r1987^ 4h ~ 5h £4*v mm{ti5.t$£± l tz · 4≫^*ic*~ii^ilt, 4~5000kmjgfchn ... ^^§s5j*l. iti6...
TRANSCRIPT
*MmmM>5- &mm£ %\i^ i988*nfl
r1987^ 4 H ~ 5 H £ 4*V mM{Ti5.T$£± L tz
Distributionand Movement of Smokes from Forest Fires
that occurred along the Boundary of the People's Republic of China andthe USSR on April-May 1987
Tadashi Aso and Seiichiro Kigawa
Abstract
Big forest fires occurred along the boundary of the People's Republic of China and the USSR
on April-May 1987. Distribution and movement of smokes from the forest fires can be detected
in GMS visible imagery,but hardly in the infrared imagery. Smokes spread over the Sea of Japan
and moreover the northwestern Pacific Ocean. They moved several thousand Kilometers from the source
and yet had a considerable particle density to be detected in the visible imagery.
A numerical simulation by the Global Tracer Model was carried out to confirm that the
observed grey area can be regarded as the smoke from the forest fires. A simulated horizontal
distribution agrees quite well with the observed area over the continent, the Sea of Japan and
the Pacific Ocean.
An increment of albedo due to the existence of smoke particles is 0.01~0.09 over the sea.
Movement of smoke particles is greatly influenced by a synoptical disturbance. Height of
smoke advection is high in front of a front, and low behind a front. This height difference
indicates that the advection height of smoke particles is determined not by the updraft over the
forest fires, but by the ascending and descending current of synoptical disturbance.
1. ttUAt
W±%^^S.rl>thDj (GMS)Ttt*cflfeJ3fc^C
1980 ; A+*4& if, 1982 ; &B3 ・ ;£#, 1983 ; ^Ba.
1988) o 3-0. 4 H T^^ 6 5 ^ cf1^ C *≫ T ^#^e if
t[≪Ii:<Rimil0tvc*filET*#> #^jii0T*{itSt
j&"cf6±Ltz\u#'X?ni*mmmteRA,-c*5 9. gms
Meteorological SatelliteCenter
-15-
Bt^5M& (*ffl, *&K\ 1986) frhfrhb visual
2. mm
2. i gms c≪t
* rMj mvmwi
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER, 1988
≪:1987^ 5^60 OOUTC c GMS aJMmt$.X$> o
feo ≪SSAsftfc^a&c≪#R&£cSf*3tfta*ffi^
5/15 Ba>6 5HlOBR*"Ct**ofe*^ 4HT^^
ysmtnjimimm-czz gms sspj*^t-o -c*?
Fig. 1 fil987*£5^60 OOUTC R^M * )VW≫
*s^**IrJ^IK*s^ T vi-5(Ditftip %>o * fc,B!l£rSj
ntv>5, ^^R^ (Fig.2) Tfil20"E^iff*^?|fflI
Fig.3tt^≪ D6B OOUTC cH*^{t^cnJ^R
**S9, MKffl≫#iftc-t<'^jS±cS*r3fiSc3i<'i
Fig. 4 fi 5 R 7 B OOUTC c Rj^BiftTT A-^
HiaE^^H^MifiiT^^tfeo 52°N. 120°Ef^S
rMj ≪fc, 53~4°N, 123°Ef^^*^^^#t;S|ffl
^^^≪c rRj ≪fc*≪≪≪!$nxviso mm^#t;
S*SJEv^ rMj ^tt l Bifc rMj ^cit^L/cfec
-C^So £tz, ^#1/5 rMj ^≪ Fig. 1 (Dfcim
x\ 6umim±Ltz rMj tfm^mntzt>(D'c$>z>
Fig. 5 t±5 RWB OOUTC <DnSUW&L"CB&fr ?>
160°Ettfo£T(Dffim*^Ltzo B^(DMM±^WP
^c^^±crMjc!P^ti^^^lA <>lttil40~150°
*\S*tt*^^LTViSc*5^ii5o g]c^±c47°
N, 165°E^3£c≫-flS±T, rMj c%#*SSI*3S
momm^m^ t Lx%z.x^z>o&tz^MM±(DrMj
Fig. 6 tt|^B#2ij0*fl.iifllt\ nJffim&-C%t>tltz
GMS ^SltfcSJl^a^^Ri^ 6 GMS *Sjt8£fr&
ofe&iifST≪iofcfiiT5eii-rso)0*4≪fflK*rt
OOUTC c B #&fttft (Fig. 1), 5 ^ 10 B OOUTC c
B^c^?g± (Fig.5) C^JSLTViSo 7^KcB
Fig. 7ftt7;i"<Kfit*50.06~0.11K*fLT, Fig. 8
tM20.06#> 60.12c fgffl K-fe^^^/Co ≪5IB tt
0.03~0.05cfeH-C£>Z>o ffi^T, rMjfe?Kct-2>T
2.2 rMj c#*igc
gms <Dmm& h rMj (Dmmzft^ft t * *■y ^m
ELfc (Fig.9)o rMj^cftm*Rl^R0cT^^K
fit^ftt*^SI&≪;c*≪)Sc:i:tt≫ibvio ^ti^rMj
tRii^ti^< %ota; fcc/c*-c*So
Fig.9 a)~f)K5^5B*^10S*TO rSj ^c^~
4≫^*iC*~iI^iLT, 4~5000kmJgfcHn
-16-
m.giffim-ti>*- &mm£ mi7% 1988*11/1
Fig. 2 Infrared image at OOUTC on 6 MAY 1987. Grey scale forblackbody
temperature(°C)is shown on the right.
-17-
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER, 1988
Fig. 3 Same as in Fig.l, but around Japan.
Fig. 4 Same as in Fig.l except for OOUTC on 7 MAY 1987.
-18-
rn.-m.mmM>$- &mms tsi7-§- 1988^11^
Fig. 5 Same as in Fig.l except for OOUTC on 10 MAY 1987.
Fig. 6 Same as in Fig.2 except for OOUTC on 10 MAY 1987.
-19
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER. 1988
albedo is shown on the right and only small range of al
is colored.
Fig. 8 Colored visibleimage at OOUTC on 10 MAY 1987. Grey scale for
albedo is shown on the right and only small range of albedo (0.06M). 12)
is colored.
20-
(a)
(b)
%M&mM>$- mm& *i7-s i988#nj!
(d)
(e)
(f)
Fig. 9 Observed horizontal distributionsof "smokes".
Solidline indicates somewhat clear boundary of "smokes" and dotted line
indicates less clear boundary.
-21-
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER, 1988
3. £<73R|£
gms(D^Mmmvmwi$titzmn^ nRtnv
ov^T^^So ^n4)VMa*i?>cift±^i*^SlilS
*P-<T GMS omWILtzrMMb-&.-tZfr if9 #>
i:b^1-4o ft^K GMS TSflJ^nsfl^ift^^^a
JK?*≪ttf rMj c^^*≪ff^-e§SA^if^*>JK?
3 . 1 *VB£ttiftcmi**&≪
W$.\t GMS. NOAA, i&±mU, ffHBSitfc if *>£≪
PJ L /cis X % 0 t c T\ 14^(^30^^*5?8^ t tz Z. t
Fig. 10 Area of forest fires
#*≫£&v>fc^a.;fc;&&*&vitk*3 3o
3.2 m±nmmu mmmm) t <di\m
m±%mMW\-Clt%m^%U, JS& if<DftLC*%W
3E#Ei:LT^*c^R 4>i!$!l£tl^Jl^≪R|g t
LT*&Vitiib,GMSc≪≪IfcJtKUfcoJtRcQ^i:
*fc* oT^5 5^ 6 0O3UTC (Fig.11) fc5£7B
03UTC (Fig.12) r*>5o IH + O^lit,£JtT1HA,*£
^≪t*sGMS ^ i 5 rMj ^T (^*HcEi*t± Fig.9
tlnii;),ooep (3-F04). rep (3-kos) *sift±
ocgI*l,;StM#c*fJEtt*≪KA<. GMST'S
%mrfmm^mm(D^m^^^ v^^rMzm^v
f&±m&i:mt>tizRffifrt>m$L\*m\sX, mm*
tiZM<Dfrttti*&l%X*%i>frh?:5ij>%M'<t:o ^c^
^・^W (1988) *#Ra$nfeVi0
te^WrhztK z.z.x*\r<k(D2/TmikWhJtio
P : (52.IN. 112.8E)
Q : (52.8N. 123.5E)
fH\c|& K≪i^^c%*T@0#25Of@ToS^^J^
^^§S5J*L. iti6 0^-?≪^mT)ilkmtTcl
IMfHem^WTK^^^o Fig.13 a)~f)≪P*fe*
t'5 3 3 BX r>1<i*m%iLtzm'&T$>Z>o WR$k<D
ftRL*&Z>-fc*>\ZFig.14 a),b),c)K*nf*l5H 5
H, 7 0, 9 0cOOUTC0Jfi±^^0!&^L^o P
Jt^T' 5^3.4 SblKm tfcJfe^ttffi^EE^IBc^
gJRCc5ffi*3it5^6BCttS*JSt3JiU 6 0
-22-
m&8jM-tz>*- mm% *i7-s m&s$\in
. . ... .t i ■
.i mFig. 11 Comparison between the observed horizontal distribution of
"smokes" by GMS and surface observations at 03UTC on 6 MAY 1987.
Meanings of solidline and dotted line are the same as in Fig.9. Symbol
r" means that smokes are observed in that station and symbol oo means
that smokes are also observed, but the source of smokes are not
Fie. 12 Same as in Fig. 11 except for 03UTC on 7 MAY 1987.
-23-
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER,1988
(a)
(b)
(d)
(e)
(c) (f)
Fig. 13 Predicted horizontal distributionsof the tracers from point P.
-24-
(a)
(b)
1012
m&ais-tr>*- mmm *i7# im&uB
OOUTC K tt H^^kSB^It^dSfflrW L T v≫£ c #
M6;M30 £c*i^tt*c&3|l4tJfi;££^!)2W'NJ|C
^jS±HffltJK*5ofe(5MlOHOOUTC)o oc^?
3M)jtt Fig. 1 ~ 8 c GMS RftSBftU Fig. 9 cX *■y
?&bl£WttZt8.<―&L'C\,>?>Zht>sfrfr&o #
c 5 B0S#g£%j£a≫&it*Mc;fcl£±*B#}&I§8B
ttSS, 6 00 0 ≪£> 6 mm^Mi £ #>*> S gp^- fc^'>H
*^*jS±^#Ot-5|fflv^, lO00 0*0m^±T'c
* ## tc^ < mm t t v ^ o *#(jrjs±^k*j o /L-≪
W}LtzV, 'Xm&nt-tz P LX*r/HHfci a K: 1
^e>tL-50 |f-|f$<lfe00!&^-Ck8Bi'>l^f3Sctf}$n
fe|t:?^^*s≪≪!I$*L'&Vi0tt, Z-Otzto-OhZ t%
JLhtiZo */c,GMS0≪≪!lT(i[s]B#^^^0M^^
ri*6n4ct, If-≫SI|00 (Fig. 13) ££<£
±LTJt§nfefc0tk*'5i:%^e>nSo 5H70
(Fig. 4) KM6tLSi3≫^ft^jfi0a0≫cB^<
^Ji$ tiTfc' ^> -f. flfe0Jftj&a>6 cSfcUi^iSnttJte^
*^*1S^0M^ (8 0, Fig. 9-d) f±flfec%^*>
60fe0i:#^^tL5o
Fig. 15 a)~d) tiiQlfijSt^ 5^ 6 B i 9fttfl*MJ&
tfc^-a-^^L/co Q±fe^Ji6 00GMSB^ (Fig.
1) ^M6ti?.^M^;^ia^0M^^^;&>it^KL/-c
% 0^fsmi±0fiiR 0 jSTtt^sfE $ ti 0 *^ia^ it ±
<fTL^t>:t^^o 7 0 0 GMS mm (Fig.
4) titmtitrA-;Hii≪tcOTaj:tt^l
mnmtmifi^ < TMc*es^ii t < tt-n t cjt^a
Fig. 14 Sea level pressure distribution.
y^^ k cJit***£GMS #WJ Lfc#jg$!R ≪)i&
4 Biafttil5ixfc'bcf*S3:k*5≪|*5fL5o
-25-
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER, 1988
(a)(c)
(b) (d)
Fig. 15 Predicted horizontal distributionsof the tracers from point Q.
4. m<D≫n
ttz0 5R 5 0cOOUTC tO6UTC0ittgtt^ipm
≪≪!ltitl!!!i-St^≪ESSf±lft±~850mbCffiai-
50 5^10BcOOUTC(Fig.5), 06UTC cJttfi!^
Fig.16 a)~c) \Z±<DZM t ^] UB#£ijc P Jfe£*>h
$L?zmiHLtzm-£(D&m M&^^m^^Ltzo^m
izttfc? 5 fr^ftftm £^ t /Co a) Tf± P%;&;&≫ ?>
800mb KTti$C^§ JUO'Nttaff#> ?.±# t T
600mb Cllti^o WtttSil^ai^ B^^S^S
^311 T^'jtl C^A> o fc)fe-?ttBa*s<S < 800mb \>X
mLtz9c^<Dm^ti&Ms.mm^x^tztzisbMmii±
#LT500mb fCMLX^Zo c)^<^-5 t B^fDMfe
?>800mbJ^TK^*LT^5o :n≪.liiaiT$ftfc
-26-
(a)
(b)
1
(c)
1
0 10 20 30 110
mMmmM>$- mm& %\m wss^n^
OOUTC 05 MAY 198750 [£ 70 ao 90
mb
100
200
300
100
500
600
700
800
900I I
0 10 20 30 wo so so to an ar
010
LATITUDE
20 30 140
OOUTC 06 MAY 1987m 60 70 80 90
mb
100
200
300
MOO
500
600
700
800
900
r
[
4I
""0 10 20 30MO SO GO 70 80 SI
K
100
5B
300
100
500
600
700
800
900
000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
70 80 90'000
LATITUDE
OOUTC 10 MAY 1987
10 20 30 ≪0 50 60 70 80 90
mb
100
200
300
≪0O
500
600
700
800
900
r
ji
v£&il gjjjlgjjtfj.*・?*.,・ ** '
r
~"~010 20 30 ≪0 SO 60 70 80 91
too
200
300
・100
500
600
700
800
900
000
LATITUDE
Fig. 16 Predicted vertical (left) and horizontal (right) distributions of the tracers from point P.
-27-
METEORLOGICAL SATELLITE CENTER TECHNICAL NOTE No. 17 NOVEMBER, 1988
5. *£
iiS2~300mT^S^^fec-Cfe 7~800mTlkm§
jffii*ikfi55:vi (0jT1987)o iti*^T^ft^c
T^^o /Mf (1986)C≪tSklU#^ClftTf±0.1~l S
zt>K is^o>j^±c rg^:S^j c^iti^^ggf
ScttM^KJ:Sttl^T10S^nyggc^g4ti?
i c<t5 ^^ S fc&^iHai^#jt,bT 1)1000kmW±
^^f *ScfiS≫acffeK l^o>i DXZKftL
ttz, /JnSP(1986) Ci5J:0.1~l S^nyciSflc
*i^*)fla*^<, smHt*csai0^>f ax^-;u
£ti-a>sct\ JK^^jffijSit^f^nte^-rite?c
l^*aS*#*t* < T fcgLHft^ kilgll-PtSo
B*^-^\#±-rcnJ^@^ (Fig. 3, 5) *=>
?>, M≪k^HkcSI*RS0^af±O.Ol~O.O9SS *
tkllia>0≪^kst3r|^i;T*'Bo *fc,*^iil≫
(Fig.6)tiTc^R*^*^S!l$nS Zlk*k**^≪R
£ti6c<r k*>?>S)K?k0ffll*'5:|^5tttrg'&Vi
*if*^OJ#^C^t3j:oT±i;fcffl^0O.l~l 5 ^
tix\,*z-fc!tob%*.t>tiZo
6. Zt#>
1) 1987\4^T^J~5^C*^fCRlSll≫Tc*ffl|
2) 4>VMtt£T*Llj#≪*sf£3£LT^c:^ *
g±rfiSS#c%±^I^Sii:.av>*fJ£fcJS-re: t>
3) M≪fi4^T^I*^ 5E±iUKfrttTl2flEHJ;:#
S1"-6o ^s* < fcfcfl^JB*^ 4~5000kmW±, ?≫R
KfH C L T fc5 B &±li fc-5£i:ASflSSBfi^ 6 fitE
Tt5o
4) jS#±-CcSJi:≪J:SSft|-3fiSc*iinttO.Ol~O.O9
5) S≫^c^≫filie≪^≪lflKL≫3^S<≫*$ixt:
* <. ≪gss≪iaac±#fl£ ・ TM&-<t
-3t^^
m n
-28-
*Ufc*M-fe>*- &m$&& ≫17# 1988 ^ 11 ^
mmxm
E&StfU 1979:1979^4^4'^ cif 6k ^m> 26,
725~729.
/M?j|, 1986: r^m^^^MciJ^j. I4|xrn
*ffl5f&. &IF*fiB. 1986: r*mr^t/HclJlU
^BBIEH. 1988: tpmXm±.(DMR, %m, 32, 9776.
MWE., *tt―. 1988: A Tracer DiffusionModel
Coupled with The JMA Global SpectralModel,
JMA/NPD TechnicalReport, No. 24
W-, l987:$H^mi£i^T;W£o^T, ifcfit^
iINWP-i-X.No.8.
^#1IIKhI. 1980: rX>thVj frb^tzmK M^>
24. 5982~5983.
J^mXTt, ^##, 1983: ^ + >>3 ・ x;i/f-f-3y0J
tike ≪fc-S OjKc^±m^≫S GMS- 2 K i 5
≪pj. %mffi^y?-&mm%M7^ 13-27.
A+^#. ^ffl^i^, ≫##rU ≪Ojf§^, 1982:
gms cx6i98W(D&±\ff(D'XiumkmwL n
ft≪M-fe^^-R^i@tf5^ 47-64.
0jT*B1* (JBKfiff^m). 1987:^{f.
-29-