radioactivity hw 01 - nuclear radiation & its biological effects

7/27/2019 Radioactivity Hw 01 - Nuclear Radiation & Its Biological Effects

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Homework 01

Nuclear radiation & its biological effectshttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/topic_uicklearn.asp!loc"l&topic_id"#&uicklearn_id"$&sub%ect_id"1&ebt"$1'&ebn"&ebs"&ebl"&elc"(

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesi)e/ph*sics/radioacti+it*/backgroundradiationre+1.shtml

Read through the information below, then for each of the 10 questions …

Write the letter (A, B, C or D with the correct statement into !our homewor" boo" …

#onising radiation

$%ra!s, gamma ra!s, al&ha &articles and beta &articles can all be

described as ionising radiation. hen the* collide with neutral atoms or

molecules, these can become charged or ionised.

#onisation of D'A molecules in liing cells, can cause cancer. onised

N can no longer control cell di+ision cells di+ide again and again

until a cancerous tumour forms

lpha, beta and gamma particles can be distinguished b* their abilit* to

ionise atoms and molecules, and also b* their abilit* to penetrate

materials

al&haincreasingl*

ionising

betaincreasingl*

penetrating

gamma

2he following diagram shows what is needed to absorb the differentt*pes of nuclear radiation

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)a&er Aluminium *ead

lpha radiation

4eta radiation

5amma radiation

6topped b* paper

6topped b*aluminium

6topped b*thick lead

+omm! ortebo! -ear 11

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/topic_quicklearn.asp?loc=ql&topic_id=7&quicklearn_id=3&subject_id=16&ebt=319&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=4


http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/radioactivity/backgroundradiationrev1.shtml



http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/radioactivity/backgroundradiationrev1.shtml



Bac"ground radiation

e are continuall* e7posed to low le+els of radiation from natural

sources, and from the result of human acti+ities. 6ources of this

8background radiation9 are

• cosmic ra!s from the sun these are partiall* absorbed b* the

atmosphere we are less protected at higher altitudes;

• some roc"s eg. granite; contain uranium which deca*s to release

radioacti+e radon gas, and also gamma ra*s

• our food

• medical techniques

Detecting radiation<adioacti+e sources gi+e out radiation all the time, so the* must be stored

+er* carefull*. n schools, the* are stored in lead-lined containers,

because lead is +er* dense and absorbs most of the radiation emitted.

.eiger counter is used to detect radiation from a radioacti+e source.

2he 5eiger counter consists of a tube of argon gas. =ach time an argon

atom is ionised, a pulse of current flows around a circuit and increases

the reading on a counter

Biological effects of ionising radiation

dose short term long term

high eg. accident;

whole bod* e7poseddeath >

high

to limited area of skinreddening possible cancer

low no effect possible cancer

Al&ha &articles cause us no harm when the* are outside the bod*,

because the* can9t penetrate our outer la*ers of dead skin. f the* are

taken inside the bod* eg. into the lungs;, the* can be +er* damaging.

Beta &articles and gamma ra!s are more harmful, because the* can

penetrate the skin.

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/1 A #onising radiation collides with neutral atoms or molecules, and these

can then become charged or ionised Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and

gamma ra!s are all ionising

B When radiation collides with ions, it is called ionising radiation

C Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and gamma ra!s are all ionising, because

the! all collide with atoms, which then form ions icrowaes are alsostrongl! ionising

D Radio waes and infrared are both ionising radiation +he! are both

more dangerous to our health than gamma ra!s

/2 A When D'A molecules in liing cells become ionised, the! sto& the cells

diiding +his can lead to cancer

B When D'A is caused to diide in a controlled wa!, a cancerous tumour

starts to form

C When D'A molecules are &reented from ionising, cancer ma! result

D When D'A molecules in liing cells become ionised, the! cause the cells

to diide, uncontrollabl! 3ncontrolled cell diision &roduces acancerous tumour

/4 A Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and gamma ra!s are all ionising to

+he same e5tent

B Beta &articles are most ionising, followed b! al&ha &articles, with gamma

ra!s being the least ionising

C Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and gamma ra!s are all ionising to

different e5tents Al&ha &articles are most ionising, followed b! beta

&articles, with gamma ra!s being the least ionising

D Beta &articles are most ionising, followed b! gamma ra!s, with al&ha

&articles being the least ionising

/6 A > Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and gamma ra!s all &enetrate materials to

the same e5tent

B Al&ha &articles, beta &articles and gamma ra!s all &enetrate materials to

different e5tents .amma ra!s are most &enetrating, followed b! beta

&articles, with al&ha &articles being the least &enetrating

C .amma ra!s are most &enetrating, followed b! al&ha &articles, with beta

&articles being the least &enetrating

D Al&ha &articles are most &enetrating, followed b! gamma ra!s, with beta

&articles being the least &enetrating

/7 A Al&ha &articles can be absorbed b! a thin sheet of &a&er, beta &articles

b! a few millimetres of aluminium, and gamma ra!s b! man!

centimetres of lead

B Al&ha &articles can be absorbed b! a thin sheet of aluminium, beta

&articles b! a few millimetres of &a&er, and gamma ra!s b! man!

centimetres of lead

C Al&ha &articles can be absorbed b! a thin sheet of &a&er, beta &articles

b! a few millimetres of lead, and gamma ra!s b! man! centimetres of

aluminium

D *ead will absorb most t!&es of radiation, a&art from gamma ra!s

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/8 A Bac"ground radiation is entirel! due to human actiities

B We are continuall! e5&osed to low leels of radiation from natural

sources, and from the result of human actiities +his radiation is called

9bac"ground radiation:

C Bac"ground radiation is entirel! due to natural radioactie sources

D We are continuall! e5&osed to high leels of radiation, which result fromhuman actiities

/; A Bac"ground radiation can come from the sun in the form of ra!s of

isible light, from some roc"s (eg granite, from our food and also from

the use of modern medical techniques

B Bac"ground radiation can come from the sun in the form of cosmic ra!s,

from some roc"s (eg limestone, from our food and also from the use of

modern medical techniques

C Bac"ground radiation can come from the sun in the form of cosmic ra!s,

from some roc"s (eg granite, from our food and also from the use of

modern medical techniques D Bac"ground radiation can come from the sun in the form of cosmic ra!s,

from some roc"s (eg granite, from our food and also from the use of

out%dated medical techniques

/< A Radioactie sources are stored in a &a&er%lined containers, because

&a&er absorbs most of the radiation emitted

B #n a school, a radioactie source will be stored in an aluminium%lined

container, because lead absorbs most of the radiation emitted

C Radiation must be stored carefull!, but a lea" will be detected b! either

an ammeter, or a oltmeter

D #n a school, a radioactie source will be stored in a lead%lined container,

because lead absorbs most of the radiation emitted +o detect radiation,

we use a .eiger counter

/= A >5&osing the whole bod! to a high dose of radiation, will result in a nast!

headache

B >5&osing the whole bod! to a high dose of radiation, will result in death

A high dose to a limited area of s"in, will cause reddening similar to

sunburn, with the &ossibilit! of cancer in the longer term

C >5&osing the whole bod! to a high dose of radiation, will result in death

A high dose to a limited area of s"in, will cause nothing worse than

tem&orar! sunburn

D Cancer will result from een the smallest e5&osure to nuclear radiation

/10 A Beta &articles don:t &enetrate the outer la!ers of dead s"in, but can be

er! damaging if ta"en inside the bod!

B Al&ha &articles are the most dangerous, as the! are most &enetrating

C Al&ha &articles don:t &enetrate the outer la!ers of dead s"in, but can be

er! damaging if ta"en inside the bod! Beta &articles and gamma ra!s

are more dangerous, because the! are more &enetrating

D .amma ra!s don:t &enetrate the outer la!ers of dead s"in, and so are

the safest t!&e of radiation

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Ionise radiation: It’s a radiation made up of partials that individually carrykinetic energy, when all this energy touches or bounces with neutralmolecules or atoms they become ionized. Ionizing radiation is mostlycommon by nuclear reactions either natural or artificial by extremetemperatures. Some good examples of ionizing radiation are:

“Ultraviolet light

X-raysGamma-raysRadioactive decay's particlesCosmic raysAlpha raysBeta raysMedical imaging equipmentIonization of foodSterilization of medical toolsNuclear power productionMetal mining can result in exposure to ionizing radiationCoal mining and power production from coalNuclear weaponsGalactic Cosmic Radiation (to which astronauts are exposed)Solar Particle Event radiation (to which astronauts may be exposed)Natural background radiationRadiation therapy for specific forms of cancerRadonCT scans

Nuclear medical scansX-Rays

Airport security scanners (in extremely high usage)”

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-radiation.html

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radioactivity hw 01 - nuclear radiation & its biological effects

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