Radiotheraphy and Nuclear

Medicine Applications in Turkey

Prof. Dr. Osman EROGUL

erogul@etu.edu.tr

Phone: +90 312 2924053

TOBB University of Economics & Technology

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Ankara-TURKEY

Thanks for your invitation!!

Outline

Introduction

About Turkey

TAEK (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)

Medical Institutions & Devices

TAC (Turkish Accelerator Center) Project

R&D potential

Facilities

Ongoing Projects

Medical Studies

TOBB The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey

Conclusion

Turkey

Republic of Turkey

Foundation: October 29th 1923

Capital: Ankara

Total Area: 783,562 km2

Population: ~81 million

source: TUIK

TAEK (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)

TAEK is the national authority responsible for licensing and

inspection, R&D and training activities in nuclear energy and

technology.

TAEK undertakes R&D activites by research centers in

collaboration with universities and industry.

CERN activities are coordinated and funded by TAEK since 2006.

Turkey is an associated member of CERN since 6 May 2015.

Turkey is the founding member of SESAME (Synchrotron-Light for

Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) and

activities in Turkey are coordinated and funded by TAEK.

Turkey: Medical Institutions

Inpatient medical institutions: 1510 (217771 beds)

Universities: 69 (37707 beds)

Private: 565 (47143 beds)

Attached to the Ministry of Health: 876 (132921 beds)

Outpatient medical institutions: 31470

Ongoing City Hospitals Project: 25 Hospitals

source: Ministry of health in Turkey, 2016

Medical and Industrial Accelerators

TAC (Turkish Accelarator Center) Project

TAEK’s 30 MeV Proton Cyclotron Facility for medical radio-isotopes

235 medical linacs for radiotheraphy

17 baby-cyclotrons to produce (18F) FDG and other radioisotopes

3 electron accelerators for experimental and industrial purposes

In addition, there are many diagnostic, radiology, radiography and irradiation units for

medical and industrial applications in Turkey:

Diagnostic and interventional radiology units in medicine : 16233

Diagnostic radiology units in dentistry : 12385

Devices in nuclear medicine laboratories using radioactive sources : 554

X-ray devices for package control : 4802

Vehicle screening devices for security purposes : 55

Industrial radiography/radioscopy units : 760

Irradiation facilities of food and medical devices : 5

Source: TAEK’s Annual Report (2017)

Diagnostic and interventional radiology units

Diagnostic and interventional radiology units in medicine: 16233

Graphy/Scopy: 11105

Angiography: 658

Computerized Tomography: 1668

Mammography: 1603

Bone density measurement: 1113

Microfilm: 86

Source: TAEK’s Annual Report (2017)

Medical Devices

Linear accelerators: 235

Co-60 Teletherapy: 7

Brachytherapy: 73

Cyber knife: 13

Gamma knife: 13

Tomotherapy: 19

Spect: 370

Spect-CT: 59

PET: 3

PET-CT:150

PET-MR: 4

Source: TAEK

Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) Project

Mission of TAC

To design, construct and use of high energy particle accelerators for scientific

research and technological development in basic and applied sciences in

Turkey and the region.

To form a national accelerator community and a national industrial

production base in accelerator technologies.

To collaborate with international accelerator community.

http://thm.ankara.edu.tr

Contact PersonProf. Dr. Ömer YAVAŞ

yavas@ankara.edu.tr

omer.yavas@cern.ch

+90 312 203 3457

+90 312 485 1377/ 5003

Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC)

First Facility of TAC: TARLA

TARLA is a superconducting electron accelerator based infrared Free Electron

Laser (FEL) and Bremsstarhlung facility that is under construction with the

coordination of Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University in

Gölbaşı, Ankara

http://tarla.org.tr

First Facility of TAC: TARLA

Infrared FEL & Brems. Facility (TARLA)

TARLA will be ready with FEL in 2021

First beam from DC e-Gun!

April 11, 2013

e-beam energy : up to max. 40 MeV

IR FEL wavelength : 5-400 microns

Energy of Brems. : up to 30 MeV

Research Potential of TARLA

Superconducting

accelerator based

electron beam0 - 40 MeV ,

0-1 (1.5) mA

40 (60) kW

cw / pulsed

Free Electron LaserCoherent IR Radiation (3-250 µm)

• Material, (bio)physics, (bio)chemistry,

medical..

Polarized Bremmstrahlung (0-30 MeV)• Nuclear Physics, Astrophysics, Radiation hardness

• Gamma induced positron spectroscopyRadiator Foil (Al,Nb)

Direct UseElectron Beam (0-40 MeV)• Radyobiolgy, Detector study, Thomson scattering

• Electron difraction, plasma studies

Mono Chromatic Positron (10-300 keV)

• Semiconductors, material, …W Moderator

Crystal Channeling &

Compton Back

Scattering

Quasi Monochromatic X-ray (10-100 keV)

• Radiation physics, Radiobiology..

Lead TargetNeutron Source (0-30 MeV)

• Fission, material, nuclear physics

Bending MagnetTHz Radiation (0.1-3 THz)

• Material research, detector study…

TARLA

“Green field” campus view of TAC

TAC SR Facility

TAC SASE FEL Facility

TAC PAF Facility

Other Buildings:

Institutes, User offices,

Workshops, Library,

Guesthouse etc.

Linac on Ring PF (optional)

TARLA

50 m

International MoUs in Frame of TAC

Memorandum of Understandings between TAC (Turkey) and

DESY, Germany (1996) IHEP-BEPC, China (2011)

CERN CLIC CTF3, Switzerland (2004) European XFEL, Germany (2012)

BESSY-II, Germany (2007) ESS, Sweden (2013)

HZDR, Germany (2007) INFN, Italy (2013)

The Cockcroft Institute, UK (2011)

JAPAN

iFEL, JAERI, KEK

ENGLAND

Cockcroft Inst. USA

ANL, JLab

CHINA

IHEP, BESIII

RUSSIA

BINP

SWITZERLAND

CERN

ITALY

INFN

GERMANY

DESY, FZB-BESSY,

FZDR, European XFEL

JORDAN

SESAMESWEDEN

ESS

TURKEY

TAC

> 400 scientific visits to these centers

TAEK Proton Accelerator Facility

Opening ceremony: May 29, 2012

• The machine

- 15-30 MeV proton cyclotron (Cyclon 30, IBA)

• Main objectives:

- Production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals (I-123, In-111,

Ga-67, Tl-201 and F-18) and quality control.

- R&D activities on nuclear physics, material science, neutron

activation, irradiation tests, industrial applications.

- Education and training.

• Facility Location:

- SANAEM-TAEK, Ankara

SPECT Related Studies at Northern Cyprus

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dilber Uzun Ozsahin

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ilker Ozsahin

dilber.uzunozsahin@neu.edu.tr

ilker.ozsahin@neu.edu.tr

Department of Engineering,

Biomedical Engineering,

Near East University

North Cyprus

DynamicCardiac-SPECT (DC-SPECT) System:

Design Concept

Specifications:

• Detectors with high IDR (< 2 mm) pixelated by

LIOB technique

• One pinhole collimator per detector module (no

projection overlap). Pinhole diameter: <3 mm

• Large area detector coverage:

• Transaxial: 13-15 detector modules

• Axial: 3-4 modules

• Large number of projections: >36

• Stationary imaging

• Large patient population

• FOV: 18 cm diameter sphere

CsI:TI 10 mm

3 mm hole

70 mm

70 mm

Collimator

Motivation: Develop a cardiac dedicated SPECT system

with higher performance than existing systems cost-

effectively.

DynamicCardiac-SPECT (DC-SPECT) System:

Design Concept

35x45 cm2

Three designs for DC-SPECT platform:

DC-SPECT-1:

• Circular gantry (conventional version)

• 20 cm heart-collimator distance

• 45 detector modules

DC-SPECT-2:

• Circular gantry (skinny people)

• 15 cm heart-collimator distance (according to NEMA standard)

• 36 detector modules

DC-SPECT-3:

• Body-contouring geometry

• 45 detector module

• Heart-collimator distance is different for each module

• 35x45 cm2 torso

DC-SPECT-3 Design:

Stationary Small Animal (SSA)-SPECT System

•High intrinsic resolution: 0.4 mm x

0.4 mm pixel pitch

•Crystal thickness: 5 mm

•Magnification:0.76

•Pinhole diameter:0.3

•One pinhole collimator per detector

module (no projection overlap)

Large number of projections:42

Large area detector coverage:

•Transaxial:14

•Axial: 3 modules

•Stationary imaging

0.4mm

0.4 mm

Array of 58 x 58

individual pixel

5 mm

0.3 mm

17.4 mm

Detector

Collimator19 mm

Awake Animal Functional Imaging to Investigate

the Effects of General Anesthesia on BrainIn Collaborations with Harvard Medical School and

Massachusetts General Hospital

MicroPET Scanner

• Detector diameter 26 cm

• Effective opening (bore) 22 cm

• Transaxial active Field of View 19 cm

• Axial Field of View 7.6 cm

• Number of detector blocks 168

• Pixel element size1.5x1.5x10mm3

• Total number of LSO elements 24,192

• Absolute system sensitivity ≥4.0%

• Resolution at center of FOV ≤1.4 mm

Restraint System

•rat bag

•plastic mask with a bite-bar

•nose pressed down onto the bar with a soft

restraint

•put into a tube which immobilizes the animal via

constraint of the mask equipped with shoulder bars

Animal Imaging Research, Holden, MA, USA

Asociate Membership to CERN and Participation to

CERN Projects

Source: http://www.taek.gov.tr/egitim-arastirma/cern-tr.html

CERN

PROJECTS

Turkey was observer to CERN since 1961 and became associated member in May 6, 2015

More than 200 scientists from

~ 40 Universities are collaborating

with 9 different CERN projects

TOBB Industrial Liaison Office (ILO) @ CERN

Established in June 2015 by the Union of Chambers and Commodity

Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB)

Turkish companies in following sectors are dealing with CERN tenders (1200 hi-tech companies are registered in ILO database)

Electrical engineering and magnets

Electronics and radio frequency

Information technology

Mechanical engineering and raw materials

Vacuum and low temperature

Particle and photon detectors

Optics and photonics

Gases, chemicals, waste collection and radiation equipment

Health, safety and environment

Transport, handling and vehicles

Civil engineering, building and technical services

Office supply, furniture, communication and training

Since 2015 (associate

membership),

Turkish Companies

applied for ~200

tenders of CERN and

they won ~20 of them.

www.tobb.org.tr/cern

ILO representative: Hakan Kızıltoprak, hakan.kiziltoprak@cern.ch

The Union of Chambers and Commodity

Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB)

The umbrella organization of the Turkish private sector

1.5 million members

85% of National Income

77% of Investments

100% of Exports

Conclusions

- Turkish industry has good potential to develope and production of acceletor based

medical systems for national and international demands.

- Ministry of Industry and Technology, Scientific and Technological Research Council of

Turkey (TUBITAK) and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK) are funding agencies

for accelerator based projects, applications and international collaborations.

- Turkish universities, institutes and industry are ready to collaborate with not only

European countries but also other countries on national and international projects and

on EU Programmes.

- It is recommended to keep in touch with Turkish Societies related with medicine such

as: Molecular Biology Association of Turkey, Turkish Biochemical Society, Turkish

Cancer Society, Turkish Society of Medical Oncology, Turkish Society for Radiation

Oncology, Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine etc.

Medical Applications in CERN Presentation

Thanks for your attention!!