radioactive waste and spent fuel management in...
TRANSCRIPT
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management in Romania
Alice Mariana DIMA – DirectorDepartement for Nuclear Projects and Strategies
Romania has nuclear sector coveringmost stages of the nuclear fuel cycle
uranium mining and milling nuclear fuel fabrication nuclear power generation
(CANDU reactors) nuclear research facilities radioactive waste and spent fuel
storage facilities repositories for final disposal
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
National Strategy for safe management of RW and SNF
A. Policy
B. National Programme
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Law 111/1996 on the safe deployment, regulation, licensing and control of nuclear activities, provides the primary legislative framework governing the safety of nuclear installations, including those for the purpose of spent fuel and radioactive waste management
Law no. 105 of 1999, ratification of Joint Convention on safe management of spent fuel and on safe management of radioactive waste, adopted in Vienna on September 5, 1997;
Law no. 43 of 1995, ratification of the Convention on Nuclear Safety, adopted in Vienna on June 17, 1994;
Government’s Decision no. 1259, regarding the approval of the National Strategy for the development of the Nuclear Field in Romania and of the Plan of Action for the implementation of this strategy.
Government Ordinance 11/2003 establishes the national framework for the responsible and safe management of radioactive waste and spent fuel, to avoid imposing undue burdens on future generations. It reconfirms that management of spent fuel and radioactive wastes will be conducted according to rules and regulations, international agreements and conventions to which Romania is a party.
Government’s Ordinance no. 7 of 2003, regarding the use of nuclear energy in exclusive peaceful purposes,
Ordinance no. 195 of 2005, on the environmental protection
Government’s Decision no. 1080 of 2007, regarding the constitution and management of financial resources necessary for the safe management of waste
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Romania has adopted an open fuel cycle
Spent fuel produced by research reactors shall be returned back to origin countries
Decommissioning of nuclear installations and final disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste should be implemented as soon as reasonably possible
The final point of management for all radioactive waste is final disposal
The final disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste will only be carried out by state organizations
All waste generators must have the financial resources to implement the National Program through contributions to the Radioactive Waste Management Fund and to the Decommissioning Fund.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Two funds are constituted since 2007:
radioactive waste management fund (fee: 1,4 euro/MWh), and
decommissioning fund (0,6 euro/Mwh)
the contributions come only from NPP
for the institutional waste, finances came from the state budget
The level of contributions is assessed and up-dated each 5 years.
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 2140 2160 2180
Year
€1000x
Closure of geological
repository
Phase 1 of
LILW-SL repository
Construction
of URL
Start construction of geological
repository and encapsulation plant
Construction period
Operational period
Indicative schedule and cost estimate
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR) from 2004
•Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non –power applications), exclusively for peaceful purposes
•Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level the coordination of the nuclear installations decommissioning processes
National Commission For Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) from 1996
• is the regulatory authority in the nuclear field
•elaborates the strategy and the policy for regulation, licensing and control
Waste producers
•Responsible for predisposal activities of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of their facilities;
•Bear the expenses related to the collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal of its wastes
•Pay the annual contributions to the funds for disposal of SNF and RW and for decommissioning of nuclear facilities
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
2 x CANDU 6 reactors (each 700 MW)
Unit 1 commissioned in 1996, due for refurbishment in c. 2026
Unit 2 commissioned in 2007
Units 3 and 4 – to be commissioned
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Nuclear Research Institute (ICN) Pitesti main facilities:
TRIGA® (14 MW) SSR Material Testing Research Reactor;
Post – Irradiation Examination Laboratory (LEPI Hot Cells);
Stand for Testing the Fuelling Machine (used in Cernavoda NPP)
National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei” (IFIN - HH)
WWR-S 2MW Nuclear Research Reactor (currently in Decommissioning Process)
•Tandem Van de Graaff Accelerator
•Cyclotron Accelerator
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR CRYOGENIC AND ISOTOPIC TECHNOLOGIES (ICSI Rm. Valcea)
CITON - Design and Engineering works for Nuclear Projects and to Research and Development studies associated with the implementation of the National Nuclear Program
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
All the radioactive
waste resulting from the
operation of Cernavoda NPP is stored on the
Intermediate Storage Facility for Radioactive Waste (DIDR)
Cernavoda
Spent nuclear fuel is initially stored for a
period of minimum six years in the
spent fuel bay. After this period
the spent nuclear fuel is
transferred and stored in the
Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility
(DICA).
DICA is based on the MACSTOR
system (air cooled modular storage facility)
designed by AECL-Canada.
This facility will ensure the
storage of spent nuclear fuel for
an average period of 50
years, using the dry storage technology.
The institutional waste produced
/collected by IFIN-HH or INR-
Pitesti are temporally stored in
dedicated facilities within their treatment
and conditioning stations.
The LILW-LL as well as the high
activity radioactive sources are
stored into the Post Irradiation
Examination Facility.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
The indicative timeline with key milestone dates for Phase 1 of
the new near-surface repository implementation programme
Reference
concept selected
Site
selected
Repository
construction begins
URL
constructed
Disposal
operations begin
Repository
closed
2025
2020
2030
2045
2055
2150
The indicative timeline with key milestone dates for the
Romanian geological repository implementation programme
1986
Operational
period
Pre-closure
period
Closure
period
Active
institutional
control period
Passive
institutional
control period
2040 2050 2055 2155 2355
Final
closure
End of disposal
operations
The indicative timeline for closure of the Baita Bihor repository
TIMESCALES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISPOSAL
Start of site selection process
Feasibility study
Site licence granted
Repository construction begins
Disposal operations begin
2009
1992
2019
2022
2023
2026
Start of
site investigations
Application for
site licence
Application for construction licence
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
According to the National Strategy for Radioactive Waste Management, Romania, through ANDR, should develop andimplement solutions for the disposal of radioactive waste.
The concept chosen for low and intermediate level waste with limited quantities of long lived radioisotopesgenerated by operation and decommissioning of Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant is a near-surface repository, withmultiple engineering barriers, similar with L’Aube repository (France) and El Cabril repository (Spain) , which weconsider as examples of good practice in the field.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Initial array of disposal
cells planned
Needed for Unit 1 refurbish
ment
Further cells
added in stages
Overall size
depends on new
build and decommis
sioning programm
e
Location close to Cernavoda
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
• The conceptual project was developed taking into consideration more scenarios of Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant operation
Conceptual project
• In the reference scenario the project was developed using the assumption that 4 nuclear units will operate 50 years/unit
Reference scenario
• The repository will be developed into more stages. In the first stage it will be built the access pathways, the administrative building, the operational and services building, as well as the actual area of disposal, which is represented by 8 disposal cells.
Developed in stages
Site characteristics on geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, tectonics, seismicity, surface processes, meteorology, climate and human activities impact lead to the conclusion that the investigated site has the potential to be suitable
for a near-surface repository.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
According to the current RWM Strategy, a
geological repository is the disposal solution for
the SNF generated by Cernavoda NPP , HLW and
for LL-LILW
The Geological Disposal Program is in early stage
of development and it will require a complete
research program to indentify the ideal host rock
Assessment of the national inventory
classification: LILW-SL, LILW-LL, HLW (SF)
Defining a generic concept for geological
repository
non-retrievable facility located at 500-1000m
depth;
based on Canadian Concept for a Deep
Geological Repository for CANDU spent fuel;
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
establishing a detailed implementation plan for the geological disposal programme, identifying the necessary supporting infrastructure and skills base and update cost estimate;
comparison of alternative disposal concepts, and adoption of a preferred design for further development and programme planning;
site selection methodologies, including establishing the decision-making process and the involvement of stakeholders in it, and the specification of site requirements; and
surface-based site characterization plans and technical requirements.
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Geological disposal
In order to support this approach, ANDR will:
•develop a detailed RD&D programme to support geological disposal, taking into account the available expertise,
•promote international co-operation
•periodically review the new RD&D results
Identification of techniques for treatment and conditioning of RW which is to be disposed of in the DFDSMA repository
Design and construction of a treatment and conditioning plant for the waste generated by Cernavoda NPP
Development of a preliminary programme for establishing a geological repository
Revision of the financial contribution of the waste generators to the two funds earmarked for radioactive waste management and for decommissioning activities
Getting the siting license for the new near-surface LILW repository
Improvement of the regulatory framework for predisposal and disposal of radioactive waste, and for decommissioning of nuclear and radiological facilities
Strengthening the efforts to increase the Public Acceptance for Radioactive Waste Repositories
17D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: [email protected]
www. agentianucleara.ro
Thank You!