportation.

    Table 4-11 Climatic requirements for equipment transportation

    Item Range

    Temperature 40C to +70C

    Relative humidity 10% to 100%

    Altitude 5000 m

    Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

    Temperature change rate 3C/min

    Solar radiation 1120 W/m2

    Heat radiation 600 W/m2

    Wind speed 20 m/s

    Waterproof Requirements

    During the transportation of the HLR9820, ensure that:

    The package is intact.

    Waterproof measures are taken to prevent rain from soaking into the package.

    The vehicle has no water accumulated inside.

    Biological Requirements

    Ensure that the transportation vehicle is protected against epiphyte or mildew and

    rodents.

    Air Purity Requirements

    The air must be free from explosive, conductive, and magnetic conductive or corrosive

    dust.

    Table 4-12 lists the air purity requirements for physically active substances.

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    Table 4-12 Air purity requirements for physically active substances in equipment transportation

    Physically Active Substances Density Diameter

    Suspended dust 75 m

    Falling dust 3.0 mg/mh 75 m diameter 150 m

    Sand 100 mg/m 150 m diameter 1000 m

    Table 4-13 lists the air purity requirements for chemically active substances.

    Table 4-13 Air purity requirements for chemically active substances in equipment transportation

    Chemically Active Substances Density (mg/m3)

    SO2 0.3 to 1.0

    H2S 0.1 to 0.5

    NO2 0.5 to 1.0

    NH3 1.0 to 3.0

    Cl2 0.1 to 0.3

    HCl 0.1 to 0.5

    HF 0.01 to 0.03

    O3 0.05 to 0.1

    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Table 4-14 lists the mechanical stress requirements for equipment transportation.

    Table 4-14 Mechanical stress requirements for equipment transportation

    Item Sub-Item Range

    Sinusoidal

    vibration

    Motion 7.5 mm

    Acceleration 20.0 m/s 40.0 m/s

    Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz 200 Hz to 500 Hz

    Random

    vibration

    Acceleration

    spectrum density

    10 m/s 3 m/s 1 m/s

    Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz 200 Hz to 500 Hz

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    Unsteady

    impact

    Impact response

    spectrum II

    300 m/s

    Static payload 10 kPa

    NOTE

    Impact response spectrum: the maximum acceleration response curve generated by the equipment

    under the specified impact excitation (Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of the

    semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.)

    Static payload: the total force that the equipment in the packages piled in the specified way can bear

    from the top

    4.7.3 Operation Environment

    This section describes the requirements for the operation environment of the HLR9820.

    It consists of:

    Climatic Requirements

    Biological Requirements

    Air Purity Requirements

    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Shockproof Requirements

    Anti-Noise Requirements

    Climatic Requirements

    Table 4-15 lists the climatic requirements for system running.

    Table 4-15 Climatic requirements for system running

    Item Range

    Temperature Long-term operation temperature: +5C to +40C

    Short-term operation temperature: -5C to +45C

    Relative humidity Long-term operation humidity: 45% to 75%

    Short-term operation humidity: 5% to 95%

    Altitude 4000 m

    Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

    Temperature change rate 15C/min

    Solar radiation 700 W/m2

    Heat radiation 600 W/m2

    Wind speed 1 m/s

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    Biological Requirements

    Ensure that the HLR9820 is running in an environment that is protected against

    epiphyte or mildew and rodents.

    Air Purity Requirements

    The air must be free from explosive, conductive, and magnetic conductive or corrosive

    dust.

    Table 4-16 lists the air purity requirements for physically active substances.

    Table 4-16 Air purity requirements for physically active substances in system running

    Physically Active Substances Density Diameter

    Suspended dust 0.24mg/m3 75 m

    Falling dust 1.5 mg/mh 75 m diameter 150 m

    Sand 30 mg/m 150 m diameter 1000 m

    Table 4-17 lists the air purity requirements for chemically active substances.

    Table 4-17 Air purity requirements for chemically active substances in system running

    Chemically Active Substances Density (mg/m3)

    SO2 0.3 to 1.0

    H2S 0.1 to 0.5

    NO2 0.5 to 1.0

    NH3 1.0 to 3.0

    Cl2 0.1 to 0.3

    HCl 0.1 to 0.5

    HF 0.01 to 0.03

    O3 0.05 to 0.1

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    Mechanical Stress Requirements

    Table 4-18 lists the mechanical stress requirements for system running.

    Table 4-18 Mechanical stress requirements for system running

    Item Sub-Item Range

    Sinusoidal

    vibration

    Motion 3.5 mm

    Acceleration 10.0 m/s

    Frequency range 2 Hz to 9 Hz 9 Hz to 200 Hz

    Unsteady

    impact

    Impact response spectrum

    II

    100 m/s

    Static payload 10k Pa

    NOTE

    Impact response spectrum: the maximum acceleration response curve generated by the equipment

    under the specified impact excitation (Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of the

    semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.)

    Static payload: the total force that the equipment in the packages piled in the specified way can bear

    from the top

    Shockproof Requirements

    The HLR9820 complies with the ETS 300 019-2-4-AMD standards.

    Anti-Noise Requirements

    The sound power noise is smaller than 7.2 bel. The reference standard is EST 300

    753, and the test standard is ISO7779.

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    5 Acronyms and Abbreviations A

    AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

    ARPU Average Revenue Per User

    AS Application Server

    ATCA Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture

    ATI Any Time Interrogation

    ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

    AuC Authentication Center

    B

    SAU Signaling Access Unit

    BAM Back Administration Module

    BE Back End

    BSS Base Station System

    C

    CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic

    CGL Carrier Grade Linux

    CRBT Color Ring Back Tone

    CS Circuit Switched

    CSCF Call Session Control Function

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    D

    DC Direct Current

    DRU Data Routing Unit

    DSU Data Service Unit

    E

    EIR Equipment Identity Register

    EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

    F

    FE Front End

    G

    GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

    GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center

    GPRS General Packet Radio Service

    GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

    GUI Graphical User Interface

    GUP General User Profile

    H

    HLR Home Location Register

    HSS Home Subscriber Server

    I

    IA Intel Architecture

    IM Instant Messaging

    IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

    IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

    IP Internet Protocol

    IPMB Intelligent Platform Management Bus

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    M

    MAP Mobile Application Part

    MGCF Media Gateway Control Function

    MML Man-Machine Language

    MMS Multimedia Messaging Service

    MNP Mobile Number Portability

    MSC Mobile Switching Center

    N

    NEBS Network Equipment Building Specification

    NMS Network Management System

    O

    ODB Operator Determined Barring

    OPEX Operating Expenditure

    OSTA Open Standards Telecom Architecture

    P

    PICMG PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group

    PS Packet Switched

    PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

    S

    SAU Signaling Access Unit

    SCF Service Control Function

    SCP Service Control Point

    SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node

    SMC Short Message Center

    SMF Subscriber Management Function

    SMU Subscriber Management Unit

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    SSP Service Switching Point

    T

    TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part

    TDM Time Division Multiplex

    U

    UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc

    UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

    USC Unified Subscriber Centre

    UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

    V

    VLR Visitor Location Register