radiological signs (shënja radiologjike )-4
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Sllavko K. Kallfa
Radiological Signs
Shnja Radiologjike)
Prmbledhje Artikujsh nga
Radiopaedia.org
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poultry and fowl
X-ray signs
o beak sign........................................f.3
o beak sign of sigmoid volvulusf.4
o bird-beak sign................................f.6
o eggshell calcification......................f.20
o gull wing appearance.....................f.28
o hummingbird sign.........................f.36
o sitting duck appearance................f.42
o swan neck deformity.....................f.43
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/beak-sign-of-arterial-dissectionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/eggshell-calcificationhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/gull-wing-appearancehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/hummingbird-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sitting-duck-appearance-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/swan-neck-deformityhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/swan-neck-deformityhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sitting-duck-appearance-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hummingbird-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/gull-wing-appearancehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/eggshell-calcificationhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/bird-beak-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/beak-sign-of-arterial-dissection -
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Beak sign of arterial dissection
Dr Jeremy JonesandDr Yale Rosenet al.
The beak signofarterial dissectionrepresents a wedge of haematoma at the distal end of thefalse lumen. It is here that false lumen propagation is occurring. It manifest as an acute anglebetween the dissection flap and the outer wall. It may be filled with contrast enhanced blood
(high attenuation) or thrombus (low attenuation)
References
1. LePage MA, Quint LE, Sonnad SS et-al. Aortic dissection: CT features that distinguish
true lumen from false lumen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177 (1): 207-11.AJR Am JRoentgenol (full text)[pubmed citation]
http://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/yrosenhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/yrosenhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/yrosenhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/arterial-dissectionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/arterial-dissectionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/arterial-dissectionhttp://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11418429http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11418429http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11418429http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11418429http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/177/1/207http://radiopaedia.org/articles/arterial-dissectionhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/yrosenhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermy -
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Sigmoid volvulus
Dr Henry KnipeandDr Jeremy Joneset al.
Sigmoid volvulusis a cause oflarge bowel obstructionand occurs when thesigmoid colontortes on thesigmoid mesocolon.
Epidemiology
Large bowel volvulus accounts for ~5% of all large bowel obstructions, with ~60% ofintestinal
volvulusinvolving thesigmoid colon6. It is more common in the elderly
7.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms are that of a large bowel obstruction - constipation, abdominal bloating, nausea and/or
vomiting. Onset may be acute or chronic.
Pathology
Aetiology
There is a wide range of causes, some are region-specific5:
chronic constipation and/or laxative abuse
fibre-rich diet (especially in Africa)
Chagas disease(especially in South America)
Associations
chronic neurological conditions (e.g.Parkinson disease,multiple sclerosis,pseudobulbarpalsy)
chronic psychiatric conditions (e.g. chronic schizophrenia)
Radiographic features
Sigmoid volvulus is differentiated from acaecal volvulusby its ahaustral wall and the lower end
pointing topelvis.
Plain film
Abdominal radiographs will demonstrated a large, dilated loop of colon, often with a fewair-
fluid levels.Specific signs include:
coffee bean sign5
Frimann Dahl's sign- three dense lines converge towards site of obstruction
absent rectal gas5
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-mesocolonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-mesocolonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-mesocolonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chagas-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chagas-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/parkinsons-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/parkinsons-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/parkinsons-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-sclerosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-sclerosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-sclerosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelvis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelvis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelvis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/coffee-bean-sign-3http://radiopaedia.org/articles/coffee-bean-sign-3http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=frimann-dahl-s-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=frimann-dahl-s-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=frimann-dahl-s-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/coffee-bean-sign-3http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=air-fluid-levelhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pelvis-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudobulbar-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-sclerosishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/parkinsons-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/chagas-diseasehttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-mesocolonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-colonhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe -
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Fluoroscopy
Although now uncommonly performed, a water soluble contrast enema exquisitely demonstratesthis condition, with the appearances described as the bird of prey sign.
CT
large gas-filled loop withouthaustral markings,forming aclosed-loop obstruction6, 7
whirl sign- twisting of the mesentery and mesenteric vessels
beak sign- if rectal contrast has been administered6
Treatment and prognosis
Rectal tube insertion is successful in successful in treating 90% of cases5. Mortality rate is 20-
25%7. The most serious complication isbowel ischaemia.
Differential diagnosis
large bowel obstructionfrom other causes
caecal volvulus
colonic pseudo-obstruction
References
1. Janzen DL, Heap SW. Organo-axial volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Australas Radiol.
1992;36 (4): 332-3. -Pubmed citation
2. Catalano O. Computed tomographic appearance of sigmoid volvulus. Abdom Imaging.
21 (4): 314-7.Abdom Imaging (link)-Pubmed citation 3. Levsky JM, Den EI, Dubrow RA et-al. CT findings of sigmoid volvulus. AJR Am J
Roentgenol. 2010;194 (1): 136-43.doi:10.2214/AJR.09.2580-Pubmed citation
4. Burrell HC, Baker DM, Wardrop P et-al. Significant plain film findings in sigmoid
volvulus. Clin Radiol. 1994;49 (5): 317-9. -Pubmed citation
5. Salati U, Mcneill G, Torreggiani WC. The coffee bean sign in sigmoid volvulus.
Radiology. 2011;258 (2): 651-2.doi:10.1148/radiol.101882-Pubmed citation
6. Vandendries C, Julls MC, Boulay-Coletta I et-al. Diagnosis of colonic volvulus:
findings on multidetector CT with three-dimensional reconstructions. Br J Radiol.
2010;83 (995): 983-90.doi:10.1259/bjr/35714052-Free text at pubmed-Pubmed
citation
7. Brant WE, Helms CA. Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins. (2007) ISBN:0781761352.Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Sigmoid colon volvulus
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haustral-markingshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/haustral-markingshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/haustral-markingshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/closed-loop-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/closed-loop-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/closed-loop-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/whirlpool-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/whirlpool-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=beak-sign-of-sigmoid-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=beak-sign-of-sigmoid-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-ischaemiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-ischaemiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-ischaemiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/colonic-pseudoobstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/colonic-pseudoobstructionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1299196http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1299196http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1299196http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00261/bibs/21n4p314.htmlhttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00261/bibs/21n4p314.htmlhttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00261/bibs/21n4p314.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661573http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661573http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661573http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2580http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2580http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2580http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20028915http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20028915http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20028915http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8013194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8013194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8013194http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.101882http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.101882http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.101882http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273530http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273530http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273530http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/35714052http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/35714052http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/35714052http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473716http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473716http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473716http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781761352http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781761352http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781761352http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781761352http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781761352http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781761352http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0781761352http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781761352http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965909http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473716http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/35714052http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273530http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.101882http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8013194http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20028915http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2580http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8661573http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00261/bibs/21n4p314.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1299196http://radiopaedia.org/articles/colonic-pseudoobstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/caecal-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/large-bowel-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-ischaemiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=beak-sign-of-sigmoid-volvulushttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/whirlpool-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/closed-loop-obstructionhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/haustral-markings -
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Bird-beak sign
Dr Jeremy JonesandDr Frank Gaillardet al.
The bird-beak signis used to refer to the tapering of the inferior oesophagus inachalasia.Thesame appearance (although it is difficult to see the similarity) is also referred to as therat-tailsign.
The appearances although classically occurring in primary achalasia, can also occur in
pseudoachalasiadue to a gastric tumour involving the gastro-oseophageal junction.
References
1. Patil KK, Telmesani A, Ogunbiyi OA. Childhood achalasia-a case report. West Afr J
Med. 1994;12 (3): 172-4.Pubmed citation
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Bird beak sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermyhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoachalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoachalasiahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312217http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312217http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312217http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312217http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pseudoachalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rat-tail-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/drjermy -
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Bird Beak Bird head (with
beak) for bird-beak sign of achalasia. Author: DschwenOriginal file:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gull_portrait_ca_usa.jpgI, the copyright holder of this
work, hereby publish it under the following licenses: Permission is granted to copy, distribute
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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Achalasia
From the case:Achalasia
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3 -
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From the case:Achalasia
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/achalasia-3 -
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From the case:Cardiac
achalasia
Modality: Barium
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasia -
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From the case:Cardiac
achalasia
Modality: Barium
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasiahttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/cardiac-achalasia -
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From the case:
Achalasia
Modality: Barium
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Eggshell calcification
Dr Frank Gaillardet al.
Eggshell calcificationrefers to fine calcification seen at the periphery of a mass, and usuallyrelates to lymph node calcification.
In 1967 Jacobsen and Felson published criteria to help "avoid over-reading of the incidentalcircumferential concentrations of calcium and to eliminate confusion with the ring shadows of
bronchi on end." These criteria were:
shell-like calcifications up to 2 mm thick must be present in the peripheral zone of at least
two lymph nodes
the calcifications may be solid or broken
in at least one of the lymph nodes the ringlike shadow must be complete
the central part of the lymph node may show additional calcifications one of the affected lymph nodes must be at least 1 cm in its greatest diameter
Causes include
In the mediastinum and thorax
silicosis- 5% patients
treatedlymphoma:(postirradiationHodgkin disease)usually 1-9 years following
treatment
coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)- 1% patients
sarcoidosis- calcification is uncommon (only 5% of patients) and occurs late in the
disease; only rarely does it have eggshell configuration
scleroderma
amyloidosis- rare
blastomycosis(e.g.pulmonary blastomycosis)- rare
histoplasmosis(e.g.pulmonary histoplasmosis)- rare
In the breast
oil cysts -inegg-shell calcification within the breast
Differential diagnosis
For eggshell like calcification appearances in the thorax consider
aneurysms
parathyroid tumours
pulmonary arteries inpulmonary arterial hypertension
thymic cysts
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thyroid tumoursandmultinodular goitre
References
1. Weissleder R. Primer of diagnostic imaging. Mosby Inc. (2007) ISBN:0323040683.
Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon 2. Wright FW. Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions. CRC. (2001)
ISBN:0415281415.Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon
3. Gross BH, Schneider HJ, Proto AV. Eggshell calcification of lymph nodes: an update.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135 (6): 1265-8.AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation)-Pubmed
citation
4. Jacobson G, Felson B et al "Eggshell calcifications in coal and metal miners." Semin
Roentgenol 1967; 2: 276-282
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Eggshell calcifications
Eggshell calcifications - general
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/assessment-of-thyroid-lesionshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/assessment-of-thyroid-lesionshttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=multinodular-goiterhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=multinodular-goiterhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=multinodular-goiterhttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415281415http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415281415http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415281415http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415281415?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415281415http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415281415?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415281415http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415281415?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415281415http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/135/6/1265http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/135/6/1265http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/135/6/1265http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779537http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/citation/135/6/1265http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415281415?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0415281415http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415281415http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=multinodular-goiterhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/assessment-of-thyroid-lesions -
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Egg Photo by Ren West. This file is licensed by the author under Creative Commons NC BY SA 2.0
License. Visit case page for links.
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From the case:
Silicosis
Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosis -
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From the case:
Silicosis
Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/silicosis -
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From the case:Calcified oil cyst in right breast on CT
Modality: CT
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Gull wing appearance
Dr Henry KnipeandDr MT Niknejadet al.
Gull-wing appearanceis seen aterosive osteoarthritis on posteroanterior (PA) radiographs. Thecombination of cartilage space loss, subchondral central erosions, and marginalproliferation (osteophyte formation) results in a gull-wing appearance.
References
1. Chew FS. Radiology of the hands: review and self-assessment module. AJR Am J
Roentgenol. 2005;184 (6): S157-68.AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text)-Pubmed citation
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Gull's wing appearance
Gull-wing appearance
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/erosive-osteoarthritishttp://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/184/6_supp/S157http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/184/6_supp/S157http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/184/6_supp/S157http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15908517http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15908517http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15908517http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15908517http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/184/6_supp/S157http://radiopaedia.org/articles/erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe -
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From the case:Seagull flying photo (creative commons)
Modality: Photo
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/seagull-flying-photo-creative-commonshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/seagull-flying-photo-creative-commonshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/seagull-flying-photo-creative-commonshttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/seagull-flying-photo-creative-commons -
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From the case:Gull-
wing appearance - erosive osteoarthritis
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritis -
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From the case:Gull-
wing appearance - erosive osteoarthritis
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/gull-wing-appearance-erosive-osteoarthritis -
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From the case:Erosive osteoarthritis
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3 -
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From the case:Erosive osteoarthritis
Modality: X-ray
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3http://radiopaedia.org/cases/erosive-osteoarthritis-3 -
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Hummingbird sign
Dr Frank Gaillardet al.
The hummingbird sign, also known as the penguin sign, refers to the appearance of thebrainstem in patients withprogressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
The atrophy of the midbrain results in a profile of the brainstem ( in the sagittal plane ) in whichthe persevered pons forms the body of the bird, and the atrophic midbrain the head, with beak
extending anteriorly towards the optic chiasm.
References
1. Grschel K, Kastrup A, Litvan I et-al. Penguins and hummingbirds: midbrain atrophy
in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology. 2006;66 (6): 949-50.
doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000203342.77115.bf-Pubmed citation 2. Shukla R, Sinha M, Kumar R et-al. 'Hummingbird' sign in progressive supranuclear
palsy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2009;12 (2): 133.doi:10.4103/0972-2327.53087-Freetext at pubmed-Pubmed citation
Synonyms & Alternative Spellings
Synonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Penguin sign
http://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/frankhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000203342.77115.bfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000203342.77115.bfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567726http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567726http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567726http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.53087http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.53087http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.53087http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142864http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142864http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142864http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142864http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812742http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.53087http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567726http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000203342.77115.bfhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-1http://radiopaedia.org/users/frank -
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From
the case:Progressive supranuclear palsy - with hummingbird or penguin sign
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-with-hummingbird-or-penguin-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-with-hummingbird-or-penguin-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-with-hummingbird-or-penguin-signhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy-with-hummingbird-or-penguin-sign -
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T1
From the case:Hummingbird sign in PSP
Modality: MRI
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/hummingbird-sign-in-psphttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/hummingbird-sign-in-psphttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/hummingbird-sign-in-psphttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/hummingbird-sign-in-psp -
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From the case:Progressive supranuclear palsy
Modality: CT
http://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsyhttp://radiopaedia.org/cases/progressive-supranuclear-palsy -
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Sitting duck appearance
Dr Henry KnipeandDr Mohammed Wahba et al.
The sitting duck appearancedenotes the normal anatomical configuration of thejugularforamen:
the head of the duck (pointing backwards on the right side) represents the anteromedialpars nervosa
the body of the duck representing thepars vascularis
References
1. Swartz JD, Loevner LA. Imaging of the Temporal Bone. Thieme. (2009)
ISBN:1588903451.Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon
Annotated CT at the level of
the jugular foramen.
http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipehttp://radiopaedia.org/users/genish1http://radiopaedia.org/users/genish1http://radiopaedia.org/users/genish1http://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-nervosahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-nervosahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-vascularishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-vascularishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-vascularishttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588903451http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588903451http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588903451http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588903451http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588903451http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588903451http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1588903451http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1588903451http://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-vascularishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/missing?article%5Btitle%5D=pars-nervosahttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/articles/jugular-foramen-2http://radiopaedia.org/users/genish1http://radiopaedia.org/users/henryknipe -
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Swan neck deformity
Dr MT Niknejadet al.
The swan neck deformityis one of the musculoskeletal manifestation ofrheumatoid arthritisinhand with:
hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, and
compensatory flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
References
1. Longo D, Fauci AS, Kasper D et-al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.
McGraw-Hill Professional Pub. (2011) ISBN:007174889X.Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon
2. Weissleder R, Wittenberg J, Harisinghani MG. Primer of diagnostic imaging. Mosby
Inc. (2007) ISBN:0323040683.Read it at Google Books-Find it at Amazon
Synonyms & Alternative SpellingsSynonyms or Alternative Spelling Include in Listings?
Swan neck type deformity
http://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejadhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rheumatoid-arthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rheumatoid-arthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rheumatoid-arthritishttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN007174889Xhttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN007174889Xhttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN007174889Xhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/product/007174889X?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=007174889Xhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/product/007174889X?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=007174889Xhttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0323040683?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0323040683http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0323040683http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/007174889X?ie=UTF8&tag=radiopaediaor-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=007174889Xhttp://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN007174889Xhttp://radiopaedia.org/articles/rheumatoid-arthritishttp://radiopaedia.org/users/dr%20mt%20niknejad -
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