r2 presentation

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PERRY JOHNSONREGISTRARS, INC.

Responsible Recycling (R2):Responsible Recycling (R2):

A Different Approach to a Different Waste Stream

Beth PellandBeth PellandExecutive CommitteePerry Johnson Registrars, Inc.

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Beth PellandBeth Pelland

Senior Member of the Executive Committee and Lead Auditor

• Conducting ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO/TS 16949, and R2 audits.

• Presenting numerous seminars and workshops on quality management systems, organizational management, and leadership and team building.

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PJR is one of the largest certification bodies in the world.

International presence:

– HQ - Southfield, MI– Numerous offices throughout the United States– Monterrey and Mexico City, Mexico– Milan and Caserta, Italy– 7 offices in Japan, including Tokyo– Bangkok, Thailand

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Accredited by ANAB (United States), EMA (Mexico), INMETRO (Brazil), UKAS (United Kingdom), RvA (Netherlands), SINCERT (Italy)and JAB (Japan)

Accredited to grant certification for:

– ISO 9001:2008– ISO 14001:2004, Responsible Care, RCMS– OHSAS 18001:2007 (health safety)– ISO/TS 16949:2009 (automotive)– AS9100, AS9110, AS9120– ISO 13485:2003 (medical devices)– ISO 22000:2005 (food safety)– ISO 27001:2005 (information security)


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Responsible Recycling (R2)

PJR is one of two ANAB Accredited certification bodies worldwide that is able to offer accredited certification to R2.


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Accreditations are pending for:

– BS 25999-2 Business Continuity Management Systems

– RIOS - Recycling Industry Operating Standards


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TopicsTopicsGrowth and management of used electronics.Development of the R2 practicesExport Rules/Regulations– Basel Convention– OECD

Domestic Rules/Regulations– State Laws– EPA Rules

Essential R2 Concepts – Understanding R2 Practices– R2 Checklist– Integration/comparison to

ISO standards

R2 Certification– Governing Rules– Stage 1– Stage 2– Steps to Certification

Expectations for R2

Q & A

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Growth of Electronic UseGrowth of Electronic Use

Last year, Americans purchased an estimated 500 million new consumer electronic products.

According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), the average American household owns 15 separate electronic products.

In 2010, the Federal Government is expected to spend 75 billion for IT goods and services.

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U.S. Management of Used and U.S. Management of Used and EndEnd--ofof--Life ElectronicsLife Electronics

Over the last decade, consumers doubled the amount of electronics they discard

However, consumer electronics still only comprise about 1.2% of the MSW stream

EPA’s Electronics Waste Management in the US report, in 2007 tells us that:

– 82% (1.8 million tons) of TVs, cell phones, and computer products were disposed, primarily in landfills.

– 18% of TVs and computers were collected for recycling

– 10% of cell phones were collected for recycling

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How Electronics DifferHow Electronics Differfrom other Waste Streamsfrom other Waste Streams

Electronics are complex devices

Consist of a wide variety of materials, many of which would not be classified as hazardous under EPA testing procedures

Contains hundreds of elements, compounds, and alloys

– Include steel, plastic, glass, ceramics, copper, aluminum, lead, nickel, zinc, lithium, carbon, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, gold, silver, palladium, flame retardants, etc.

– Virtually all materials are used for important functional or safety reasons

– Some of these materials pose risks if improperly disposed of or recycled.

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Environmental BenefitsEnvironmental Benefitsof Reuse & Recyclingof Reuse & Recycling

Reuse: extends the life of the product; increasing use from the energy & material inputs

Recycling: recovers materials –metals, glass, plastics – reducing the extraction and processing of virgin resources

– In a gold mine, one ton of ore contains about only five to 10 grams of gold, one ton of cell phones – equivalent to about 10,000 cell phones – contains 300 to 400 grams of gold".

In 2007, the US recycled414,000 tons of electronics resulting in…

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions: 974,000 MTCO2E, equivalent to the annual emissions from more than 178,000 passenger vehicles.

Energy Savings: 18 trillion BTUs, equivalent to the energy content of 140 million gallons of gasoline.

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Environmental Issues?Environmental Issues?Increasing electronics discards raise numerous issues – some legitimate, some not

– Disposal Danger?

• Some are concerned with toxics from electronics leaching from landfills, we have no evidence that land-filling electronics in the US causes groundwater contamination

• But there is some improper disposal in some developing countries – open burning

– Recycling Risks?

• EPA does not regulate how e-recyclers recycle the material; some practices are sound, some are not

• Primitive recycling processes in developing countries have been shown to cause public health and environmental impacts

– Lost Resources?

• Electronics discarded into landfills or incinerators represent loss of important resources – precious metal, plastics, usable parts, etc.

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Electronic Reuse and Recycling: Electronic Reuse and Recycling: Not Just an Environmental IssueNot Just an Environmental Issue

Unlike more traditional waste streams, electronics can provide social and economic benefits

– Social: Bridges the “digital divide”; reuse markets overseas improve access to information technology

– Economic: Reuse and recycling provides jobs both domestically and overseas

• Strong foreign demand for raw materials

• From a production view, it makes sense that these materials go to overseas markets

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Increasing Safe Reuse and RecyclingIncreasing Safe Reuse and Recycling

To recognize these benefits and promote greater electronics product stewardship, EPA is working to:

Increase reuse and recycling of used electronics; and

Ensure that management of used electronics is safe and environmentally sound

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Responsible Recycling PracticesResponsible Recycling PracticesAt a multi-stakeholder electronics summit in March 2005, participants asked EPA to lead an effort to develop a set of sound recycling practices and a system for certifying electronics recyclers who met them EPA convened a multi-stakeholder group to develop a set of practices– Stakeholders included: States (MN, WA, MD) electronic manufacturers (Dell, HP),

Recyclers/Refurbishers, trade associations (ISRI, Information Technology Institute (ITI), Microsoft Authorized Refurbishers (MARs) and NGO’s (Basel Action Network, Electronics Take-back Coalition)

R2 document process: – Drafted by neutral facilitator (EPA funded) in a consensus-driven process– Each version was discussed by working group and revised by facilitator– Reviewed by 4 experienced auditors– Field tested at 6 recyclers (included a range of sizes and processes)– EPA’s role in helping to get documentation from foreign countries was tested (China,

Hong Kong, India)– R2 represents efforts of multiple stakeholders over a 3-year process; NGOs

participated until the end, but left because of several key concerns. They have now developed their own approach

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R2 PracticesR2 PracticesPosted on EPA’s website at: www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/materials/ecycling/r2practices.htm

It is also found on the facilitators website at: www.decideagree.com/TheR2Practices.html

– Includes the auditors check list

Developers are discussing how best to keep the practices current and relevant

– Permanent home to be chosen

On July 27, 2009 ANAB announced the availability of the accreditation rule for R2

– ANAB Rule #34

EPA is encouraging all refurbishers and recyclers to be certified to R2

– Third-party Accredited Certification based on ISO 17021:2006

– Currently, there are 2 Accredited Registrars

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/materials/ecycling/r2practices.htm

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/materials/ecycling/r2practices.htm

http://www.decideagree.com/TheR2Practices.html

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Scope of R2 PracticesScope of R2 PracticesSets a high bar for environmental and worker protection

Establishes environmental, worker safety, and public health practices

Includes 13 general principles, and specific practices for recyclers to follow

The practices largely go beyond what is required under regulation – recyclers are not required to be certified to R2

Some States have, or are, developing standards in their electronics regulations based on R2, e.g., Washington, Oregon

As R2 gains footing, an increasing amount of used electronics will be managed by recyclers that adhere to sound practices – where ever the material is

Covers electronics equipment including: computers, peripherals, cell phones, televisions, gaming systems…

Materials getting specific “focus” are equipment and components containing: – Cathode ray tubes and glass– Circuit boards– Batteries– Items containing mercury/PCBs– While not a “focus” material, toner and toner cartridges have special on-site

requirements identified

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Features of R2 ApproachFeatures of R2 ApproachSignifies an upgrade of existing practices– Due diligence requirements, documentation of legality from countries of

import– Proper on-site practices are identified– Requires clearing personal data from memory

Allows export of materials if shown to be legal and if goes to sound recyclers

Through field testing, R2 was found to be a practical approach that can be integrated into existing ISO systems.

Smaller recyclers, refurbishers able to meet R2 if they have sound practices– Requires EMS and safety, but does not specify full ISO requirements

R2 precludes landfill or incineration of focus materials– But allows for landfill and incineration in extraordinary circumstances

R2 represents a sound and practical set of practices that if used will reduce issues surrounding electronic recycling significantly

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Details on ExportsDetails on ExportsR2 requires exports of focus materials to be legal and responsible, by having:

Recycler’s responsibility extends to conducting due diligence on “focus materials” to international markets; and

Recycler must show documentation that export of any focus material to any non-OECD country is legal – Law or court ruling;– Letter from the competent authority; or– Request documentation from EPA

• EPA website has information of who to contact with what information

• Concept of Prior Informed Consent requires documentation prior to shipment

Future: EPA website with information on exports

Export Markets

Reuse allows usable electronics to be used in developing countries

e-Scrap exported to countries can be used in manufacturing new equipment

US has no smelters or glass furnaces to refine copper/precious metals from circuit boards or produce new CRT glass

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International Rules: OECD CountriesInternational Rules: OECD CountriesOrganization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development

30 OECD Countries – Mostly Developed– North America, West & North Europe, Australia, Japan, S. Korea &

Mexico

Well-established system for hazardous waste recovery– Covers recovery (recycling) only and facilitates trade– Notice and consent system, but more stream lined then Basel– Allows for tacit consent and pre-approved facilities– Some differences in hazardous waste list from Basel – more risk based

• Basel looks at inherent toxicity – EPA rules consider risk

To date, only CRTs have moved as hazardous waste under OECD controls — SLABs will be included in 2010 www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/international/oecd-slab-rule.htmRequires notification and consent for export of SLABs—CFR 40 part 262, subpart G and H

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/international/oecd-slab-rule.htm---

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For a list, go to: http://www.oecd.org

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International Rules: Basel ConventionInternational Rules: Basel ConventionU.S. is not a Party to the convention; however, over 170 countries are

–– US signed the Convention in 1990; Senate provided its advice and consent to ratify in 1992–– EPA has not been given the necessary statutory authority to implement the Convention, enabling

us to ratify –– Every U.S. Administration has been in favor of ratification

Basel established a control system on the import and export of hazardous wastes to prevent dumping of hazardous waste in developing countries

–– Requires written notification and consent of countries of export, import and transit–– EPA assistance in getting documents.–– Waste list is based on presence of toxics, not risk –– U.S. perspective is based on risk–– Basel hazardous waste is treated the same if going for recycling or disposal –– U.S. has streamlined rules to encourage recycling

US can not recycle or dispose of hazardous waste in non-OECD countries without a bilateral agreement –– U.S. does not have such agreements with non-OECD countries; –– Countries can not legally accept hazardous waste for the purposes of recycling or disposal from us

• There are no Basel enforcement agencies

List of Basel Competent Authorities: www.basel.int; on left side click “country contacts”

US Competent Authority: For R2 Patti Whiting – [email protected]

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Hazardous Waste Definition: Hazardous Waste Definition: Basel versus U.S.Basel versus U.S.

Countries interpret Basel Waste lists within their own domestic law, hence waste definitions may vary between countries. – Knowledge of the rules of importing and transit countries is important

Basel applicability is sometimes unclear for electronics– Shipments for repair/refurbishment is under debate

Basel definition of “hazardous waste” differs from U.S. rules especially with regards to non-traditional waste streams– U.S. conditionally exempts hazardous waste from regulation or exclude a

material from being a waste to encourage recycling– Basel treats material going to recycling and disposal as the same– Most electronics waste in U.S. is either non-hazardous or non-waste

Basel convention supports the concept that hazardous waste should be managed in an environmentally sound manner (ESM) and that transboundaryshipments should be reduced - treat waste where generated!

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BAN & the BAN AmendmentsBAN & the BAN Amendmentsto the Basel Conventionto the Basel Convention

BAN (Basel Action Network): is an independent charitable organization with NO direct ties to the Basel Convention.– Promotes ratification of the Basel Convention– Promotes ratification of the BAN Amendment to the Basel Convention– Promotes e-stewards as the ONLY way to manage e-waste– Charges a licensing fee for e-stewards certification in addition to the general

cost of certification, based on organization revenues

BAN Amendment: Proposed amendment to the Basel Convention that would ban hazardous waste exports for final disposition or recycling from Annex VII countries (Basel Convention parties that are members of the EU, OECD and Liechtenstein) to non-Annex VII countries (all other parties to the convention).– Requires ¾ vote of all parties– Not in force– E-stewards’ standard requires recyclers to act as if the BAN Amendment was

ratified and supported by the U.S.

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State Electronics LawsState Electronics LawsCurrently 20 States and NYC (current lawsuit) have electronics take-back laws — follow a “Producer Responsibility Approach”– Most address TVs (e.g., Texas HB 2714 does not) and PCs; some also

address peripherals and cell phones– Most require manufacturers to pay for collection/recycling through take-

back programs — OEM must label all equipment it sells– Very few laws specify how the material should be handled by the recycler

• Kansas & Illinois use R2 language in their recycling law, Washington State; WAC 173-900-650 gives preferred status for R2 certification

– 11 States and NYC also ban disposal of these electronics in landfills• Most also require take-back

– Each law is slightly different from the other — California uses an “ARF”approach — consumers pay “up-front”

Resources on State Laws– www.ElectronicsRecycling.org– www.electronicstakebac.com

http://www.electronicsrecycling.org/

http://www.electronicstakebac.com/

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EPAEPA’’s APPROACH TO WASTE s APPROACH TO WASTE MANAGEMENT HAS EVOLVED TO MANAGEMENT HAS EVOLVED TO

ENCOURAGE REUSE AND RECYCLING.ENCOURAGE REUSE AND RECYCLING.Universal Waste Rule:

– Mercury-containing devices are in this rule and are considered hazardous waste, but have streamlined requirements when going for recycling or disposal

CRT Rule:– CRTs and CRT glass are not considered solid or hazardous waste when

reused or recycled if certain conditions are met (40 CFR, Subpart E, 261.39). Similar streamlined requirements as Universal Rule.

Responsible Recycling Practices (R2):– Includes a broader spectrum of electronic materials; complements the

other traditional approaches; does not replace any of the electronics recyclers legal obligations

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CRT RuleCRT RuleTo encourage reuse, recycling, and better management of this rapidly growing waste stream.

CRTs are the video display component of computers and TV monitors. Many CRTs from color monitors fail EPA’s testing requirement (TCLP) for lead.

Not Regulated:

Households: May send used CRT monitors to any collector for recycling or disposal.

– Recyclers need to show 100% of material from households to be exempt

Small Quantity Generators: Non-residential (businesses) generators of less than 100 kg. per month (about 7 or 8 monitors) are not subject to most Subtitle C standards.

Customers: May send any CRTs to a recycler for potential reuse, repair or recycling.

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CRT Rule: CRT Rule: Domestic Recycling RequirementsDomestic Recycling Requirements

Requirements for Recyclers:Used Intact CRTs sent for recycling within the U.S:

– Labeling– No speculative accumulation.

• 1 year- CFR 261.1 (e) (8)Used broken CRTs sent for recycling within the U.S.

– Packaging and labeling for storage and shipment, – No speculative accumulation.

Requirements for Glass Processors:Store CRTs indoors, or package and label them.No speculative accumulation.No temperatures high enough to volatilize lead.

CRT Labeling:“used cathode ray tubes- contains leaded glass” OR “leaded glass from televisions or computers”, AND “do not mix with other glass materials”.Must also follow any specific state rules e.g. Maine “Waste Cathode Ray Tubes”

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CRT Rule DefinitionsCRT Rule Definitions

CRT Glass Processer:Must do all three:– Receive broken or intact CRTs;– Intentionally break or separate;– Sort or otherwise manage (e.g., clean) glass

removed from CRT monitors.

Processed Glass:If sent to a glass manufacturer or a lead smelter, not regulated.If sent to other kinds of recycling, may be excluded on a case-by-case basis. No speculative accumulation.No CRT glass manufacturers currently in U.S. – Glass to Glass furnaces located in Asia

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CRT Smelters – Glass to Lead Recovery

DOE Run – St. Louis

Xstrata – Canada (New Brunswick and Rouen)

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CRT FurnacesCRT Furnaces-- Glass to GlassGlass to Glass

Videocon – Poland and India

Samtel – India

Samsung – Malaysia

Hankuk Electric – S. Korea

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Export Requirements:Export Requirements:

Used CRTs and CRT Glass Export for Recycling:Exporter must send notice to EPA 60 days before shipment. May cover export activities extending over a 12 month or lesser period.EPA forwards notice to the receiving country, then forwards response to the exporter. – Export may take place only when consent has

been received.No speculative accumulation.

Used Intact CRTs Export for Reuse:Exporters must send a one-time notification to state or EPA with contact info and a statement that the exporter plans to export the CRTs for reuse. Must keep normal business records demonstrating reuse for three years.

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CRT Rule NoticesCRT Rule Notices

List of facilities approved to export CRTs and CRT glass for recycling on EPA website at: www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/international/crts/recycling.htm– Facilities approved to export CRTs for recycling – about 32.– Table lists the US exporter name, site address, and end date

for CRT shipments. – If exporting processed CRT glass – no export notifications.

List of facilities that have filed the one time notice for export of CRTs for reuse can be found on EPA’s website at: www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/international/crts/reuse.htm– Facilities filing one-time notices on exporting CRTs for reuse –

about 60.

Data on both lists are updated periodically.

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CRT Rule EnforcementCRT Rule Enforcement

EPA has initiated over thirty civil investigations in eight out of ten EPA Regions

Plan to conduct additional inspections and information gathering efforts in FY 2010. – EPA has settled violations with two

companies and filed three civil administrative complaints.

– EPA has determined that seven companies did not have any violations.

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Other Electronic MaterialsOther Electronic Materials

Most electronics sent for recycling are not classified as hazardous wastes.

Whole used and shredded circuit boards are exempted from regulation if they meet certain requirements (i.e., mercury and batteries have been removed)

Unclear whether devices have enough Hg (switches, backlighting) to test hazardous under RCRA. – Some states include this material under

universal waste rules.

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ContactsContacts

Karen Pollard (R2) [email protected]

Patti Whiting (Export Issues)[email protected]

Marilyn Goode (CRT Rule)[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



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Essential Essential ““R2R2”” ConceptsConcepts

Reuse and Recycling Required – Disposal of focus materials only in

exceptional circumstances

On-site Worker & Environmental Protection– Federal OSHA consulted for section – On-going hazard identification & assessment

of risks – Special handling for focus materials

Downstream Due-Diligence for Focus Materials – Throughout the recycling stream – Includes international vendors – Written focus material management plan for

recyclers & downstream vendors; posses & have documentation on downstream controls

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Essential Essential ““R2R2”” ContinuedContinued

Evidence of Legality of Export – Documentation must be from the Government

Comprehensive Management System– Includes, environmental, health and safety

concepts– Includes requirements of many of the

practices– Written programs using “Plan-Do-Check-Act”

model for continual improvement

Compliance with all Laws and Rules– An R2 certification audit is NOT a compliance

audit (ANAB Accreditation Rule #9)

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R2 ContinuedR2 Continued……

Destroy, purge or sanitize data from all memory;– NIST Guidelines for Media Sanitation - 800-

88, or other standard or certification program (i.e., NAID)

Track throughput and recordkeeping;– Business records of all transfers of equipment

and materials into and out of facility

Store and transport materials securely and safely; and

Possess insurance, closure plans and financial mechanisms to cover the potential risks of the facility.

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Environmental, Health & Safety Environmental, Health & Safety Management SystemManagement System

R2 electronic recycler shall develop and use an EHSMS– Define scope of the system (e.g. part of a larger complex with some shared activity).

Based on PDCA model for continual improvement– Policy supporting a “reuse, recover”, dispose hierarchy throughout the recycling

chain.– Documented goals to support the policy: goals that reflect R2, not “reduction of

paper”– Policy and goals understood by all employees– Identification of all site activities (e.g. process flow)– Identification and monitoring of on-site occupational & environmental risks– Focus materials plan– Emergency response

Important to understand the component parts of the PDCA model per note 2– Includes international monitoring (auditing) and system review to ensure

effectiveness of the EHSMS.

R2 Practice #1

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““Reuse, RecoverReuse, Recover…”…” Hierarchy of Hierarchy of Responsible Management StrategiesResponsible Management Strategies

Reuse, Recover, Dispose - Written Policy– Communicated to employees and downstream vendors

Consistent with FM Plan– Apply hierarchy to focus materials

Includes control of vendors– Expect downstream hierarchy to address

reuse/recovery.

R2 Practice #2

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Legal RequirementsLegal RequirementsCompliance with all environmental, health, and safety legal requirements

– R2 certification audit is NOT a compliance audit- ANAB Accreditation Rule #9

Export FM components to countries that legally accept them

– Documentation from EPA or Competent Authority: Documents sent with each shipment

Periodic compliance evaluation

– Identity and document all legal requirements applicable to the facility (e.g. CFR 40, CFR 29, local, state, county regulations, International regulations, etc.)

• Keep in mind that a regulation can have several components or requirements - a title is not enough!

– Document the steps necessary to comply (e.g. work instruction that shows how to label CRT’s)

– Take Corrective Action (NOT just correction) for any identified non-compliance

• Fix so it doesn’t happen again

R2 Practice #3

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OnOn--Site Environmental,Site Environmental,Health & SafetyHealth & Safety

Expertise and capability for processesOngoing hazards identification of occupational and environmental risks - e.g. new processes or materials– Regular, documented training/refreshers - includes entire workforce (any

volunteers)Manage risks on priority basis: Engineering controls, Administrative controls, PPEMonitor/sample for risk management - e.g. PELS– Two-way communication encouraged

Designated site coordinator for promotion of health/safetyRespond/report releases/accidents– Emergency planning, drills, training

This section essentially addresses the major portion of OSHA 18001 and ISO 14001

R2 Practice #4

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Environmental & Safety hazards Environmental & Safety hazards include but are not limited to:include but are not limited to:

High traffic areas – heavy equipment trafficTrips and fallsCuts from glass or sharp metalsBurns in facilities that do assayingEye injuries from debrisHead injury from falling objectsImproper outside storage resulting in impacts to storm water.Exposure to high decibel noise levels for a short timeImproper labeling resulting in diminished equipment reuse opportunityParticulate or metals dust exposure from cleaning CRT’s, crushing, washing CRT’s, shredding metalsImproper evaluation & sorting resulting in diminished equipment ruse opportunity.Chemical exposure from processing areasTransportation spills

R2 Practice #4

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R2 Focus MaterialsR2 Focus MaterialsItems containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s)– Ballasts, capacitors, medical equipment - need training to

identify/manage - hazwasteItems containing mercury– Switches, bulbs, flat-panel tubes

CRT’s and CRT glassBatteries– Handle as universal waste; many U.S. facilities for final destination

Whole and shredded circuit boards except for whole and shredded circuit boards which do not contain solderand have undergone safe and effective mechanical processing or manual dismantling to remove mercury and batteries– Toner and toner cartridges, while not FM’s, should be reused,

recovered as possible.

R2 Practice #5

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R2 Focus MaterialsR2 Focus MaterialsDevelop FM Plan: downstream vendors

Removal of FM’s

Exceptions: mercury if too small to safely remove, and, CRT’s, batteries and circuit boards prior to shredding/recovery when sent to properly licensed facilities.

Facilities properly licensed

FM strategy should not utilize energy recovery, incineration or land disposal

– May consider when normal system is disrupted as allowed by law.

Due diligence of downstream vendors

– Conformance to 5e (1-7)

– Audit/monitor recycling chain

• On-site or self review, or combination

• Needs to be a robust process

R2 Practice #5

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R2 Focus MaterialsR2 Focus MaterialsFM Plan should include, as a minimum– Identification of site FM’s – Responsibility for specific activities– How/which FM’s will be removed

• Decisions on deminimus levels– Statement on use of energy recover, incineration, land disposal– Transportation issues - export requirements– Selection and due diligence of downstream vendors

• Method of risk assessment• Audits/monitoring• Contractual requirements - communication of R2 expectations• How material will be tracked

– Reference to supporting documentsMatrix is a good way to show FM’s and their movement though the vendor chain

R2 Practice #5

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Reusable Equipment & ComponentsReusable Equipment & ComponentsComply with commercial agreementsLabel and sort to allow tracking (R2 #7)Transport/handle in conformance with R2 #12Confirm key functionsConfirm recipient vendor certified R2 electronics recycler

(Or)

Key functions – Vendor manages all residual FM’s in conformance with R2

• Exceptions for number of units– Less than 15 for evaluation

• New in original packaging– Need not comply if satisfy R2 3 or 5

R2 Practice #6

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Tracking ThroughputTracking Throughput

3 year retention of records for transfer of equipment, components and materials, and brokerage transactions.

Should be consistent with FM plan

Link to R2 #13 for overall records management and document controls

R2 Practice #7

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DATA DestructionDATA Destruction

R2 recycler shall follow NIST special publication 800-88 or generally accepted standard, or be certified (e.g. NAID)

Documented destruction practices

– Trained employees: Refreshers

– Process reviewed and validated by independent, third-party on periodic basis

R2 Practice #8

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DATA DestructionDATA DestructionSteps to consider: per NIST guideline 800-88– Sanitization decisions based on security needs of the information on the media-

on-site or outsourced, cost, training, volume– Decision on “clearing, purging, destroying” - based on security

• Clearing: software overwriting• Purging: degaussing (suggests NSA/CSS approved equipment)• Destroying: disintegration, incineration, pulverization, melting - best way

If outsourced– Contract for confidentiality control– Review and validate the process by R2 trained individual– Controlled shipments– Tier 1 vendor

Equipment Maintenance & Calibration Competency of personnel - hiring/screeningRecords of sanitization to document what media were sanitizedInsurance?

R2 Practice #8

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StorageStorageFM’s, equipment, and components

– Protect from atmospheric conditions/floods

– Access controlled/security

– Container labeling and storage area identification

• Pay attention to any legal requirements (e.g. CRT’s, batteries)

• Consider inclusion in ongoing monitoring activities to ensure any compliance issues, and container integrity to eliminate leakage (dust, liquids)

R2 Practice #9

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Facility SecurityFacility Security

Controlled access

– Consider equipment and customer needs

– Consideration of shared resources (e.g. part of a MRF), or responsibility by a corporate entity not in the scope of R2 certification

R2 Practice #10

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Insurance, Closure Plan and Insurance, Closure Plan and Financial ResponsibilityFinancial Responsibility

Comprehensive or Commercial General Liability Insurance– Bodily injury, property damage, pollutant releases,

accidents - need evidence for all categories

Written and funded closure plan– May be state minimums

Need to address as part of downstream vendor controls

R2 Practice #11

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Transport Transport

Package to minimize risk– CRT rules

Transporters have/met regulatory authorization– No significant violations during past 3 years

• Need documentation– If using trucking brokerage firm, verify requirements

of their contracts– Be sure to include transport as part of environmental

and health/safety risk assessment

R2 Practice #12

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RecordkeepingRecordkeeping

Maintained in a single site location

– Show conformity to R2 requirements

– Linkage to R2 practice #7

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Integration/Comparison with Integration/Comparison with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001ISO 9001 and ISO 14001

Implementation/Auditing Implications

R2 manual

Objectives and Targets

Internal Audit

Maintenance / Calibration

Nonconformance / Corrective / Preventive Action

Training

Document/Records Control

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Integration/Comparison withIntegration/Comparison withISO 9001 and ISO 14001ISO 9001 and ISO 14001

R2 Manual: There is no requirement for an R2 manual. However, there is a requirement to document a written EHSMS that includes written goals and procedures.

1a1 requires written goals (continual improvement) and procedures

1a3A requires a policy for managing end of life electronic – it is expected that this POLICY is understood by all employees and communicated to downstream vendors

1a3C requires a FM plan

1a3F requires a list of activities necessary to conform to R2- NOT an interaction of processes, but identification of ALL activities/processes (perhaps as a simple electronics flow chart) needed to meet requirements for R2

SCOPE of the organization should be identified within the documented EHSMS to conform with ISO 17021 requirements

While organizations may indeed have a variety of documents that integrate their activities, a MANUAL is not required.

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Objectives and targets: Again, no specific R2 Practice addresses how to establish and/or monitor goals, objectives and targets.

1a2, note 2, requires establishing goals, objectives and targets, tracking performance, plan activities that work toward achieving identified goals, create and implement an action plan for continual improvement.

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Internal Audit: there is no R2 Practice specific to internal auditing. The R2 General Principle 1, requires a recycler to use EHSMS to plan and monitor its processes and activities to conform to R2 Practices. Monitor is the key terms as it suggests some methodology equivalent to an internal audit to verify effectiveness of the EHSMS. ISO 17021 requires CB’s to verify effectiveness of the internal audit/monitoring program.

1a2, note 2, requires monitoring of key activities and tracking performance of the EHSMS5f requires recycler to confirm “through audits or other similarly effective means”that downstream vendors comply with FM controls6c3 requires “an appropriate combination of…materials tracking…and auditing”for reusable equipment and components.Use of the R2 checklist by recyclers could meet the requirements for “internal auditing”. We should expect that a “monitoring (auditing) plan/schedule” is established and followed, and that people using the checklist are competent. We should expect that this information is submitted for review (input) of the EHSMS. We could logically expect that the audit/monitoring program covers all key activities of the recycler show “effectiveness” - however a “process approach” is not required.

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Maintenance/Calibration: There is no R2 Practice specific to equipment maintenance or calibration of test equipment to ensure meeting any OSHA PEL testing, e.g. test for noise or lead dust. However, the activities are implied, or would be required by CFR 29 or CFR 40.

3 (general principle) requires conformance to applicable health and safety requirements - this would imply all of CFR 29 applicable to equipment maintenance expectations (e.g. LOTO, hand tool inspections, etc.)

4b recycler adheres to Good Housekeeping Practices- equipment, tools, infrastructure (e.g. 29 CFR 1910.22, 1910.76, 1910.178, 1910.242) -virtually any maintenance issue could be written against clause 4b.

4e requires recycler to use sampling protocols that are effective - and to comply with all PEL’s for sampling monitoring - calibration of sampling or test equipment is necessary to assure effectiveness.

6c1 requires “use of effective testing methods”, confirms reusable equipment is working properly.

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Nonconformance/Corrective/Preventive Action: There is no R2 Practice specific to nonconformance, corrective or preventive action. However, it is implied by 1a2 that bases the EHSMS on the PDCA model.

1a2 note requires identification and correcting of problems to prevent recurrence. It is important to remember that Karen Pollard of the EPA included this note to help recyclers understand the elements of an EHSMS that should be in place, based on the PDCA - it is expected to be adhered to in order to meet expectation of R2 effectiveness.3a1 requires recycler to “take corrective action to address any issues of non-compliance”. This would be driven by compliance evaluations or daily observance of noncompliance, e.g. improper use of PPE, failure to follow the reuse/recover policy, etc.

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Training: There is no R2 Practice that specifically addresses recycler/ employee training. However, specific training issues are addressed.

4a requires recyclers to possess expertise and technical capability to process each type of equipment, component and material in order to protect employees, public and the environment- implementation would require a training program with associated records maintained

4d2A requires regular, documented health and safety training, and refreshers for all employees

4f requires training of volunteer and temporary workers per 4d2A

4g requires assignment of an individual (consultant or employee) to coordinate and promote worker health and safety

8c requires employees involved in data destruction to be trained on a regular basis.

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Document/Records Control: There is no R2 Practice that specifically addresses document control, external documents, control of obsolete documents, records retention times, etc. However, document control and records maintenance activity and effectiveness is clearly implied. R2 practice 13 (recordkeeping) addresses records for showing conformity - it is likely the catch-all clause to write against if there is a records issue.

1a requires a “documented, fully implemented, update as needed, written EHSMS”. – this is likely the catch-all clause implying some method of document control and availability of most current revision of an EHSMS document.1a1 requires “written procedures”.1aF requires a “list of the documentation necessary…”3a2 (ABC) requires documentation that allows transboundary shipments4d2A requires documented health and safety training7a requires maintenance of commercial contracts, bills of lading, etc. for 3 years minimum8b requires “documenting” data destruction practices12b requires recycler to obtain documentation of transporter certification and performance13a requires maintaining “documentation necessary to show conformity to each requirement” maintained in a single location - the main clause to support records management.

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R2 CertificationR2 CertificationGoverning Rules:

ANAB: ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board– Rule 34

• References R2 Standard/checklist and ISO 17021:2006• No unaccredited R2 certificates may be issued

– Registrars certificate MUST have ANAB seal to be VALID• Certificate must reference ISO 17021• Registrar maintains publicly available list of clients• Only single-site certification is possible

ISO 17021:2006 - requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems– Rules of engagement for the Registrar (certification body)– Establishes how R2 audits will be conducted (Stage 1 and Stage 2)– Establishes timing for surveillance audits - annual at minimum– Establishes requirements for recertification - 3 years– Establishes what the Registrar should review during specific audit cycles.

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R2 CertificationR2 CertificationStage 1 Requirements:

Documentation reflecting R2 requirements

Client understanding of requirements: training

Site-specific conditions

Scope of the ESHMS

Compliance evaluation completed and issues being addressed

Understanding of organizations’ significant environmental/safety risks

Evaluate internal audit planning and performance or equivalent monitoring of processes

Evaluate management review- called annual review in R2

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R2 CertificationR2 Certification

Stage 2 Requirements:

Conformity to requirements - Implementation

Performance monitoring against key performance objectives

Ongoing legal compliance

Operational process controls

Internal auditing and management review

Responsibility and authority for policies

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R2 CertificationR2 CertificationCertification Steps:

Training to R2 requirements– Staff– Internal Audits by “competent auditors”

Create R2 documents or integrate with existing systems (e.g. ISO 9001, 14001 or OSHAS 18001)Implement R2 requirements

– Conduct internal audits of system– Conduct compliance evaluation– Conduct review of system based on input from internal audit

Contract with a certification bodyComplete S1 and S2 audits

– Address any nonconformities ☺ Certification!

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Expectations for R2Expectations for R2Widespread Use

EPA was asked for a way for refurbishers/recyclers to highlight their sound recycling practices and a way for customers to easily find recyclers that are soundMembers of the stakeholder group that support R2:

– States and local governments• Some have R2 elements in law• Some have added R2 requirements to procurement

contracts– ISRI (recyclers trade assoc)

• Is offering RIOS/R2 training to recyclers– ITI (OEMs trade assoc)

• Encouraging OEMs to get their recyclers certified• Many state laws require the OEMS to provide take

back– MARs (Microsoft Authorized Refurbishers) - 500 +

members• Looking to find a way to get their members certified

Federal Government– Currently must use recyclers that meet the Plug-In To

eCycling Guide & must do their own diligence– When there are R2 certified recyclers, EPA will replace

the Plug-In To eCycling guide with R2 practices– Plug-In To eCycling Partners- OEMs

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QUESTION & ANSWERQUESTION & ANSWER

SESSIONSESSION

r2 presentation

Education

life electronics

electronics discards

responsible recycling

usable perry johnsonparts

waste streams electronics

r2 audits

r2qaperry johnsonregistrars

landfilling electronics