racial & ethnic problems & challenges in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Racial & Ethnic Problems
& Challenges in
Contemporary Cuba
Jorge Duany
Florida International University
![Page 2: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main Objectives
Review racial & ethnic history of Cuba’s population
Analyze prevailing racial discourse in Cuba
Assess impact of Cuban Revolution on Afro-Cubans
Examine continuing racial inequality on the island
Compare racial profile of Cuba & its diaspora
![Page 3: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Race of Cuba’s Population
during 19th Century (%)
0
20
40
60
80
1817 1827 1841 1861 1877 1887 1899
White Nonwhite
![Page 4: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Race of Cuba’s Population
since Independence (%)
0
20
40
60
80
1907 1931 1953 2002
White Black Mestizo or Mulatto
![Page 5: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Main Ethnic Groups in Cuba
Spanish Andalusian, Canary Islander, Galician, Asturian
African Yoruba, Bantu, Arará, Carabalí
Asian Chinese
Other Haitian, Jamaican, Middle Eastern, Jewish
![Page 6: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Decimation of Indigenous
Population
![Page 7: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
African Slavery in Cuba
![Page 8: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Spanish Migration to Cuba
![Page 9: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chinese Coolies in Cuba
![Page 10: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Jewish Diaspora
![Page 11: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Folk Racial Terms in Cuba
•Blanco, rubio, blanco orillero, blanco lechoso, colorao, albino, blanco capirro
White
•Mulato, blanconazo, mulato color cartucho, mulato chino, moro, indio, mestizo, trigueño, moreno, jabao, chino
Brown
•Negro, negro-azul, negro color teléfono, negro coco timba, negro cabeza de puntilla
Black
![Page 12: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Racial Discourses
in Cuban History
National identity initially defined by Creole whites
Attempt to “whiten” Cuba’s population
Gradual inclusion of blacks & mulattos
Ideology of white supremacy
Dominant discourse of “racial democracy”
![Page 13: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Enshrining the Guajiro
![Page 14: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Afro-Cuban Movement
![Page 15: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Race Relations after 1959
Legal prohibition of “institution-
aized” racism
Official ending of
racial discrimination
(1962)
Upward social
mobility of black
Cubans
Reassessing Afro-Cuban
culture
Declaration of Cuba as Afro-Latin American
nation (1975)
Cuba’s military
involvement in Africa
![Page 16: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Black Cubans or
Cuban Blacks?
![Page 17: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Impact of Special Period
Development of “tourist apartheid”
Growing migration from rural areas to Havana
Stigmatizing “Palestinians”
Afro-Cuban concentration in poorest regions & neighborhoods
Racial differences in self-employment & remittances
![Page 18: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Racial Inequality
in Today’s Cuba
![Page 19: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Prominent Afro-Cuban
Dissidents
Guillermo Fariñas
Manuel Cuesta Morúa
Berta Soler
![Page 20: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Racial Challenges
on the Island
Persistence of racist attitudes &
practices
White overrepresentation
in upper social strata
Ambivalent policies toward
Afro-Cuban culture
Silencing race from public &
academic debates
![Page 21: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Zurbano Affair
![Page 22: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Cuban Hip Hop
Movement
![Page 23: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Racial Classification
of Cubans in the U.S. (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1850 1880 1910 1940 1970 2000
White Black Other
![Page 24: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cubans in Tampa,
Late 19th Century
![Page 26: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cuban Population by Race,
2010–12
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cuba
U.S.
White Black
Other Some Other Race
Two or More Races
![Page 27: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Underrepresentation of Afro-
Cubans in the U.S.
Correlation between race & class in prerevolutionary Cuba
Benefits of revolutionary programs for black Cubans
Popular awareness of U.S. racism
Anti-American Cuban propaganda
Preference for family reunification in U.S. visa system
![Page 28: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
“Yucas”
![Page 29: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A “Marielito”
![Page 30: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Recent Cuban Diaspora
![Page 31: Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in …cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/racial...Racial & Ethnic Problems & Challenges in Contemporary Cuba Jorge Duany Florida International](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022040613/5f0616887e708231d4163a8b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conclusions
White overrepresentation in Cuban diaspora
Intensification of racial inequality since 1989
Improved race relations after Revolution
Popular taxonomies beyond racial binary
History of racial & ethnic mixture in Cuba