rail-led decentralisation: a proposed rebalancing
TRANSCRIPT
Rail-led decentralisation: a proposed rebalancing
Tony Smith Melbourne Emergence Meetup
12 November 2015
0 5 10 15 205
Scale of Miles0510 5 10 15 20 25 30
Scale of KilometresScale: 1 to 2,000,000
Railw
ay M
ap o
f Vic
tori
a, 1
860
Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh
Broad Gauge (5'3")Standard Gauge (4'8.5")Narrow Gauge (2'6")Other
VR Private
Scale: 1 to 750,000Ballarat Area
Melbourne Area
Scale of Miles
Scale of Kilometres
543210
54321 0
Scale: 1 to 350,0001
1 6 7 8
Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000
Geelong SandhurstScale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000
NotOpen
5 0 10
5 0 5 10 15
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles
5
1 0 1 2 3 4
Scale of Kilometres
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Miles
50
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles1 1 2 3 4
5
St Kilda &Brighton Rly
Geelong & Melbourne Rly
Geelong & Melb Rly
Duck Ponds
Little River
Werribee
Diggersrest
Sunbury
Keilor Rd
Balaclava
Elsternwick
Will
iam
stow
n
Williamstown Pier
Melbourne
Raglan St
Sandridge
Emerald Hill
St Kilda
Footscray
Geelong Jn
Flinders St
Prin
ces B
ridge
Richmond
Nth Melb
ourne
Geelong
Nth Williamstown
Footscray (Suburban)
Bay Street
Botanica
l Gard
ens
Chapel Street
Cremorne
Cowies Ck
Melbourne& HobsonsBay Rly
MelbourneSuburbanRly
The original version of this presentation started by flipping through decadal rail maps 1860 to 2000, four of which are shown here as a representative sample
0 5 10 15 205
Scale of Miles0510 5 10 15 20 25 30
Scale of KilometresScale: 1 to 2,000,000
Railw
ay M
ap o
f Vic
tori
a, 1
900
Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh
Broad Gauge (5'3")Standard Gauge (4'8.5")Narrow Gauge (2'6")Other
VR Private
Scale: 1 to 750,000Ballarat Area
Melbourne Area
Scale of Miles
Scale of Kilometres
543210
54321 0
Scale: 1 to 350,0001
1 6 7 8
Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000
Geelong BendigoScale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000
NotOpen
5 0 10
5 0 5 10 15
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles
5
1 0 1 2 3 4
Scale of Kilometres
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Miles
50
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles1 1 2 3 4
5
Cattle Sdg
McDougall's Sdg
Merri Merri Sdg
Ballast Pit
Great SouthernConsols Sdg
Cave Hill Sdg
Sale Wharf
Bairnsd
ale W
harf
Coal Ck
Balla
rat C
attle
Yds
Cargeegs S
dg
Albion Sdg
McKenzie & Hollands Sdg
New
market
Saleyards
Gas Coys Sdg
Californ
ia Gully
Cattle
Sdg
Cattle Sdg
Wedges Sdg
Hay's Sdg
Jefferson's SdgBarkers Ck Sdg
Portland Freezing Coy Sdg
New
Hav
ilah
Sdg
Lethbridge Quarry Sdg
Mathieson's Sdg
Burkes Hill Sdg
Lignite Sdg
Mdm Hopkins GM Sdg
Meat Coy's Sdg
Schoolhouse Lane Sdg
Lowry Sdg
Meat Coys Sdg
O'Conner's Ballast Sdg
Russell's Sdg
Cattle Yards
Eureka Sdg
Hernes
Oak
Great M
orwell
Coy Sd
g
Walwal Ballast PitsHorsham Tramway Sdg
Coleraine Jn
Curdies
River Jn
Shelbourne Jn
Maldon Jn
Wildwoods Sdg
Stratford Jn
Brooklyn
Newport Sth Jn
Arden St Y
d
Melbourne Yard
NewportWorkshops
Cattle Sdg
Nth Ballarat Jn
Rupertswood
Byrnesi
de
Spencer Crossing
Mt Clear
Mt Helen
Sulky
Bald Hills
Shen
leyStanley
Marcus Hill
Gannawarra
Woomelang
Watchupga
CuryoKinnabulla
Karyrie
Birchip
Morton Plains
Watchem
Massey
LitchfieldLake Buloke
Donald
Cope CopeSwanwater
Sutherland
St Arnaud
Carapooee
Emu
Bealib
a
Goldsborough
DunollyBet Bet
HavelockSimsons
Maryborough
Adelaide Lead
Bung Bong
HomebushAvocaAmphitheatre
Elmhurst
Eversley
Crowlands
Dunneworthy
Warra Yadin
Caris
broo
kM
oolo
rtJo
yces
Cre
ekDaisy Hill
Talbot
ClunesTourello
Painswick
Laurie
Tarnagulla
Llanelly
Arnold's Bridge
Bullabul
Inglewood
Bridgew
ater
Derby
Kurting
Glenalb
yn
Wedderburn Jn
Korong Vale
WedderburnW
ychite
lla
Buckrab
anyule
Barrak
ee
Charlton
Teddywaddy
GlenlothFairviewWycheproof
Tyrell Ck
Nullawil
Kaneira
Berriwillock
Boigbeat
Sea Lake
Borung
Mysia
Boort
BarraportGredgwin
Oakvale
Quambatook
Cannie
Lalbert
Meatian
Ultima
Swan Hill
Lake Boga
Mystic Park
Lake Charm
Yeoburn
Koondrook
HinksonsSouth Kerang
Tragowel
Macorna
Happy Valley
Linton
Traw
alla
Beau
fort
Mid
dle Cree
k
Buango
rDobie'
s
Ararat
Armstrong's
Great Western
StawellDeep Lead
Glenorchy
Walwal
Lubeck
Jackson
RupanyupHopefield
Murtoa
Jung JungDooen
Horsham
Pimpinio
Wail
DimboolaGera
ng Gerung
Kiata
Salisbury
Nhill
Diapur
Miram PiramKan
iva
Lillimur
Serv
iceton Antwerp
Tarranyurk
Jeparit
Ellam
Pullut
Rainbow
Coromby
Minyip
Nullan
Sheep HillsKellalac
Warracknabeal
Lah
Brim
Galaquil
Beulah
Rosebery
Goyura
Hopetoun
Vectis East
Quantong
East Natimuk
Natimuk
Arapiles
St Mary's
Gymbowen
Goroke
Noradjuha
Maroona
Glen Thompson
Dunkeld
Moutajup
Hamilton
Branxholme
Condah
Myamyn
Milltown
Heywood
Portlan
d Nth
Miakite
MerinoHen
tySandford
Casterton
Bochara
WannonGritjurk
Coleraine
BeeacOndit
Winchelsea
Birr
egur
ra
War
ncoo
rt
IrrewarraColacLarpent
Pirron Yallo
ckWhoorel
Dean's MarshPennyroyal
MurroonBarwon Downs
Gerangamete
YaugherForrest
Ston
eyfo
rdPomborneit
Wee
rite
Camperd
own
Boorcan
Tera
ng
GarvocPanmureCudgeeAllansford
Warr
nambool
Dennington
IllowaKoroit
Warrnambool Pier
CrossleyKirstall
Rosebrook
Port Fairy
Warr
ongWoolsthorpe
Hawkesdale
Minhamite
PurdeetPen
shurst
Crxton East
Yatchaw
Naroghid
Cobden
Glenfyne
Timboon
Mortlake
Terang Rc
Mincha
Pyramid Hill
Mologa
Mitiamo
Prairie
Dingee
Tandarra
Raywood
Sebastian
Sydney Flat
Leichardt
Marong
New
stead
Stra
ngw
ays Guildford
Campbell's Ck
Shelb
ourne
Pollard
MaldonMuckleford
Woodburn
DaylesfordMusk
BullartoLyonvilleTrentham
Fern Hill
Tylden
Ballan
Ingliston
Bradshaw's Ck
Bacc
hus
Parw
an
Rowsley
Staugh
ton Sd
gM
elton
Rock
bankElaine
Meredith
Lethbridge
Leigh Rd
Gherin
ghap
Moo
rabo
ol
Buckley's Rd
Mt Moriac
Pettavel RdGermantown
LayardGherang
WormbeteWensleydale
Scarborough
Drysdale
Mannerim
Queenscliff
Lara
Little River
WerribeeWerribee Rc
Fyan's C
reek
Grampians
Diggers'
Sunbury
Lancefield JnRiddell
GisborneMacedonWoodend
Carlsruhe
KynetonRedesdale Jn
Mal
msb
ury
Tara
dale
Elphinstone
Chewton
CastlemaineHarcourt
Ravenswood
HuntlyBagshot
Wellsford
Goornong
Sth Elmore
Elmore
Rochester
EchucaMoama
Echuca Wharf
Moira
Mathoura
Deniliquin
EdgecombeGreen HillEast Metcalfe
EmbertonBarfold
Redesdale
Axe Ck
Axedale
Axedale Rc
Ingham's S
dg
Knowsley
Derrinal
Heathco
te
South H
eathco
te
Tooboorac
Pyalo
ngH
igh
Cam
p Pl
ain
Mor
andi
ng
Will
owm
avin
Kilm
ore
BolindaMonegeetaMonegeetaNth
Romsey
Lancefield
Bylands
Leslie
CraigieburnDonnybrook
BeveridgeWallan
Kilmore JnWandong
Kilmore East
Broadford
Tallarook
Seymour
MangaloreAvenel
Monea
Burnt Ck
Longwood
Creighton
Euroa
Balmattum
Violet Town
Baddaginnie
Benalla
WintonGlenrow
an
Wangaratta
Beechworth Jn
Springhurst Chiltern
Lilliput
RutherglenWahgunyah
Londrigans
Tarrawingee
Everton
Lee's Crossing
Beechworth
Woorragee
Yackandandah
Wodonga
Albury
Bandian
a
Bonegilla
Bethan
ga Rd
Huon Lane Bolga
Tallangatta
Tatonga Cattle Sdg
Palmers
ton
Myrtlefo
rd
Ovens V
ale
Eurobin
Porepunkah
Bright
Barnawatha
BrookfieldOxley
Docker
Moyhu
Edi
Whitfield
GoorambatNooramungaDevenish
St James
Tungamah
Telford
Yarrawonga
Tabilk
Nagambie
Wahring
Murchison East
Arcadia
Toolamba
Mooroopna
Shepparton
Congupna Rd
Tallygaroopna
Wunghnu
Numurkah
Katunga
Strathmerton
Yarroweyah
CobramW
aaia
Nathali
a
BarwoPico
la
Cosgrove
Pine Lodge
Dookie
Yabba Sth
Yabba Nth
Youanmite
Katamatite
TaturaMerr
igumKyabram
TongalaKoyuga
Echuca Rc
Murchiso
n
Whroo Rd Sd
g
Wara
nga
Rushworth
Trawool
Falls Creek Sdg
Kerrisdale
Homewood
YeaCheviot
Molesw
orthCathkin
Alexandra Rd
Yarck
Kanumbra
Merton
Woodfie
ld
Bonnie Doon
Maindam
ple
Mansfi
eld
Whittlessea
Yan YeanSth Yan Yean
Croydon
Mooroolbark
Lilydale
Coldstream
YeringYarr
a Glen
Tarraw
ara
Heales
ville
Bayswater
U Ferntre
e Gully
L Ferntre
e Gully
Hallam
's Rd
Narre
War
ren
Berwick
Beaco
nsfield
Officer
Pakenham
Nar Nar
Goon
Tynong
Garfiel
d
BunyipLongw
arryD
rouinW
arragulBloom
fieldDarnum
Yarr
agon
Traf
alga
r
Moe
Mor
well
Traralgon
Loy Yang
Flynn's Ck
Rosedale
Fulham
Sale
Montgomery
Stratford
Munro
Fernbank
LindenowHillside
Bairnsdale
Briagolong
Bushy ParkBoisdale
Maffra
Tinamba
Heyfield
DawsonCowwarr
Toongabbie
Glengarry
CoalvilleNarracan
Thorpdale HazelwoodYinnar
Boolarra
Darlimurla
Nth Mirboo
Lillico
Buln BulnCrossover
RokebyBravington
Neerim Sth
Cranbourne
Clyde
TooradinKoo Wee Rup
Koo Wee Rup
Monomeith
Caldermeade
Lang Lang
Loch
Jeetho
Bena
Whitelaw
Korumburra
Kardella
Ruby
Leongatha
Koonwarra
Tarwin
MeeniyanStony Creek
Buffalo Ck
Boys
Fish
Cre
ek
Hoddle Range
Foste
rFr
ankl
in R
iver
Toor
aA
gnes
Riv
erW
elshp
ool
Hed
ley
Alberton
Gellio
ndal
e
Port Albert
Jumbunna
OuttrimOuttrim Nth
HastingsBittern
Crib Point
Stony PointPortland
Mar
sh
Rest
Nyora
Tyabb
Canadian
Buninyong
Lal Lal
Yendon
Navigators
Warr
enheip
Dunnstown
Bungaree
Wall
ace
Millbrook
Gordons
Ballarat East
Balla
rat
Scarsdale Jn
Cardigan
Trunk Lead
Haddon
Nintingbool
Smythesdale
Scarsdale
Newtown
Dowling Forest
Winderm
ere
Burrumbee
tWaubra Jn
Creswick
Nth CreswickNewlyn
Rocky Lea
d
Wombat
Leonard's Hill
Balla
rat R
c
Pisgah
Mt B
low
hard
Midas
Lear
mon
th
Nth
Lea
rmon
th Creswick Rc
Broomfield
Allendale
Kingston Sailor's FallAddington
Waubra
Nor
thco
te St
hFa
irfiel
d Pa
rkA
lphi
ngto
n
Ivanhoe
Heidelberg
Northcote
Croxton
ThornburyPreston (Bell St)
Preston (Murray Rd)
Preston (Regent St)
Preston (Reservoir)
Thomastown
Epping
Sth Morang
S BrunswickBrunswick
Moreland
Coburg
Fawkner
Somerton
Ascot Vale
Moonee Ponds
Essendon
Nth Essendon
Pascoe Vale
Glenroy
Broadmeadows
St Albans
Sydenham
Hawksburn
Balaclava
Elsternwick
ToorakArmadale
Malvern
Caulfield
Glen Huntly
RosstownMurrumbeena
Oakleigh
East
Rich
mon
d
Burnley
HeyingtonKooyong
ToorongaGardiner
Glen Iris
Auburn
Glenferrie
Barker's Rd
KewHawthorn
Cam
berwell
Riversdale
Hartwell
Ashburton
Darling
Deepden
e
East Camberwell
Canter
bury
Surrey Hills
Mont Albert
Box Hill
Albion
Deer P
ark
Beac
hW
illia
msto
wn
Williamstown Pier
William
stown Rc
BrightonBrighton Beach
Hampton
Sandringham
OrmondMcKinnonEast Brighton
Highett
Cheltenham
Mentone
Mordialloc
Aspendale Park
Carrum
Clayton
Spring ValeSandown Park Rc
Dandenong
Lyndhurst
Middle
Frankston
Langwarrin
Mornington JnMoorooduc
SomervilleMornington
Blackburn
TunstallMitc
ham
Ring
woo
d
Laverton
Spencer St
MontaguePort Melbourne Nth
Graham St
Port Melbourne
Sth Melbourne
Albert Park
Middle Park
St Kilda
Macaulay
Kensin
gton
Sth Kensington
Footscray (Main Line)
Footscray West
Tottenham
Braybrook Jn
Newmark
etFlemington Rc
Newport
Yarraville
Flemington Bridge
Royal Park
Fitzroy
Spottiswoode
Nth
Car
lton
Nth
Fitz
roy
Northcote
Clifton
Hill
Flinders StPrinces Bridge
Prahran
Sth Yarra
Richmond
Windsor
Nth Melb
ourne
Golden Square
Bendigo
Epsom Rc
Epsom
Eagleh
awk
Myers Flat
North Shore
Nth Geelong
Geelong
Sth GeelongMoolap
Marshall
Nth Williamstown
Cattle Sdg
KangarooFlat
Brighton
Kerr's Lane
Flour Mill Sdg
Cowie's Ck
Geelong Sh
owgrounds
Lal Lal Rc
Flinders St Yd
Leeor
Tarran
ginnie
Grassd
ale
Wickcliffe Rd
Leopold
Footscray (Suburban)
Mt W
illiam
Gol
die
Sprin
gfie
ld
High ParkForbes
West
Collingwood
St G
eorg
es R
d Jn
Bowman's
Forest
Geelong Rc
Middle
Bell Park
Nth Coburg
Campbellfield Nth
Fulham GrangeWillsmere
East K
ew
Nth
Moyne
Reedy Lake
Kerang
Koondrook
Tramway
Show Grounds
Campbellfield
South Brighton
Ballarat Gardens
Burrumbee
tRc
0 5 10 15 205
Scale of Miles0510 5 10 15 20 25 30
Scale of KilometresScale: 1 to 2,000,000
Railw
ay M
ap o
f Vic
tori
a, 1
950
Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh
Broad Gauge (5'3")Standard Gauge (4'8.5")Narrow Gauge (2'6")Other
VR Private
Scale: 1 to 750,000Ballarat Area
Melbourne Area
Scale of Miles
Scale of Kilometres
543210
54321 0
Scale: 1 to 350,0001
1 6 7 8
Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000
Geelong BendigoScale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000
NotOpen
5 0 10
5 0 5 10 15
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles
5
1 0 1 2 3 4
Scale of Kilometres
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Miles
50
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles1 1 2 3 4
5
ElectricStreetRailway
ElectricStreetRailway
Gypsum
Torpey's Sdg
Maffesc
ioni's Sd
g
Charlton Cattle Sdg
Pile Sdg
McDougall
Dysart Mobilization Sdg
Lamrock
Cave Hill Sdg
Sale WharfMaryvale
Pow
ersc
ourt
Sdg
APM Sdg
Collins Sdg
White Rock Lim
e Sdg
Ballast SdgCoal Ck
DudleyA
rea
Eastern
Area
Mitchell's Sdg
Vacuum Oil Sdg
Ballarat Cattle Yds
Selkirk
s Sdg
White's Sdg
Mont Park
Albion Sdg
COR Sdg
Darling Sdg
Forsyth's Sdg
Shell Sdg
Aircraft Sdg
Thomas' Mill
McKenzie & Hollands Sdg(Sth Brooklyn)
Melb Quarries
Williams H
ighfield SdgSdgLittle
Brooklyn
Rheem Sdg
Jas Hardie Sdg
Kenstore
New
market
Saleyards
HoldenOil
Dock
NewportPowerStation
Freezin
gWhite Hills Sdg
Gas C
oys Sdg
California G
ullyPhosphate Sdg
Corio Quay
Fyan
sford
Cheetham
Sdg
Coys Sdg
Ford's Sdg
Cattle
Sdg
Ballast Sdg
Portland Freezing Coys Sdg
Ballast SdgShell &
CRB Sdgs
Mildura Co-op Fruit Sdg
Shell
Sdg
Shepparton Preserving Sdg
Ballast
Sdg
Timber
Sdg
Sandhurst
Fowlers Sdg
Braybrook Quarries Sdg
Willis' Bros Sdg
C'wealthQuarry Sdg
Caltex Sdg
Donald Freezing Coy Sdg
Staugh
ton's
Sdg
PrincesPier
Oil Dock
GeelongGrammar
Sdg
Int' Havester Sdg
Marmalake
Warrackside
Grampians Wheat Depot
Vict A
gricultu
ral Lim
e Sdg
Livestock Sdg
Kirrak
Mulyara
Albistore
Broadstore
Bandiord
Bandolie
r
Distillers Sdg
Eureka
RedanCaltex Sdg
Smorgon's SdgArmbrook
Sdg
Monsanto
Western & Metro
Angliss' Sdg
Noojee Ext
Cattle Yards
Daylesford Woollen & Worsted Mills Sdg
C'wea
lth Sd
g
APM Sdg
Rave
nhal
l
Alumatta Sdg
Market Trust Sdg
Brunswick PlasterMills Sdg
Brooklyn Quarries Sdg
Amal.
Prossor
QuarriesStanley
Wright
W'Shops
Borthwick's Sdg
Stephenson Sdg
Maidsto
ne
Munistone
Raafst
one
Coleraine Jn
Timboon Jn
Shelbourne Jn
Maldon Jn
Wildwoods
Hernes
Oak
Stratford Jn
State
Mine
Wodonga Coal Sdg
Drome Loop
Brooklyn
Newport Sth Jn
Tottenham Yard
Arden St Y
d
Melbourne YardFootscrayGoods
NewportWorkshops
Nth Bendigo Jn
Bank
Box
Rock Loop
Mor
tlake
Jn
Brookwood
Maribrynong River Jn
ElliminytTulloh
Coram
Birnam
WimbaMcDevittDitchleyBuchanan
Rupertswood
TargooraLaceby
Skehan
Byrne
AnglesideClaremont Dwyer
Hyem
JarrottPieper
RMSP 28
Hendersyde
Byrnesi
de
Ky Vall
eyKanyapella
RMSP 17
RMSP 10RMSP 9
Teco
ma
Selb
y
Wrig
htFi
elder Claybank
Sulky
Bald Hills
RMSP
27
RMSP 25
RMSP 30
RMSP 26
RMSP 21RMSP 13
RMSP 14RMSP 18
RMSP 23
COR Platform
RMSP 54
RMSP 55
RMSP
29RM
SP 36
RMSP 31
RMSP 32
RMSP 37
RMSP 38
RMSP 34
RMSP 39
Mornington Rc
RMSP 70
RMSP 75
RMSP 46
RMSP 53
RMSP
52
RMSP 45
RMSP 44
RMSP 43
RMSP 42
RMSP 41
RMSP 68RMSP 67RMSP 66
RMSP 63
RMSP 71
RMSP
65RM
SP 64
RMSP 56
RMSP 57
RMSP 58RMSP
59RMSP
60
RMSP 61RMSP 62
RMSP 84
RMSP 83
RMSP 82
Rangele
aNth Bendigo
RMSP 8RMSP 77
RMSP 33
RMSP 48
RMSP 49
RMSP 50RMSP 51
RMSP 47
RMSP 73
RMSP 72
RMSP 40
RMSP 79
Marcus
Gannawarra
Yelta
Merbein
Mildura
Irymple
Redcliffs
Yatpool
Carwarp
Boonoonar
Nowingi
Thurla
BenetookPirlta
Merrinee
Karawinna
Werrimul
Bambill
Yarrara
Meringur
Hattah
Trinita
Kiamal
Ouyen
TiegaGalahW
alpeupTorrita
UnderboolLingaBoinkaTutye
CowangieDanyo
Murrayville
CarinaPanitya
Pinnaroo
Nunga
Bronzewing
Tempy
Speed
Turriff
Gama
Lascelles
Woomelang
Watchupga
CuryoKinnabulla
Karyrie
Birchip
Morton Plains
Watchem
Massey
LitchfieldBuloke
Donald
Cope CopeSwanwater
Sutherland
St Arnaud
Carapooee
Emu
Bealib
a
Goldsborough
DunollyBet Bet
HavelockSimson
Maryborough
Adelaide Lead
Bung Bong
HomebushAvoca
Amphitheatre
Elmhurst
Eversley
Ben Nevis
Dunneworthy
Warra Yadin
Crowlands
Joel
Landsborough
TulkaraNavarre
Caris
broo
kM
oolo
rtJoy
ces C
reekDaisy Hill
Talbot
Clun
esTo
urell
o
Painswick
Laurie
Tarnagulla
Llanelly
Arnold
Bullabul
Inglewood
Bridgew
ater
Derby
Kurting
Glenalb
yn
Wedderburn Jn
Korong Vale
WedderburnW
ychite
lla
Buckrab
anyule
Barrak
ee
Charlton
Teddywaddy
GlenlothFairviewWycheproof
Dumosa
Nullawil
Culgoa
Warne
Berriwillock
Boigbeat
Sea Lake
NindaNyarrin
Nandaly
Pier Millan
Mittyack
Leitpar
Kulwin
Borung
Mysia
Boort
BarraportGredgwin
Oakvale
Quambatook
Cannie
Lalbert
Meatian
Ultima
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Chillingollah
Chinkapook
Cocamba
Manangatang
Bolton
Koimbo
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Bannerton
Robinvale
Yungera
KoorkabKooloongong
Natya
Piangil
Nyahwest
Coonimur
Miralie
Pira
Woorinen Swan Hill
Pental
Lake BogaTresco
Mystic Park
Lake Charm
FairleyKerang Yeoburn
Westby
Myall
Murrabit
Koondrook
HinksonsSouth Kerang
Tragowel
Macorna
Moulamein
Berambong
Perekerten
Moolpa
Impini
YangalakeBalranald
Happy ValleyLinton
Pittong
Skipton
Berringa
Illabrook
Rokewood
Werneth
Traw
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Beau
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Middle CreekBuangor
Dobie
Ararat
ArmstrongGreat Western
StawellDeep Lead
Glenorchy
Wal Wal
Lubeck
Jackson
RupanyupBolangum
Marnoo
Banyen
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Burrum
Ashens
Murtoa
JungDooen
Horsham
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Pimpinio
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Kiata
Salisbury
Nhill
Tarranginnie
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Serv
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Arkona
Antwerp
Tarranyurk
Jeparit
Ellam
Pullut
Rainbow
Albacutya
Yaapeet
Detpa
Lorquon
NetherbyYanac
Coromby
Minyip
Nullan
Sheephills
MellisWarracknabeal
Batchica Sdg
Lah
Brim
Galaquil
Beulah
Rosebery
Goyura
Hopetoun
Burroin
Dattuck
Yarto
Willa
Patchewollock
Remlaw Sdg
VectisQuantong
East Natimuk
Natimuk
Arapiles
Mitre
Gymbowan
Duffholme
GorokeMortat
Carpolac
Noradjuha
Jallumba
Toolondo
Jeffries
Kanagulk
Balmoral
EnglefieldVasey
Gatum
Urangara
Cavendish
Kyup
Kanawalla
Langi Logan
Maroona
Calvert
WillauraStavelyGlen Thompson
Dunkeld
Moutajup
StrathkellarHamilton
Branxholme
Condah
Myamyn
Milltown
Heywood
Heathmere
GoraePortl
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GreenwaldW
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BocharaWannonPark
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Tatyoon
Mininera
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Nerrin Nerrin
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Duverney
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YaugherForrest
Lovat
Kawarren
Barongarook
GellibrandBanool
DinmontBeech Forest
Ferguson
Weeaproinah
Kincaid Sdg
Wyelangta
Stalker
Lavers HillCrowes
CororookeCoragulac
Alvie
Ston
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Wee
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Camperd
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Boorcan
Tera
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GarvocPanmureCudgeeAllansford
Warr
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Dennington
IllowaKoroit
CrossleyKirstall
MoyneRosebrook
Port Fairy
Warr
ongWoolsthorpe
Hawkesdale
Minhamite
Purdeet
Pensh
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Tabor
Yatchaw
Naroghid
Cobden
ElingamiteGlenfyne
CurdieTimboon
Mortlake
Terang Rc
Mincha
Pyramid
Mologa
Mitiamo
Prairie
Dingee
Tandarra
Raywood
Sebastian
Woodvale
Leichardt
Marong
Newste
ad
Stran
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Campbell
Shelb
ourne
Pollard
MaldonMuckleford
WoodburnDaylesfo
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Musk
Bullarto
LyonvilleTrentham
Fern Hill
Tylden
Ballan
Ingliston
Bradshaw
Llandeilo
Bacc
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Parw
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Rowsley
Melt
onRo
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Meredith
LethbridgeQuarry SdgLethbridge
Bannock
burn
Murgheboluc
Gherin
ghap
Moo
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Buckley
Moriac
Pettavel
Grovedale
Leopold
Curlewis
Drysdale
Mannerim
Queenscliff
Lara
Little River
Manor
WerribeeWerribee Rc
Diggers
Sunbury
ClarkefieldRiddellGisborneMacedon
WoodendCarlsruhe
KynetonRedesdale Jn
Mal
msb
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Tara
dale
Elphinstone
Chewton
CastlemaineHarcourt
Ravenswood
HuntlyBagshot
Wellsford
Goornong
Avonmore
Elmore
Rochester
Strathallan
Echuca
MoamaEchuca Wharf
Barnes
Moira
Mathoura
Gulpa Sdg
Hill Plain
Southdown
Deniliquin
Benarca
Womboota
Thyra
Bunnaloo
Tantonan
Caldwell
Yallakool
Wakool
Burraboi
Jimaringle
Niemur
Dhuragon
Hunter
Warragamba
McColl
Lockington
Kotta
Roslynmead
Patho
Gunbower
Leitchville
Keely
Cohuna
EdgecombeGreen HillEast Metcalfe
EmbertonBarfold
Redesdale
Longlea
Axedale
Axedale Rc
Ingham Sd
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Knowsley
Derrinal
Heathco
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Argyle
Tooboorac
Pyalo
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Cam
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Mor
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Will
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Kilm
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MonegeetaNth Romsey
Lanc
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Bylands
Leslie
CraigieburnDonnybrook
Beveridge
Wallan
Heathcote JnWandong
Kilmore East
Broadford
Tallarook
Seymour
MangaloreAvenel
Monea
Locksley
Longwood
Creighton
Euroa
Balmattum
Violet Town
Baddaginnie
Benalla Winton
Glenrowan
Wangaratta
Bowser
Springhurst Chiltern
Lilliput
RutherglenWahgunyah
Peechelba East
Boorhaman
Londrigan
Tarrawingee
Everton
Baarmutha
Beechworth
Woorragee
Yackandandah
Wodonga
Albury
Bandian
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Ebden
Huon Bolga
Tallangatta
Bullioh
Darbyshire
Koet
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Tatonga
Shell
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Beetoomba
Wabba
Cudgewa
Gapste
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Myrtlefo
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Ovens
Eurobin
Porepunkah
Bright
Barnawatha
Bowman
BrookfieldOxley
Docker
Moyhu
Edi
King Valley
Whitfield
Chesney
GoorambatNooramungaDevenish
St James
Tungamah
Telford
YarrawongaMulwala
Sloane
Warragoon
Rennie
Tabilk
Nagambie
Wahring
Murchison East
Arcadia
Toolamba
Mooroopna
Shepparton
Congupna Rd
Tallygaroopna
WunghnuNumurkah
Katunga
Strathmerton
Yarroweyah
Cobram
Mywee
Tocumwal
Waa
ia
Nathali
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BarwoPico
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Cosgrove
Pine Lodge
Dookie
Yabba Sth
Yabba Nth
Youanmite
Katamatite
Tatura
MerrigumKyab
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Murchiso
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Hammond
Wara
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Rushworth
Erwen
Wan
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Colbinabbin
Karook
Stanhope
Girgarre
Trawool
Granite
Kerrisdale
Homewood
YeaCheviot
Molesw
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Koriella
Alexandra
Yarck
Kanumbra
Merton
Woodfie
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Bonnie Doon
Maindam
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Mansfi
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Whittlessea
Yan YeanMernda
Croydon
Mooroolbark
Lilydale
Coldstream
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Ck
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Emer
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Nobelius
Lakeside
Cock
atoo
Gembrook
Hal
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Warren
Berwick
Beaconsfield
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Pakenham
Nar Nar
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Warragul
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Traralgon
Loy Yang
Flynn
Rosedale
Kilmany
Fulham
Sale
Montgomery
Stratford
Munro
Fernbank
LindenowHillside
Bairnsdale
Nicholson
Mossiface
Bumberrah
Bruthen
Colquhoun
Nowa Nowa
Tostaree
Way
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OrbostBriagolong
Bushy ParkBoisdale
Maffra
Tinamba
Heyfield
DawsonCowwarr
Toongabbie
Glengarry
DavidCoalville
Narracan
Thorpdale HazelwoodYinnar
Boolarra
Darlimurla
Mirboo Nth
GoodingGould
MoondarraWatson
Erica
Platina
LillicoBuln Buln
Crossover
Rokeby
Bravington
Neerim Sth
NeerimNayook
Noojee
Cranbourne
Clyde
TooradinDalmore
Koo Wee Rup
Monomeith
Caldermeade
Lang Lang
Loch
Jeetho
Bena
Whitelaw
Korumburra
Kardella
Ruby
Leongatha
Gwyther Sdg
Koonwarra
Tarwin
MeeniyanStony Creek
Buffalo
Boys
Fish
Cre
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Hoddle Range
Foste
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Agn
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Hed
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Alberton
Gelliondale
Port Albert
YarramDevon
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Woodsid
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OuttrimOuttrim Nth
WoodleighKernotAlmurta
Glen ForbesWoolamaiAnderson
Kilcunda
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Bayles
Catani
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HastingsCrib Point
Red H
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Ston
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Portland
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Nyora
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Navigator
Warr
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Dunnstown
Bungaree Rc
Bungaree
Wallace
Millbrook
Gordon
Ballarat East
Ballarat
Nth Ballarat
Linton JnW
endouree
Cardigan
Kopke
HaddonNintingbool
Smythesdale
Scarsdale
Newtown
Winderm
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Waubra Jn
Creswick
Nth CreswickNewlyn
Rock
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Wombat
Leonard
Balla
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Pisgah
Blow
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Lear
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Broomfield
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Kingston Sailor's FallAddington
Waubra
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Alp
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IvanhoeEaglemont
Heidelberg
Rosanna
Macleod
Watsonia
Greensb
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Montmorency
NorthcoteCroxton
Thornbury
Bell
Preston
Regent
Reservoir
Keonpark
Thomastown
Epping Sth Morang
S BrunswickBrunswick
AnsteyMoreland
Coburg
Batman
MerlynstonFawkner
Campbellfield
Nth Campbellfield
Somerton
Ascot Vale
Moonee Ponds
Essendon
GlenbervieNth Essendon
Pascoe Vale
Glenroy
Broadmeadows
St Albans
Sydenham
Hawksburn
BalaclavaRipponlea
Elsternwick
Gardenvale
ToorakArmadale
Malvern
Caulfield
Glen Huntly CarnegieM
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ToorongaGardiner
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Auburn
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KewHawthornCam
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RiversdaleWillison
Hartwell
Burwood
AshburtonDarling
Eastmalvern
Holmesglen
Jordan
ville
Mt Wav
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East C
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Canter
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Chatham
Surrey Hills
Mont Albert
Box Hill
DarebinAlbion
Deer P
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Will
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Will
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Williamstown Pier
PaisleyGalvin
William
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Hampton
Sandringham
OrmondMcKinnonBentleigh
Moorabbin
Highett
Cheltenham
Mentone
Parkdale
Mordialloc
Aspendale
Edithvale
Bonbeach
Chelsea
Carrum
Eastoakleigh
Clayton
Spring Vale
Spring Vale Cemetary
Sandown Park
Noble Park
Dandenong
Lyndhurst
Syndal
Glen W
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Middle
Seaford
Frankston
Langwarrin
BaxterMoorooduc
SomervilleMornington
Blackburn
Nunawad
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Mitcham
Ring
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Ringwood East
Heathmont
Eltham
Diamond Creek
Wattleglen
Hurstbridge
Laverton
Aircraft
Spencer St
Jolimont
MontagueNorth Port
Graham
Port Melbourne
Sth Melbourne
Albert Park
Middle Park
St Kilda
Macaulay
Kensin
gton
Sth Kensington
Footscray
Middle Footscray
West Footscray
Tottenham
White City
Sunsh
ine
Newmark
et
Show Grounds
Flemington Rc
Newport
Yarraville
Seddon
Flemington Bridge
Royal Park
Fitzroy
Spotswood
Nth
Car
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Nth
Fitz
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Rush
all
Merri
Nor
thco
te L
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JnClif
ton H
ill
Victoria ParkCollingwood
West Richmond
Nth Richmond
Flinders StPrinces Bridge
Prahran
Sth Yarra
Richmond
Windsor
Nth Melb
ourne
Golden Square
Bendigo
Bendigo RcEpsom
Eagleh
awk
Corio
North Shore
Nth Geelong
Geelong
Sth Geelong
Marshall
Geelong Rc
Nth Williamstown
SW Milk Coy Sdg
KangarooFlat
Brighton
Karween
Morkalla
Bittern
Wangamong
Oaklands
Ardee
r
Alamein
StationPier
Flinders St Yd
SangarTeal Point
0 5 10 15 205
Scale of Miles0510 5 10 15 20 25 30
Scale of KilometresScale: 1 to 2,000,000
Railw
ay M
ap o
f Vic
tori
a, 2
000
Copyright 1999, Andrew Waugh
Broad Gauge (5'3")Standard Gauge (4'8.5")Narrow Gauge (2'6")Other
VR Private
Scale: 1 to 750,000Ballarat Area
Melbourne Area
Scale of Miles
Scale of Kilometres
543210
54321 0
Scale: 1 to 350,0001
1 6 7 8
Inner & Western MelbourneScale: 1 to 150,000
Geelong BendigoScale: 1 to 500,00 Scale: 1 to 500,000
NotOpen
5 0 10
5 0 5 10 15
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles
5
1 0 1 2 3 4
Scale of Kilometres
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Miles
50
1 0 1 2 3
Scale of Kilometres
Scale of Miles1 1 2 3 4
5
Hazelw
ood
Charlton GEB Sdg
Apex Sdg
Maryvale
APM Sdg
White's Sdg
BP Sdg
Darling & Sons Sdg
Melb Quarries
Sdg
Little Brooklyn
Californ
ia Gully
Phosphate Sdg
Corio Quay
Fyansford
Bosloft S
dg
Mildura Co-op Fruit SdgShell
Sdg
Canning Factory Sdg
Sandhurst
Fowlers Sdg
Donald Freezing Coy Sdg
Marmalake
Warrackside
Reda
n
Portland Harbour Trust
Caltex SdgSarnia Packing Co Sdg
Livestock Sdg
AGM Sdg
Briquett
e Sdg
Fords Sdg
Commonwealth Engineering Sdg
Boral
Resou
rces S
dg
NRC MFT
Dynon
Esso Sdg
Long Island
Waurn Ponds
GEB Sdg
VR Tip
GEB Sdg
GEB Sdg
Livestock Sdg
MaribrynongRiverTerminal
Webb D
ock
Goninans Sdg
CRT Sdg
Elders Sdg
Bung Bong Ballast Sdg
Unamed Sdg
Grainco TerminalPatrick Sdg
Beulah GEB Sdg
Grone Kalari Sdg
Portland Depot Sdg
Deniliquin Rice Growers Sdg
Ampol SdgOil Sdgs
Bandiana
Caltex Sdg
AR Scoones
Sdg
Campbells Sdg
Morwell Freightgate
Traralgon Cement Sdg
Sale Industrial Sdg
SCT Sdg
Ballarat Ballast Sdg
Deniliquin Freighters Sdg
Hernes
Oak
Wodonga Coal Sdg
Newport Sth Jn
Tottenham Yard
NewportWorkshops
Nth Bendigo Jn
Bank
Box
Loo
p
Brooklyn
Patterson
Tullamarine Loop
Somerton Loop
McIntyre Loop
Chiltern Loop
Wodonga Loop
Alumatta LoopGlenrowan Loop
Benalla LoopViolet Town Loop
Longwood Loop
Seymour Loop
Broadford Loop
Tallarook Loop
Wallan Loop
Donnybrook Loop
Long Island Jn
Tottenham
B
Salisbury Loop
Deer P
ark W
est J
n
Leeor L
oop
Kaniva L
oop
Chrome Loop
Grampians Loop
Murtoa LoopPimpinio Loop
Deep Lead Loop
Great Western Loop
Pyrenees Loop
Tourello Loop
Emu Loop
Parw
an L
oop
Sulky Loop
Vite V
ite Loop
Tottenham
Loop
Maldon Jn
Wingee
l Loop
Manor Loop
Riggs Ck Loop
Galvin BP
Elders BP
Nth Geelong C
Warr
enheip
Loop
Lydbrook Loop
Tatyoon Loop
Fiery Ck BP
Tooli BP
Wern
eth BP
Hesse BP
Maribrynong River Jn
Longwood BP
Bowser BP
Granite
s BP
Wycheproof BP
Sea Lake BP
Mysia BP
Quambatook BP
Manangatang BP
Donald Loop
Curyo BP
Gama BP
Yatpool BP
Ultima BP
Sims St Jn
Jacksons BP
Portland Jn
Lethbrid
ge BP
Arnold BP
Hunter BP
Moira BP
Rupertswood
Mooradoo
Nobelius
Leawarra
Field
er
Yelta
Merbein
Mildura
Irymple
Redcliffs
Carwarp
Hattah
Kiamal
Ouyen
GalahWalpeup
Torrita
UnderboolLinga
Tutye
Cowangie
Murrayville
CarinaPanitya
Pinnaroo
Nunga
Tempy
Speed
Turriff
Gama
Lascelles
Woomelang
Watchupga
CuryoKinnabulla
Birchip
Morton Plains
Watchem
Massey
Litchfield
Donald
Cope CopeSwanwater
Sutherland
St Arnaud
Bealib
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Dunolly
Maryborough
Caris
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Talbot
Inglewood
Bridgew
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Kurting
Korong ValeW
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Buckrab
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Barrak
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Charlton
Teddywaddy
GlenlothWycheproof
Dumosa
Nullawil
Culgoa
Warne
Berriwillock
Boigbeat
Sea Lake
NindaNyarrin
Nandaly
Pier Millan
Mittyack
Kulwin
Borung
Boort
BarraportGredgwin
Oakvale
Quambatook
Cannie
Lalbert
Meatian
Ultima
GowanfordWaitchie
Chillingollah
Chinkapook
Cocamba
Manangatang
Bolton
Annuello
Bannerton
Robinvale
Piangil
Nyah West
Miralie
Pira
WoorinenSwan Hill
Lake Boga
Mystic Park
Kerang
Moulamein
Traw
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Beau
fort
Buan
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Ararat
Stawell
Glenorchy
Lubeck Loop
Murtoa
JungDooen
Horsham
Pimpinio
WailDimboola
Gerang Geru
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KiataSalisbury
Nhill
Diapur Loop
Miram
Kaniva
Lillimur
Serv
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Arkona
Antwerp
Tarranyurk
Jeparit
Ellam
Pullut
Rainbow
Albacutya
Yaapeet
Coromby
Minyip
Nullan
Sheep Hills
Warracknabeal
Batchica
Lah
Brim
Galaquil
Beulah
Rosebery
Goyura
Hopetoun
MaroonaW
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Glen Thompson Loop
DunkeldHamilton
Heywood Loop
Portland
Dartmoor
Westmere
Berryban
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Inve
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Winchelsea
Birreg
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Cam
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Boor
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Tera
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Warr
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Dennington
Pyramid
Mitiamo
Prairie
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Tandarra
Raywood
Balla
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Bacc
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Melt
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Meredith
Gherin
ghap
Lara
Little River
WerribeeWerribee Rc
Diggers
Sunbury
Clarkefield
Riddell's Ck
GisborneMacedon
Woodend
Kyneton
Malmsbury
Castlemaine
Goornong
Elmore
Rochester
Echuca
Barnes
Mathoura
Deniliquin
Womboota
Bunnaloo
Caldwell
Wakool
Burraboi
Craigieburn
WallanHeathcote Jn
Wandong
Kilmore East
Broadford
Tallarook
Seymour
Avenel
Euroa
Balmattum
Violet Town
Benalla
Wangaratta
Springhurst
Chiltern
Rutherglen
WahgunyahW
odonga
Albury
Barnawatha
Goorambat
Devenish
St James
Tungamah
Yarrawonga
Sloane
WarragoonRennie
Nagambie
Murchison East
Toolamba
Mooroopna
Shepparton
Congupna
Tallygaroopna
WunghnuNumurkah
Katunga
StrathmertonCobram
Tocumwal
Cosgrove
Pine Lodge
DookieTatu
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KyabramTongala
Croydon
Mooroolbark
Lilydale
Coldstream
Bayswater
U Ferntre
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Fern Tree
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Hal
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Berwick
Beaconsfield
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Pakenham
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War
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Stratford
Fernbank
Hillside
Bairnsdale
Cranbourne
Koo Wee Rup
Lang Lang
Loch
Bena
Korumburra
Leongatha
Hastings
Crib Point
Ston
y Po
int
Mar
sh
Rest
NyoraTyabb
Lal Lal
Bungaree Loop
Balla
rat
Nth Ballarat
Wes
tgar
thFa
irfiel
d
Dennis
Alp
hing
ton
IvanhoeEaglemont
Heidelberg
Rosanna
Macleod
Watsonia
Greensb
orough
Montmorency
NorthcoteCroxton
Thornbury
Bell
Preston
Regent
Reservoir
Keonpark
Thomastown
Jewell
BrunswickAnstey
Moreland
Coburg
Batman
MerlynstonFawkner
Upfield
Somerton
Ascot Vale
Moonee Ponds
Essendon
GlenbervieStrathmore
Pascoe Vale
Glenroy
Broadmeadows
St Albans
Sydenham
Hawksburn
BalaclavaRipponlea
Elsternwick
Gardenvale
ToorakArmadale
Malvern
Caulfield
Glenhuntly CarnegieM
urrumbeena
OakleighHughesdale
East
Rich
mon
d
Burnley
HeyingtonKooyong
ToorongaGardiner
Glen Iris
Auburn
Glenfer
rieHawthornCam
berwell
RiversdaleWillison
Hartwell
Burwood
AshburtonDarling
East Malvern
Holmesglen
Jordan
ville
Mt Wav
erley
East C
amberw
ell
Canter
bury
Chatham
Surrey Hills
Mont Albert
Box Hill
DarebinAlbion
Deer P
ark
Will
iam
stow
n Be
ach
Will
iam
stow
n
Seah
olm
e
Alto
na
Nth
BrightonBrighton Beach
Hampton
Sandringham
OrmondMcKinnonBentleigh
Moorabbin
Highett
Cheltenham
Mentone
Parkdale
Mordialloc
Aspendale
Edithvale
Bonbeach
Chelsea
Carrum
Huntingdale
Clayton
Spring ValeSandown Park
Noble Park
Dandenong
Syndal
Glen W
averl
ey
Middle
Seaford
Frankston
Baxter
Somerville
Blackburn
Nunawad
ing
Mitcham
Ring
woo
d
Ringwood East
Heathmont
Eltham
Diamond Creek
Wattleglen
Hurstbridge
Laverton
Aircraft
Spencer St
Jolimont
Macaulay
Kensin
gtonSth Kensington
Footscray
Middle Footscray
West Footscray
Tottenham
Sunsh
ine
Newmark
etShow GroundsFlemington Rc
Newport
Yarraville
Seddon
Flemington Bridge
Royal Park
Spotswood
Rushall
Merri
Clifton Hill
Victoria ParkCollingwood
West Richmond
Nth Richmond
Flinders St
Prahran
Sth Yarra
Richmond
Windsor
Nth Melb
ourne
Bendigo
Eagleh
awk
Corio
North Shore
Nth Geelong
Geelong
Sth GeelongGeelong Rc
Nth Williamstown
Brighton
Bittern
Wangamong
Oaklands
Ardee
r
Alamein
Sangar
Gowrie
Lalor
GMH
Westall
Laburn
am
Hea
ther
dale
Epping
Jacana
Oak Park
Teco
ma
Selb
y
Upw
ey
Belgrave
Men
zies
Ck
Clem
atis
Emer
ald
Hoppers Crossing
Donnybrook
Dahlen
Cola
c
Lake
side
Kananook
Ruthven
Yarraman
Tarranginnie
Dimboola Loop
Parliament
Mel
bour
ne C
entr
al
Flag
staf
f
Wes
tona
Ginnifer
Mt Gam
bier
MaldonMuckleford
MarcusMannerim
Lakers
Sdg
Drysdale
Queenscliff
Yarra G
len
Heales
ville
Cock
atoo
Gembr
ook
Tanti Park
MoorooducDaylesford
Musk
Bullarto
Thomson Happy ValleyMerinda Park
Where to tonight/beyond?
• Starting perspectives (prejudices?)
• Taking an independent look around
• Historical trends and bubbles
• The problem and proposed solution
• Setting out an achievable program
Perspectives-1Triple bottom line:econ-social-enviro
Perspectives-1
Triple bottom line:econ-social-enviro
Economy emerges in Society Economy supervenes Society
Society emerges in Environment Society supervenes Environment
These economic processes run a million times faster than the enviro.
Perspectives-1
Triple bottom line:econ-social-enviro
Economy emerges in Society Economy supervenes Society
Society emerges in Environment Society supervenes Environment
These economic processes run a million times faster than the enviro.
economy exists by social consent
Perspectives-2
Arguable schizophrenic dichotomy between planning a more marvellous Melbourne and encouraging indigenous cultural renaissance
• Always was, always will be, Aboriginal land
• Bill Gammage: The Biggest Estate on Earth
• Bruce Pascoe: Dark Emu: Black seeds agriculture or accident?
• In wake of Blanket Bay massacre
Perspectives-3
Community Campaign Creek Overshadowing
Mistake after mistake Focus on the positive
How the world worksAristotle’s four causes
Perspectives-4
How the world worksAristotle’s four causes
Final cause seen as coming from the future
Prefer “uses to which it is put”
Acting forwards but visible backwards
Work funded based on expectations
Perspectives-4
Perspectives-4
Free choice v standard platformsBiology/food, understanding language
Electricity, telecomms, other services
Perspectives-5
Free choice v standard platformsBiology/food, understanding language
Electricity, telecomms, other services
Beware hidden assumptions
Cars without roads, trains without rails
Journey time, driving time, planning time
Availability, frequency, side benefits
Perspectives-5
Look around
• Collecting experiential data since 2007
• Grew up next to train line near station
• Driving, interstate and overseas
• Rediscovered public transport in Sydney
• Seniors free V/Line travel entitlements
• Familiarisation with many Victorian towns
Look around-i
view from outside old back gate
Sometimes in the early hours, steam trains would let off too much pressure on run down from Glenroy, stall on the Glenbervie Bank and roll back towards Pascoe Vale to make another attempt.
Look around-i
Hearing the first train leave Pascoe Vale on a Saturday morning I could get out of bed, dress, grab stuff, run to station and catch it in the four minutes that allowed.
Look around-i
Glenbervie station subway more recently
Look around-ii
Driving a fair bit to Sydney and Adelaide, tried many alternatives to direct routes, becoming familiar with numerous towns.
Starting to travel internationally for business in 1986-87, each first arrival in Los Angeles, New York and London was by driving rental car from another city.
Look around-iii
putting the trams back but not this depot
Look around-iii
In Sydney during lead up to Olympics, their commitment to getting people on public transport showed a train system
which had leapfrogged Melbourne’s
despite decades earlier refurbishment of major tram depot and network closure.
Look around-iii
outside Frankston station before current renovation
Look around-iii
Back in Melbourne started using public transport to get to and from trail walks.
Then Senior Entitlements to free V/Line trips spread exploration to the country.
Look around-1
Portland Buchan
Dimboola Benalla
Look around-1
various personal reasons for early choices
Omeo Claims home via Lakes Entrance twice
Look around-2
day trips
Ararat Inverloch
Bendigo Shepparton
Look around-2
same day in Shepparton, a reminder of the reach of VR
Look around-3
2012: southwest WA after presenting at
a foresight conference held at Perth Zoo
WA’s only country line terminates at Bunbury
Rail freight to port at Albany
Woody Island stopover on Recherché Archipelago cruise
Look around-3
Upgrading rail freight to port at Esperance
Indian Pacific Kalgoorlie to Adelaide leg stretch at Cook
Look around-4
headlands beyond Cumberland, Wye and Kennett rivers
Look around-4
Spending as much time as possible on the east Otway coast, value contrasts
between closed Lorne, open Apollo Bay.
Much travel via Geelong gives familiarity from Warrnambool to Ballan and Rye.
Presented a year ago on bad separation of Geelong and Melbourne planning.
Calder peri-urban
Look around-5
Monthly visits to Kyneton
Look around-5
Macedon from Keilor Plains Riddells Creek
Woodend Castlemaine
Look around-5
Old Daylesford Boat House afternoon before burnt down Hanging Rock
Trentham Falls Lancefield
2014: 4 corners
Look around-6
In the North West, Mildura revolves around the Murray. Confluence with the Darling.
Look around-6
In the North East, Corryong provides view to Kosciusko. Home via Wodonga station.
Look around-6
South West: Mt. Gambier South East: Bermagui
Look around-72015: intermediate range
Halls Gap gateway Dunkeld
to the Grampians Disused station on freight line
2015: intermediate range
Look around-7
Port of Echuca terminus Dilapidated Kyabram platform
Echuca yard Maintained Kyabram irrigation
2015: intermediate range
Look around-7
Former Yarram station Port of Sale
Yarram main street Swing Bridge on Thomson
Look around-7Horsham slipped to 2016
Wimmera River Water management experience
held back by weir(s) Side trip to Rainbow
Across time
• 1998-2013 municipal population base line
• Feeling contemporary city-country divide
• Too much of a good thing: the motor car
• Corporatisation of government operations
• Knowledge sharing gets wheels
• Dropping away from the exponential
Across time-i
Extrapolating from data by municipality
1998 2013 Annual Doubling years
Regional Victoria 1,287,196 1,455,936 0.825% 84.4
Metro Melbourne 3,367,741 4,283,405 1.616% 43.2
Total Victoria 4,654,937 5,739,341 1.406% 49.6
Casey-Cardinia 204,728 359,181 3.819% 18.5
NW Growth Areas 361,641 675,051 4.249% 16.7
Geelong-Surf Coast 204,696 249,797 1.336% 52.2
Moorabool-Macedon Ranges-Mitchell 85,190 111,784 1.828% 38.3
Inner Melbourne 389,625 541,872 2.223% 31.5
• Cumulative impression gained visiting many
• A lot of space within to accommodate growth
• Commercial cores low rent/widely dispersed
• Basic infrastructure not being stretched
• Flicking through some 2015 indicative images
Towns planned with great aspirations
Across time-1
Across time-1
Towns planned with great aspirations
EchucaKyabram
Dunkeld
Across time-2
Melbourne's 40 year population doubling
• Short term fluctuations peaked in the 1880s
• Marvellous Melbourne
• Long term 40 year doubling persists
• Can’t imagine another doubling without significant change
• Question is more When that Whether
Across time-3
fuel pipelines haven’t halted truck traffic in inner west
The ascendancy of the motor car in Australia dates from the mid 1950s with
the arrival of General Motors Holden.
Traffic congestion dominates the city, but greater dependency in the bush.
A slow change from the mid naughties sees reduced enthusiasm young & old.
Across time-3
Across time-4
MMBW, PWD, VR, MMTB, SEC, Gas & Fuel
Across time-4
MMBW, PWD, VR, MMTB, SEC, Gas & Fuel
• Well established governmental agencies facilitated Melbourne’s post war boom
• Purposes and planning were transparent
• Market mythology about efficiencies encouraged corporatisation & privatisation
• Instead of pipeline, work broke into projects
• New millennium growth killed lead times
Across time-5
broad concrete aprons in otherwise surviving green belt
Across time-5Just one of those public institutions
survived almost intact: VicRoads
Long ago contract at their Kew railway HQ to design an intersection database showed key difference city v country.
While they cling to old reservations, VicRoads power to act has been eroded.
Apple v Micro$oftApple v IBM
Apple v GoogleApple v Samsung
Apple v TandyAcross time-6
Social media adds degrees of Freedom
Across time-6
Apple v Exxon
The car as expression of Freedom
Across time-7
Knowledge sharing defines humanity
• ‘Hunter-gatherers’ with fire & tools maintained knowledge in song lines
• Transition to agriculture & mnemonic monuments
• Accounting on clay tablets
• Writing on parchment
• Printing on paper/books
• Photography, film & sound
• Digital social hypermedia
Across time-8
Move into cities; exponential collapse
Exponential trends always end, but how? Towards linearity, asymptotic limit, collapse.
Movement into cities defines current era but leaves open question of best balance.Separately projecting current growth rates 50 years fits Melbourne’s long term trend.
Moving million of this growth city to country gives city 100%, country 120% on current.
Hypothesis• Melbourne struggling to catch
up lack of integrated planning• Of next population doubling,
divert million out of Melbourne• Rail can provide confidence in
service accessibility• Teens/twenties and old persons
most need service access• V/Line coaches not good with
mobility problems, bikes, etc.
Hypothesis-1
Struggle to catch up lack of planning
• Voluntary redundancy lost knowledge, talent
• Car honeymoon stops rail in its tracks
• Institutional breakup
• Miss congestion coming
• Hiding all ‘in the plan’
• Transport Integration Act’s 2010-14 hiatus
Hypothesis-2
Diverting growth via decentralisation
Hypothesis-2
Diverting growth via decentralisation
Population doubling must slow or stall, at least globally, but while we proclaim
‘liveability’, must plan at least one more.
1998-2013 growth projected 50 years with a million switched city to country
gives city doubling while country +120%
Hypothesis-3
Rail ups legibility, investor confidence
• Steel rails and operational platform say train will come
• Overcoming half century history of line closures
• Densification opportunities near just out of town stations
• Committing to ongoing roll out
• Local services on regional lines
• Seeing country as destination rather than dormitory
Hypothesis-4
Geelong’s reconciliation of station heritage with hosting NDIS
Hypothesis-4Individuals may not want their whole life
in peri-urban, regional or rural towns. Aim for even demographic, not ghettos.
Teens, twenties and older folk not well served without local service flexibility.
Decentralise travel options between such places to better avail education,
employment and care facilities.
Hypothesis-5
Buses cheap to deploy; miss diverse needs
Clearly, while bus services are proposed as alternatives to trains, the populace vote with their feet. Virtually everyone uses the trains but only a small proportion use the bus. This is a lesson in real life for transport planners, who pretend that a bus can realistically replace a train service. They do not!
Scott Ramsay Public Relations Manager
Rail Revival Alliance
In more than one sense, a step up from suburban buses, V/Line ‘coaches’ are generally a comfortable ride, but they…• ban on board food & drink
consumption like all buses• are difficult to climb on & off
for any with mobility issues• strongly discourage moving
around in transit• do not allow travelling with
bikes, pets, etc.
First steps
• What steps to achieve decentralisation?
• Timetabling for country as destination
• Putting future routes into planning scheme
• Local route refinement, gap filling
• Construction pipeline, long-term guarantee
• Southeast SA, Riverina, Eden-Monaro
First steps-i
Plan Melbourne refresh submission
• Submission deadline: 18 December
• Depth of Melbourne’s planning deficit
• Rail-led decentralisation can help
• Arbitrary boundaries don’t help plan
• Tonight seeking constructive feedback
• Must tick more than economic boxes
First steps-1
Turning sources back into destinations
First steps-1
Turning sources back into destinations
At PTV’s Regional Network Development Plan workshop, Castlemaine locals were as keen to get to Bendigo as Melbourne.
Current V/Line timetables designed to get country folk in & out of Melbourne, not attract tourists or frequent visitors.
First steps-2
PTV didn’t workshop visitors ex Melbourne
First steps-2
PTV didn’t workshop visitors ex Melbourne
Echuca Port station closure shows disregard for day tourist potential.
Getting back to suburbia from evening events in the regions not supported.V/Line initially reluctant about return
trains from Geelong home night games.Timetabling precludes many potential
day trip destinations.
First steps-3
Putting future routes into planning scheme
• Planning scheme overlays can alert to risk without blocking
• E.g. Special Building Overlay indicating 1 in 100 flood extent
• Bushfire Management Overlay added post Black Saturday
• Create Rail Corridor Overlay
• Jump start along every old line
• Guarantee trail network ongoing
First steps-4
Local route refinement, gap filling
• Allow time for wider input to resolve local alignment issues
• Add network gap filling routes
• Provide extra track capacity
• Move to more explicit zoning with appropriate lead times: • Public Use - Transport (PUZ4) • Public Acquisition Overlay
• Aim for no surprises and community consent
First steps-5
Construction pipeline, long-term guarantee
From community-supported network planPrioritisation process to pipeline roll outNo more politicised ‘project’ selection
Parallel pipeline for supply of rolling stockConfidence for industry capacity building
Supporting provision of other infrastructureGuarantee trains will be staying this time
First steps-6
Interstate but better connected to Victoria
First steps-6
Interstate but better connected to Victoria
Freight lines still operate into Riverina, SA neglect their SE, Mildura-Broken Hill
While equally linked to Victoria, Federal electorate Eden-Monaro is longer term.
V/Line operates to Batemans Bay 120km from NSW rail at Bomaderry & Canberra via Bombala terminal of old Cooma line
Thank you
Questions?