quotation, paraphrase, summary, plagiarism how to properly use and cite sources
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Quotation, Quotation, Paraphrase, Paraphrase, Summary, Summary, PlagiarismPlagiarism
How to ProperlyHow to Properly
Use and Cite SourcesUse and Cite Sources
DefinitionsDefinitions Quotation:Quotation:
Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed in quotation marksin quotation marks
Paraphrase:Paraphrase: Reproduces the content of the original in your own Reproduces the content of the original in your own
wordswords Summary:Summary:
A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the originalprinciple points of the original
Plagiarism:Plagiarism: Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or
summarysummary
Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, SummarySummary
Always introduce quotations, Always introduce quotations, paraphrases and summariesparaphrases and summaries
Use an introductory phrase with the Use an introductory phrase with the name of the author includedname of the author included
Example:Example: In In Letters from AmericaLetters from America, Rupert Brooke , Rupert Brooke
characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely British city having the usual urban British city having the usual urban mixture of wealth and poverty (80).mixture of wealth and poverty (80).
Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation QQuote accuratelyuote accurately::
RReproduceproducee the quotation exactly ― including its the quotation exactly ― including its spelling, capitalization, and punctuationspelling, capitalization, and punctuation
If you omit or change anything, indicate the If you omit or change anything, indicate the changes changes [ ] if you change a word/phrase[ ] if you change a word/phrase … … (with a space before and after) if you omit a (with a space before and after) if you omit a
word/phrase)word/phrase) YYou may omit or change the concluding ou may omit or change the concluding
punctuation to fit the quotation into your own punctuation to fit the quotation into your own sentencesentence
Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation SShort quotations (less than 4 lines of your hort quotations (less than 4 lines of your
essay) essay) go go in quotation marks and in quotation marks and are are includeincludedd in in the body of the body of your textyour text
When quoting more than one line of When quoting more than one line of verse, use a slash (/) with a space before verse, use a slash (/) with a space before and after to mark the line endings: and after to mark the line endings: ““Five years have passed; five summers, with Five years have passed; five summers, with
the length / Of five long winters” the length / Of five long winters” (Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).(Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).
Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation
When quoting a prose passage of more than When quoting a prose passage of more than three lines, start a new line and indent from three lines, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your the left margin double what you indent your paragraphparagraph
Do not indent right marginDo not indent right margin Double space the quotation (as you are the Double space the quotation (as you are the
entire essay) but do not add quotation marks entire essay) but do not add quotation marks that are not part of the quotation itselfthat are not part of the quotation itself
After the quotation leave 2 spaces before After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citationthe citation
Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation
After the quotation leave 2 spaces beforeAfter the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation:the citation:
None of them knew the colour of the None of them knew the colour of the
sky. Their eyes glanced level, and sky. Their eyes glanced level, and
were fastened upon the waves that were fastened upon the waves that
swept toward them. swept toward them. (Crane, “The (Crane, “The
Open Boat” 918)Open Boat” 918)
Rules for QuotationRules for Quotation When quoting more than three lines of verse, When quoting more than three lines of verse,
start a new line and indent from the left margin start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraphdouble what you indent your paragraph
Do not indent right marginDo not indent right margin Double-space the quotation (as you are the Double-space the quotation (as you are the
entire essay)entire essay) Preserve the original line endings and the Preserve the original line endings and the
original spatial arrangement of the lines as much original spatial arrangement of the lines as much as possibleas possible
If the passage begins in the middle of a line, If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that waytype it that way
Rules for QuotationRules for QuotationIf the passage begins in the middle of a line, type If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way:it that way:
These beauteous forms,These beauteous forms,
Through a long absence, have not been Through a long absence, have not been
to meto me
As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye:As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye:
But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the dinBut oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din
Of towns and cities, I have owed to themOf towns and cities, I have owed to them
In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… (“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)(“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)
Rules for ParaphraseRules for Paraphrase
Give clear credit to the source at Give clear credit to the source at the beginning of the paraphrasethe beginning of the paraphrase
Paraphrase will usually be a little Paraphrase will usually be a little shorter than the original, but need shorter than the original, but need not benot be
Rules for ParaphraseRules for Paraphrase
Do not use significant words and Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marksputting them in quotation marks
If using three or more words in a If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarismplagiarism
Rules for SummaryRules for Summary
Give clear credit to the source either at Give clear credit to the source either at the beginning of the summary or in the the beginning of the summary or in the end citationend citation
Do not use significant words and Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marksputting them in quotation marks
If using three or more words in a row If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarismmarks; not to do so is plagiarism