raft radar fence transponder mission completion review 6 may 08 bob bruninga, cdr usn (ret) midn 1/c...
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RAFTRAFTRadar Fence TransponderRadar Fence Transponder
Mission Completion Review 6 Mission Completion Review 6 May 08May 08
Bob Bruninga, CDR USN Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret)(ret)
MIDN 1/C David KoeppelMIDN 1/C David KoeppelMIDN 1/C Brent KolbMIDN 1/C Brent Kolb
MIDN 1/C Jeff RobesonMIDN 1/C Jeff RobesonMIDN 1/C Kyle VandegriffMIDN 1/C Kyle Vandegriff
22May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT KickoffRAFT Kickoff Apr 04 Apr 04 RAFT USNA SRRRAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 Sep 04 RAFT PDRRAFT PDR 19 Nov 0419 Nov 04
RAFT Phase 0/1 SafetyRAFT Phase 0/1 Safety 16 Dec 0416 Dec 04 RAFT Phase 2 SafetyRAFT Phase 2 Safety 10 Feb 0510 Feb 05
RAFT CDRRAFT CDR 23 Feb 0523 Feb 05• RAFT Flight Unit TestingRAFT Flight Unit Testing 26 Jan 0526 Jan 05• RAFT Phase 3 SafetyRAFT Phase 3 Safety 22 Feb 0622 Feb 06
RAFT Delivery/InstallRAFT Delivery/Install July 06 July 06 RAFT Flight (STS-116)RAFT Flight (STS-116) Dec 06 Dec 06 De-Orbit De-Orbit 30 May 0730 May 07
Key Milestones: ScheduleKey Milestones: Schedule
33May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Mission: So Many Mission: So Many CUBEsatsCUBEsats
30 to 50 in Construction30 to 50 in Construction
AIAA/USUSmall Sat Conference
30% of papers were for PICO, NANO and CUBEsats
All smaller than 10 cm
How to Track ???
44May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Mission StatementMission Statement To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a means to means to
determine the boundsdetermine the bounds of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable by the radar fenceby the radar fence
To enable NSSS to independently To enable NSSS to independently calibrate their transmit and receive beamscalibrate their transmit and receive beams
using signals from RAFT.using signals from RAFT.
This must be accomplished with This must be accomplished with two PicoSatstwo PicoSats, one that will actively transmit , one that will actively transmit and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.
Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental communications transponderscommunications transponders for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.
RAFT1 Education for 16 Astronautics Majors Senior projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle,
Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02)
66May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W)NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W)
Horizon to Horizon down only -6 dBHorizon to Horizon down only -6 dB
77May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
NSS Fan Beam N/SNSS Fan Beam N/S
Only 0.8 degrees North/SouthOnly 0.8 degrees North/South
99May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
XP-217 Radar Fence XP-217 Radar Fence TranspopnderTranspopnder
Design a very small receiver for the Design a very small receiver for the NSSS Radar suitable for a cubesatNSSS Radar suitable for a cubesat
Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear us.us.
Northeastern University
GSI Lumonics
1313May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Fail-Safe Reset TimerFail-Safe Reset Timer
Cold boots CPU if no TLM every minuteCold boots CPU if no TLM every minute
1414May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Simplified Power SystemSimplified Power System
Charge in Parallel
Transmit in Series
Duty cycle 4%
100 mA
100 mA
60 mA
Charge in Parallel and TX in series
1515May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT1 Network RAFT1 Network ArchitectureArchitecture
Global Volunteer Ground Station Network
Internet Linked for live Telemetry
1616May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT1 Mission RAFT1 Mission ArchitectureArchitecture
APRS Global Packet Radio Network
Internet Linked for live Communications
1717May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Space User BaselineSpace User Baseline
PCSAT validates our links
Vandegriff
SCIENCE
USNA-0203
APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06
See www.ariss.net
1818May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Military Affiliate Radio Military Affiliate Radio SystemSystem
The Mission of the MARS system is to:
Provide auxiliary communications for military, federal and local disaster management officials
Assist in effecting communications under emergency conditions.
Handle morale and quasi-official communications traffic for members of the Armed Forces and authorized U.S. Government civilian personnel
Provide routine operations in support of MARSGRAMS and … contacts between service personnel and their families back home home.
1919May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
MARScom Mission MARScom Mission ArchitectureArchitecture
Military Affiliate Radio System
2020May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Yard Patrol Craft Yard Patrol Craft ApplicationApplication
Unique UHF AM Uplink and HF SSB downlink
2222May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT1 and RAFT1 and MARScomMARScom
5” Cubes
3 Antennas Each
Identical Mechanical
2323May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT1 and RAFT1 and MARScomMARScom
5” Cubes
3 Antennas Each
Identical Mechanical
2424May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFTRAFTDeploymeDeploymentnt
Velocity of pair:
1.8 m/s
Velocity of RAFT:
2.6 m/s
Velocity of MARScom:
1.2 m/s
Was 1.5, 1.3 & 1.8
2727May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Raft1 Electronics Raft1 Electronics SystemsSystems
TNC Interface Brd
2828May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Raft1 Electronics Raft1 Electronics SystemsSystems
Transmitter Receiver and XP-217
2929May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT1 RAFT1 InternaInternal l DiagraDiagramm
TopTopViewView
Ant pocket& Sep SW
3030May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
MARS Panels and MARS Panels and BoardsBoards
Batteries and TX-Interface board
RCVR
TNC
3333May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
GSE Side Panel GSE Side Panel
GSE portWindup port
COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel
Covered with Clear Teflon Coating
1.5 Watt panel
Mechanically rugged for rain/hail/birds
PCsat Flight Heritage
3434May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Top PanelTop Panel
VHF Antenna holes
HF whip hole
Pockets for other satellite antennas and Sep Switch
3737May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT Lifetime RAFT Lifetime EstimateEstimate
6.5 Months
2.5 Mo
3939May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFTRAFTAntennaAntennaSeparationSeparationMechanismsMechanisms
4444May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
ANDE/RAFTANDE/RAFT - USNA - USNA
Pre-Launch Intgration and PrepPre-Launch Intgration and Prep
4545May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFTRAFTmicrogravity microgravity
Separation TestSeparation Test
March 30March 30thth – April 8 – April 8thth
(“Test of Opportunity”)(“Test of Opportunity”)Robeson
4949May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
SequenceSequence We suspect a stuck antenna.We suspect a stuck antenna.
Maybe one of the four Maybe one of the four antennas, after being antennas, after being compressed in the pre-launch compressed in the pre-launch configuration for maybe 6 configuration for maybe 6 months prior to launch against months prior to launch against the bottom of the antenna the bottom of the antenna sleeve, may have embedded sleeve, may have embedded itself into the Scotch 2216 itself into the Scotch 2216 Epoxy.Epoxy.
At the instant of final At the instant of final separation, that momentary separation, that momentary impulse for the “stuck antenna impulse for the “stuck antenna tip to release” imparted torques tip to release” imparted torques on the spacecraft.on the spacecraft.
Marscom ended up at almost 80 Marscom ended up at almost 80 RPM and RAFT at about 40 RPMRPM and RAFT at about 40 RPM
… Play Video …
5151May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Magnetic StabilizationMagnetic Stabilization Vertical Vertical
North/SouthNorth/South
Horizontal Horizontal East/WestEast/West
5252May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Ops Normal TelemetryOps Normal Telemetry
This image shows 7.3 Volt BusThis image shows 7.3 Volt Bus A cool .2 C temperatureA cool .2 C temperature No solar current (during eclipse)No solar current (during eclipse)
5353May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
COTS Solar Panel PerformanceCOTS Solar Panel Performance
• Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage)Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage)• Cost 2% of triple junction. Cost 2% of triple junction. • Provide 50% of the performanceProvide 50% of the performance• Degrade twice as fast (50% of life)Degrade twice as fast (50% of life)• 26 attitude configurations for cube satellite26 attitude configurations for cube satellite
6 for one side (power factor of 1)6 for one side (power factor of 1) 12 for one edge (power factor of 1.4)12 for one edge (power factor of 1.4) 8 for on corner (power factor of 1.7)8 for on corner (power factor of 1.7)
• AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: (assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4(assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4
5454May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Solar Panel PerformanceSolar Panel Performance
Electrical Current on Raft
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time(sec)
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
Current(3/12/2007)
Current(3/26/2007)
Specified Current PerPanel On Orbit (1.0)
Average Current Expected(1.4)
Average Current of Cubicsatellite (raft) on orbit
Maximum Expected Current(1.7)
•CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedoadded current from albedo
5858May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Raft Oscillator detectionRaft Oscillator detection
DK3WN commanding
5959May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Radar Fence Doppler PlotRadar Fence Doppler Plot
PE1ITR PE1ITR datadata
6060May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Difficulty of RADAR Ops Difficulty of RADAR Ops from USNAfrom USNA
Link budget required 10 degree elevationLink budget required 10 degree elevation This limited range to USNAThis limited range to USNA There was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNAThere was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNA We were dependent on volunteer ground stations for dataWe were dependent on volunteer ground stations for data
6161May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
UC – Irvine DetectionUC – Irvine Detection Low Horizon pass for FenceLow Horizon pass for Fence Low horizon pass for UC-IrvineLow horizon pass for UC-Irvine 3 days before re-entry!3 days before re-entry!
6262May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
SPASUR Fence DetectionSPASUR Fence Detection RAFT designed to detect the Fence RAFT designed to detect the Fence Report radar Doppler and fence crossing to groundReport radar Doppler and fence crossing to ground
6363May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
marscom
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
radial
In track
Cross track
raft
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
radial
In track
Cross Track
SPASUR Tracking Data on MARScom (augmented for 217 MHz)
SPASUR Tracking Data on RAFT (not augmented)
1.2 RMS
RMS 2.5
50% Improvement with Marscom Passive
Augmentation
6464May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
Space User BaselineSpace User Baseline
PCSAT validates our links
Vandegriff
SCIENCE
USNA-0203
APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06
See www.ariss.net
RAFT User OperationsRAFT User Operations
6565May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT User OperationsRAFT User Operations Joint Operations with ARISS,PCSAT-1 Joint Operations with ARISS,PCSAT-1 1-19 Jan1-19 Jan
Conjunctions with ANDE
10 Feb
7 Mar
26 Mar
11 Apr
25 Apr
5 May
6666May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT Synergy with Other RAFT Synergy with Other UniversitiesUniversities
USA Schools USA Schools • Auburn, Colorado, Cornell, DartmouthAuburn, Colorado, Cornell, Dartmouth• DelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-IrvineDelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-Irvine• Louisiana, Minnessota, MIT, MontanaLouisiana, Minnessota, MIT, Montana• NotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGSNotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGS• Princeton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGAPrinceton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGA
Other SchoolsOther Schools• S.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, PortugalS.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal• UK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZUK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZ• Mongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, ThailandMongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, Thailand
6767May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT Synergy with RAFT Synergy with Amateur Satellite ServiceAmateur Satellite Service
Volunteer Antenna ModelersVolunteer Antenna Modelers Volunteer Ground stationsVolunteer Ground stations
• Oregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, GermanyOregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, Germany• Japan, Australia, New ZealandJapan, Australia, New Zealand• South Africa, AntarcticaSouth Africa, Antarctica
Volunteer Command StationsVolunteer Command Stations Volunteer re-entry trackingVolunteer re-entry tracking Volunteer Science downlink stationsVolunteer Science downlink stations
6868May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30,000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues.
Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT.
Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments.Experiments.
7070May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
RAFT Presentations/PapersRAFT Presentations/Papers
AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf (alternate)(alternate)
AMSAT Symposium 2004,5,6,7AMSAT Symposium 2004,5,6,7 AMSAT-DC annual meetingsAMSAT-DC annual meetings USNA Satellite LabsUSNA Satellite Labs
• Comm LabsComm Labs• Comm labsComm labs• Tracking labsTracking labs• Operations LabsOperations Labs
7171May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary
De-Orbit Telemetry De-Orbit Telemetry
De-orbit Telemetry AwardDe-orbit Telemetry Award For collecting Telemetry and dataFor collecting Telemetry and data
We actually did not get the Award prepared until
it was time for ANDE Deorbit, but it was mostly all of the same stations…
http://www.ande-deorbit.com
RAFT Mission Summary
ICSat (USNA-0201)ICSat (USNA-0201)
ObjectivesObjectives Educate First Class MidshipmenEducate First Class Midshipmen in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace
Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and spacecraft testing.spacecraft testing.
Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
RAFT Mission Summary
ICSat Block DiagramICSat Block Diagram
Inside ICSat Enclosure
Outside ICSat Enclosure
Other Locations
MiteqAMF-4F-01000200-12-10P
1-2GHz, 60db Gain, 1.2db NF
MiteqAMF-3B-020040-20-30P
2-4GHz, 35db Gain, +30dbm max out
Mini-CircuitsZFRSC-42
-6.5db per port
Mini-CircuitsZJL-3G
0.2-3GHz, 14-19db Gain
Receiver
Low NoiseAmplifier Transmitter
D/AConverter
Demod-ulator
Modulator
Combiner
Splitter
Low NoiseAmplifier
Low NoiseAmplifier
PowerAmplifier
PowerAmplifier
ComBlock3003-A
ComBlock1001
2202.26MHz
1767.00MHz
ComBlock4001
-8dbm max
ComBlock2001
ComBlock1002
Signal/PowerConditioning
Control and Datato/from Computer
RX antenna 1
RX antenna 2
TX antenna 1
TX antenna 2
+5V300ma
+5V250ma
+15V230ma each
+5V650ma
+5V120ma
+5V300ma
+12V50ma
+15V950ma each
+5V140ma
ComBlock5101
Mini-CircuitsZFSC-2-2500.01-2.5GHz
(+3-1.5db) gain
RAFT Mission Summary
ICSat (USNA-0201)ICSat (USNA-0201)
ResultsResults
Educate First Class Midshipmen:Educate First Class Midshipmen:
----This objective was fully achieved.This objective was fully achieved. Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked on the development of the MidSTAR-1 satellite and were required to take the on the development of the MidSTAR-1 satellite and were required to take the interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their design activities.design activities.
Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)-- -- This objective was not achieved.This objective was not achieved. The experiment failed during integration with The experiment failed during integration with insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment was flown "as is." No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit.was flown "as is." No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit.