Radio and Network Planning for GSM-RGSM-R Technical Sales Conference, Stockholm 19th-21st June 2006

CoC GSM-R

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Introduction

Topics

• Scope of radio network planning

• Radio network planning process & tools

• Coverage planning

• Capacity planning

• Group calls

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Scope of Radio Network Planning

Focus / Goals

• Optimize the use of friendly sites

• Minimize the amount of required BTS

• Design a robust and reliable GSM-R network

Tasks:

• Define the signal / capacity requirements of the GSM-R network according to the services to be offered.

• Simulation and on site planning

• Provide a solution for the air-interface component of a GSM-R network

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Radio Network Planning Process & Tools

RNP Simplified Process

Collect Customer Inputs /

requirements

Define system requirements

Nominal Cell Planning

Friendly Site List

Site Visits

Technical Visit

Final Design

OwnerLegal issues

Planning Documents

Workflow is project dependent

Workflow must be clearly defined by all parties involved

→ Time and cost efficient planning

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Radio Network Planning Process & Tools

TornadoN 4.2

• Based on Aircom

• Coverage and C/I analysis

• Best Server

• HO analysis

• Frequency Planning

• Survey analysis

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Coverage Planning

Topics

• Redundancy concept

• Link budget

• Site configurations

• Special site configurations

• Special site configurations in Switzerland

• Frequency planning

• Rules for coverage and cost efficient planning

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Coverage Planning

Single layer no overlap

Single layer high overlap

BSC A MSC A

BSC A MSC A

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Coverage Planning

BSC B MSC B

BSC A MSC A

BSC BMSC B

BSC A MSC A

Double Layer co-located

Double Layer interleaved

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Coverage Planning

BS configuration O2

MS typeMS class 2 (cab radio)

MS class 4 (hand held)

MS output power 39.0 dBm 33.0 dBm

MS cable loss -3.0 dB 0.0 dB

MS antenna gain 0.0 dBd 0.0 dBd

MS body loss (other losses) -3.0 dB -3.0 dB

MS radiated power (ERP) 33.0 dBm 30.0 dBm

UL maximum pathloss 144.8 dB 141.8 dB

BS minimum required signal -111.8 dBm -111.8 dBm

BS noise figure (minimum S/N) 9.0 dB 9.0 dB

noise (KTB) -120.8 dBm -120.8 dBm

Link Budget

Uplink Downlink BS configuration O2

MS typeMS class 2 (cab radio)

MS class 4 (hand held)

BS output power GCU 47.8 dBm 47.8 dBm

BS duplex combiner loss -1.5 dB -1.5 dB

BS cable loss -3.0 dB -3.0 dB

BS power splitter loss -3.5 dB -3.5 dB

BS antenna gain (17dBi antenna) 14.8 dBd 14.8 dBd

BS radiated power (ERP) 54.6 dBm 54.6 dBm

DL maximum pathloss 142.8 dB 143.8 dB

MS minimum required signal (50%) -88.2 dBm -89.2 dBm

MS body loss (other losses) -3.0 dB -3.0 dB

MS antenna gain 0.0 dBd 0.0 dBd

MS cable loss -3.0 dB 0.0 dB

fadeing margin (95% probability) -9.8 dB -9.8 dB

MS receive sensitivity (GSM05.05) -104.0 dBm -102.0 dBm

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Coverage Planning

Link Budget

• Unbalancing factor +/- 2 dB → Link Budget ok

• Link Budget gives the maximal allowable path loss → Theoretical cell range

• BTS Estimation

ETCS Level 2 in CH : ~4 km site to site distance (redundant)

ETCS Level 2 in DK : ~5 km site to site distance is realistic

• Link Budgets comparison :

Compare maximum allowable path loss NOT related cell ranges

→ Propagation physics are the same for everyone

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Coverage Planning

Site Configurations

Quasi Omni

• Mainly used for track coverage

• Antenna combination needed

• Recommended in areas with high speed HO

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Coverage Planning

Site Configurations

Sectorized

• High traffic areas coverage

• Back to back HO critical at high speeds

• 3 dB gain over quasi-omni configuration

• Approx. 15% higher cell range

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Coverage Planning

Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland

Difficult terrain coverage

• Funnelled tracks with tunnels

• ETCS Level 2

• Urban area / Curve

• UNESCO patrimony

• Frequency scarcity

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Coverage Planning

Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland

Difficult terrain coverage

Svitto

SVIX

BTS

2/0/0Galleria Svitto

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Coverage Planning

Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland

Interference reduction

• High traffic area

• ETCS Level 2

• High friendly site

• Critical frequency shortage

• Interferences

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Frequency Planning

• 20 Channels in GSM-R

• 1 Channel Guard band to E-GSM

• 1 Channel Direct Mode

• 18 Channels available for planning

ARFCH Uplink Downlink

955 876,200 921,200

956 876,400 921,400

957 876,600 921,600

958 876,800 921,800

959 877,000 922,000

960 877,200 922,200

961 877,400 922,400

962 877,600 922,600

963 877,800 922,800

964 878,000 923,000

965 878,200 923,200

966 878,400 923,400

967 878,600 923,600

968 878,800 923,800

969 879,000 924,000

970 879,200 924,200

971 879,400 924,400

972 879,600 924,600

973 879,800 924,800

974 880,000 925,000

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Coverage Planning

Rules for a coverage and cost efficient planning

• Precise requirements defined at the start of the project (redundancy, signal levels, traffic, ETCS)

• Use standardized equipment as much as possible

• Minimum total amount of BTS is not necessarily the most cost efficient

• Careful frequency allocation

• Innovative and creative design

Maximum use of friendly sites

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Capacity Planning

The different “user groups” must be identified

• by their function in the organisation

• by the type of traffic they generate (voice/data)

• by their geographical position in the railway network.

Traffic model

The following “user groups” exist in a railway environment

• train (train personnel + ETCS communication where needed)

• shunting teams

• track maintenance workers

• local communication (locomotive depot, track cleaning, rolling material cleaning & maintenance, Post & luggage service, security)

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Capacity Planning

Distinguish between nodes and tracks

● train communication (80% tracks, 20% nodes)

● local communication (95% nodes)

● shunting communication (100% nodes)

● building site & track maintenance (spread over whole network on a km basis)

Number of // running trains without ETCS

● Train communication 50 mErl

Number of // running trains with ETCS

● Train communication 50 mErl + ~1 Erl ETCS

Number of users involved in local communication

● local communication 10 mErl + 5 mErl group call

Number of shunting teams

● group call 300 mErl

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Capacity Planning

BSS dimensioning for ETCS

otherwise 2

MS 1 with HO RBCor zone HO RBCnot if 1

BSS

BSS

cellBSScell

c

cbl

LncTrafETCS

• Where ETCS tracks are planned

• Where RBC HO are planned (balise locations)

• The worst case ETCS traffic in a cell can be computed as follows :

Use a saturation correction factor (based on actual timetables and a traffic prediction increase)

n = number of parallel tracks

Lcell = length of the cell [m]

bl = Block length

ETCS Level 2 has high traffic requirements1 TCH per ETCS Train (CSD)

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Group Calls

VGCS must be carefully planned as it uses a lot of resources

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Thank you for your attention