R-KNOW ProjectAmman

18 April 2014

“Knowledge Sub-Network on Water, Energy and Food Nexus ” (WEF Nexus)

Egypt

SEARCH project is funded by the EU

sub-network: to increase, share and disseminate Knowledge on “Water, Energy and Food Security (WEF) Nexus” perspectives and approaches; and Illustrating through case studies

Problem Definition

Climate change exerted extra pressures on natural resources, and increased competition in demands of three sectors

Sectors are traditionally managed in a centralized manner, with minimal coordination with other sectors

Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia

Vast Development in the region, requires water and energy as main factors and inputs

With continuing population growth, rising incomes and urbanization, food demand will roughly double in the next fifty years

Objectives

• Sharing and developing knowledge among relevant stakeholders

• Innovating new models that address resource challenges through new technologies and efficiency gains

Water in the Arab Region• The region lies in the most arid area on earth and 70% of

its land is dry• more than 70% of the water resources originate outside

the Arab region• The average per capita share of water is approaching 500

m3/capita/year which is half the water poverty limit• surface water is insufficient to meet the escalating needs

this has driven many countries to rely on other resources to fulfill their needs utilizing non-renewable groundwater, wastewater reuse, treated sewage water, and desalination

Food Security• Agriculture is the largest user of water resources in the

Arab region; it utilizes around 85% of water whereas the world average percentage of water use in agriculture is 70%.

• With continuing population growth, rising incomes and urbanization, food demand will roughly double in the next fifty years

• Food security (i)food availability; (ii) food access; (iii) food utilization; and (iv) food stability. Food stability refers to the regular availability and affordability of food, so that it contributes to the nutritional security

Commodity Water needed to produce (liters)

1 hamburger

2400

1 glass of milk

200

1 egg

135

1 apple

70

1 slice of bread

40

1 potato

25

Water for Food

Source: FAOWATER

Vulnerability to Food Security in Egypt

Highest

Lowest

High

low

medium

Energy in the Arab Region

• Sixty million Arab people are without access to modern energy services mainly electricity

• Arab region is well endowed with clean, renewable sources of energy, primarily solar and wind

• Efficiency measures can also save up to half of the energy currently used, while maintaining the same production levels

Energy for Water for Food

Pivot Irrigation in Azraq

Pump station in Toshka

Energy for Water

كهربائية قدرة إلى المحطة 250تحتاجقدره للمياه بتصرف للضخ ميجاوات

م 25ث/ )3م 300 (3مليون يوم/

Water for Energy

Renewable Energy

Source: Bonn conference, 2011

Nexus Approach

• The approach integrates management and governance across sectors and scales, with the goal of achieving water security, sustainable energy and food security to reduce hunger, enhance basic services and improve livelihoods.

• It is about Governance within the three sectors and relevant ones. It entails collaboration and coordination amongst sectors with a holistic vision and integrated planning.

• This allows decision makers to develop the right strategies and plans that contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, and minimize the period for the payback of investments.

• It can be achieved by better management of natural resources and ecosystems; i.e. integrated water resources management, land resources management and a shift towards resource use efficiency. More investments in the production of renewable energy is needed. Sustainable agricultural practices are to be adopted.

• Awareness raising and information sharing are basic for the behavior changes towards better and more sustainable practices.

• Participation of stakeholders and local communities in the planning processes is fundamental in the nexus approach.

• Integrated planning and collective work. • Legislative and institutional frameworks to enable the environment for

collaboration amongst relevant institutions for coordinated decision making.

Planning forWater, Energy

and Food Security

Nexus Vision

Assessment

Planning

Implementing

Reflecting

Strategies

Develop Initial Vision

Stakeholder Analysis

Problem Analysis

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Water Energy and

Food Studies

Primary Scenario

Detailed Strategy

Finalize vision

Test Strategies and Vision Scenario

Select Activities

Define Actors Role

Analyze Cost and Impact

Finalize Plans

Implement Most

Feasible Plans

Rank Plans

Feedback

Documentation

M&E

Systemic Approach to WEF Nexus

HencePolicy coherence

Integrated management

Resource efficiency

Produce more with less

State Actors• The National governments • Local authorities and utilities

Non-State Actors• Business and the private sector• Civil society (communities, NGOs, media)• Farming community • Research organizations

International Community and Funding Organizations

Formulation of the Advisory Committee

The key stakeholders:• Ministry of Water Resources

• Ministry of Agriculture

• Ministry of Environment

• Renewable Energy

• International organizations

The sectors of the stakeholders

• Users of Knowledge Management systems (& Information/Data)

• National Institutions and Decision Makers– Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation– Ministry of Agriculture– Ministry of Environment– New and renewable energy authority

• Regional & International organizations

• Research & Academia

Other Stakeholders

• Water users associations• NGOs• Related NGOs (CEDARE, CARE, CEOSS,..)• Donors( UN, …….).

Stakeholders categorization.

Governorate level

National Level

Farmers

Agriculture department

Governorate Central Department of water resources and irrigation

Water users associations

Community organizations

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

New and renewable energy authority

Ministry of Energy

Ministry of Environment

Relevant NGOs

Donors

Water Governance

Water, Food and Energy

Sustainable Water

Technologies

Water and Climate Change

29 3 3 6

The number of projects under the four themes

Projects Information Sheet

A summary sheet of each project was

prepared, while these projects are

classified according to the thematic

Areas.

Criteria for selection of Case Studies

• Water conservation• Food Security contribution• Renewable energy • Balance between energy, water and food security• Participatory approaches

دراسية كحاالت مقترحة مشروعات

الشمسية مشروع • بالطاقة يعمل بمنطقة زراعىمساحة القطارة، شرق بجنوب فدان 4الم=غرة آالف

زراعتها بأشجار تمت الرى بنظام الجوجوباكاملةوالفيكس بالتنقيط النخيل زراعات جانب إلى ،

مثل البيئية الحقلية والمحاصيل والرمان والزيتونوالذرة، والفاصوليا والبسلة البلدى والفول البصل

. الجوجوبا نبات على محملة وجميعها

Case study- Jordan: Jordan implement a project that had the support of KfW (German development bank). The project takes sewage water from the area of Irbid and Northern Jordan and it treats it in three plants. The water then flows to the Jordan valley, where it irrigates fields; which increases the availability of drinking water. This project also prevents pollution as the sewage water is treated, it can also develop hydroelectricity as the water is taken to the Jordan Valley; and as the treated water is phosphorous and nitrogen rich it reduces the Jordanian farmers’ need for fertilizers.

THANK YOU