Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Radnor House 6th Form

Research and Study Skills 23rd June 2014

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Purpose

• To Support Independent study, research and essay writing in 6th form

We will cover:• What is effective research and how to

support you in that transition• Skills and Knowledge Required• Tools Available

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

3 Key Requirements

1. COPYRIGHT 2. PLAGIARISM &3. CITATION

• Start with 3 Key requirements you need to know about use of material before you start independent study, research and essay writing:

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

1. Copyright - what is it?• Copyright is legal protection for an author/creator, it

restricts the copying of an original work they have created.

• As soon as an idea is given physical form, e.g. a piece of writing, a photograph, music, a film, a web page, Computer Programs, Databases, art work, it is protected by copyright.

• Copyright of written, dramatic and musical works lasts for 70 years after the death of an author/creator

• Radnor House has copyright licenses to allow students and teachers to copy some resources:

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Copyright - what is it?• What can I legally photocopy for personal use?• You can copy a 'fair' amount for your own private study,

research or critical review. Photocopying is restricted to whichever is the greater of:

• Up to 5% or one chapter of a book or one article from a single issue journal

• Up to 5% or one paper of one set of conference proceedings

• Up to 5% of an anthology or one short story or one poem of not more than 10 pages

• up to 5% or one case of one report of judicial proceedings

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Copyright - what is it?

Generally you can download and/ or print individual items for personal use.

Do not download works in their entirety or systematically, for example an entire journal issue.

Music, films and sound recording are NOT covered by ‘fair’ copying. So always look for permission.

The Creative Commons symbol helps identify sites that allow legal sharing.

(Taken from University of Leicester – copyright basics) http://www2.le.ac.uk/library/services/copyright/copyright-basics

What can I legally download and/or print from the Internet for personal use?

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Creative Commons – What is it?• Most of what is sourced on the Internet cannot

be ‘legally’ reused. It is protected by Copy Right Law

• Copyright is automatic and does not have to be applied for

• If you use information without consent you are infringing copyright law.

• If you are allowed to use internet information this is shown by Creative Commons Licence:

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Creative Commons – What is it?Four Elements = 6 Licences1. Attribution: Share, Use or Re-mix but credit!2. No Derivatives: Share, Reuse but do not

change & credit3. Non Commercial: Share, Re-mix, but cannot

make profit4. Share Alike: If you use, remix and share it has

to be licenced under the same terms.Refer to 1 pager & Powerpoint on Schoology for more details

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Plagiarism – What is it?• Plagiarism is the act of taking another person's writing,

conversation, song, or even idea and passing it off as your own. This includes information from web pages, books, songs, television shows, email messages, interviews, articles, artworks or any other medium.

• Whenever you paraphrase, summarize, or take words, phrases, or sentences from another person's work, it is necessary to indicate the source of the information within your paper using an internal citation.

• It is not enough to just list the source in a bibliography at the end of your paper. Failing to properly quote, cite or acknowledge someone else's words or ideas with an internal citation is plagiarism.

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Plagiarism – What is it?According to the Merriam-Webster OnLine Dictionary, to “plagiarize” means• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as

one's own • to use (another's production) without crediting the source• to commit literary theft • to present as new and original an idea or product derived

from an existing source. • In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves

both stealing someone else’s work and lying about it afterward.

• Taken from: (http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism)

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Plagiarism – What is it?

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERED PLAGIARISM:• turning in someone else's work as your own• copying words or ideas from someone else without giving

credit• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks• giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a

source without giving credit• copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes

up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not)• Taken from: (http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism)

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Plagiarism – What is it?• Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing

sources. • Simply acknowledging that certain material has been

borrowed and providing your audience with the information necessary to find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.

• Changing the words of an original source is not sufficient to prevent plagiarism. If you have retained the essential idea of an original source, and have not cited it, then no matter how drastically you may have altered its context or presentation, you have still plagiarized.

• See section on citation for more information on how to cite sources properly.

• (taken from Plariarism.org – what is plagiarism)

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Citation – What is it?A "Citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including• Information about the author:• The title of the work• The name and location of the company that published

your copy of the source• The date your copy was published• The page numbers of the material you are borrowingSourced: http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/whats-a-citation & Manchester Universtiy Referencing not Plagiarising

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Citation – What is it?

• WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?• Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to

acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation:

• Whenever you use quotes • Whenever you paraphrase • Whenever you use an idea that someone else has already

expressed • Whenever you make specific reference to the work of another • Whenever someone else’s work has been critical in

developing your own ideas. Sourced: http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/whats-a-citation & Manchester Universtiy Referencing not Plagiarising

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Citation – What is it?A Citation is a reference that appears in the text; for example:• In their study of bird migration strategies Smith et al. (2009) found that...A Reference is all the information that readers will need to find your source:• Smith, B. 2008. How Birds Migrate. Journal of Animal Behaviour, 34(4), p. 56-60.Reference list v Bibliography• A reference list is a list of all the references that appear in the text.• A bibliography is a list of all the sources you read - regardless of whether they are cited in the

text.Where should a citation appear in a sentence? • The citation should be located as close to the source material as possible; for example, if you

start a paragraph with some paraphrased material, the citation should come at the end of the material, not at the end of the paragraph.

When should I use direct quotations? • Use direct quotations sparingly, and only when the exact wording is necessary to illustrate a

point. You need to be able to interpret and summarise and paraphrase the literature, not just copy out large chunks of it.

• Refer to Document on Schoology – ‘Citation – What is it’ for more detailsSourced: http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/whats-a-citation & Manchester Universtiy Referencing not Plagiarising

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

Citation – What StyleWhenever you use sources such as books, journals, or Web sites in your research papers you must give credit to the original author by properly citing the sources. Citations also help your reader find the sources again. There are a number of different citation styles, depending on the discipline in which you are working.

Common Citation Styles to cite types of sources in APA, MLA, CSE, and Chicago styles.• APA Style (Social Sciences)

• APA In-text

• CSE Style (Sciences)

• MLA Style (Humanities)

• Chicago Style (History)

All Available in online program: Easybib

Refer to Document on Schoology – ‘Citation – What is it’ for more detailsSourced:https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/researchguides/citationstyles.html

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS

• Research Plan using 6 points1. Planning: What is my Current Task – What Questions do I need to

Answer2. Finding Information: What are all the possible sources to check,

What are the best sources3. Selecting Information: Where can I find these sources. Where can

I find the information in the source.4. Organising & Recording: Record relevant information and sources:

Evernote and Pearltrees – Note all sources for citation!5. Managing & Sharing information: How will information be

organised. How will it be presented.6. Evaluation: Did I achieve what was required. Were all research

stages effective

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

EVALUATING SOURCES

Who wrote

it?

How can I

use it?

Why did they

write it?

Where did they write it?

When did they

write it?

At what level is it written?

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS

Various Research Facilities.• WWW: What are the recognised academic and

accurate websites to use - Google Scholar, BBC, How to evaluate the sources

• School subscriptions Online and Printed• School Library & LMS• Public Library online subscriptions and printed

resources• Academic Journals, Data Bases

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS

Alternatives to Google:1. GOOGLE SCHOLAR http://scholar.google.co.uk/• Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search

for scholarly literature. • From one place, you can search across many disciplines

and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites.

• Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research.

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS

2. MICROSOFT ACADEMIC RESEARCHhttp://academic.research.microsoft.com/• Microsoft Academic Search is an experimental research

service developed by Microsoft Research to explore how scholars, scientists, students, and practitioners find academic content, researchers, institutions, and activities.

• Microsoft Academic Search indexes not only millions of academic publications, it also displays the key relationships between and among subjects, content, and authors, highlighting the critical links that help define scientific research.

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS• 3. WOLFRAM ALPHAhttp://www.wolframalpha.com/ http://www.wolframalpha.com/examples/Wolfram|Alpha is an engine for computing answers and providing knowledge.

• It works by using its vast store of expert-level knowledge and algorithms to automatically answer questions, do analysis, and generate reports. It includes advanced science maths and statistic functions.

• WOLFRAM|ALPHA uses built-in knowledge curated by human experts to compute on the fly aspecific answer and analysis for every query.

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS4. COPAC http://copac.ac.uk/search/

• Copac exposes rare and unique research material by bringing together the catalogues of c.90 major UK and Irish libraries (and growing). In a single search you can discover the holdings of the UK’s national libraries (including the British Library), many University libraries, and specialist research libraries.

• Researchers and educators use Copac to save time in their research, to

quickly and easily discover and locate resources, to check document details, review materials in their field, and assess the rarity of materials etc. Information professionals trust Copac to give them access to a unique pool of high-quality bibliographic information.

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLSNarrow Down The Search! Quick Tips

“” Quotation Marks: use to search for exact word or set of words- Dashes - Put a dash before a word that you want to Exclude in your searchSite: : use site: to search within a specific website~ Use a tilde before a term to include its results with its synonymsLink: Use to search for sites that link to the specified site URL.. Use two periods between two numbers to express range of things link date, measurement and pricesRelated: Use related to find sites that are related to that specific site

Advanced search

Refine your search (by date or publication, type of source,

author, place of publication, search within title/abstract/full

text etc.)

Keywords

AND (+)OR

NOT (-)

Expand or narrow your search using

these Boolean Operators

Alternatives (spellings,

phrases, words)

“ “*/

$/?

“ “ - search for an exact phrase

*/$/? wildcards - search for a stem and variant endings

Record your

search history

Using e-Resources – hints and tips

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study SkillsSlide :Berkhamsted School

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills

RESEARCH TOOLS

• Radnor House has subscribed to a fantastic array of online resources:

• These are all available on Schoology under:• Group – Library– Resources:

• All information from today will be available on the Transition Day folder in Library Resources

• Presentation on Resources available now

Radnor House 6th Form Research and Study Skills