quick introduction: supernova ! visible supernovae are uncommon and of great interest to...
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Quick introduction: Supernova !
Visible supernovae are uncommon and of great interest to astronomers.
They occur when a massive star has burned up most of its “fuel” and suddenly “collapses”. A shock wave is formed which blows off the outer layers of the star.
Supernovae in our own galaxy had not been seen since the 1600’s
until ………………………… 1987
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One dramatic result of stellar evolution: a supernova remnant
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Hydrostatic equilibrium maintains a star’s size during Stage 7
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Stellar composition changesas the hydrogen is used up
During stage 7 of stellar evolution,
hydrogen burning causes a build-up of
helium in the star’s core.
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Hydrogen shell burning occurs around an “ash” core, which is mostly helium, and the temperature is T = 10 million K
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Helium shell burning continues, and carbonburning commences
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Heavy Element Fusion- shells like an onion
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A Type II Supernova is a “core collapse” and occurs when the core is finally pure iron, which cannot be fused to other elements. The core collapses
to a big ball of neutrons, which causes a shock wave to bounce back outward, which blows off the entire envelope
of the red giant, to form a supernova remnant.
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1994
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SN2005cs in M51(Whirlpool galaxy) discovered June 27, 2005
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SN2005cs in M51(Whirlpool galaxy) discovered June 27, 2005
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Supernovae in our galaxy have been infrequent.
• Historical supernovae in the Milky Way (none observed by telescope !!!!): http://www.seds.org/messier/more/mw_sn.html
• Recent supernovae by date: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/RecentSupernovae.html
• All supernovae since 1885: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/Supernovae.html
• Links for supernovae on the web: http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7212/montes/sne.html
• Latest supernovae (by current brightness !): http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html
• Supernova SN2005cs in M51 (Whirlpool galaxy): http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2005/sn2005cs.html also see: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050719.html
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Supernova Remnants
Vela supernova remnant
Other examples:
Cassiopeia A (link) (link) N63A (link)
Crab nebula
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M1 – the Crab Nebula
is from a supernova seen in year A.D. 1054
The remnant is 1800 pc away and the diameter is currently 2 pc.
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Astronomers have been waiting for hundreds of years for a bright, nearby supernova.
Finally, one night in 1987…
We learn the story of the observation in the movie
“Death of a Star” (from the Nova series on PBS)
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Supernova 1987A seen near nebula 30 Doradus
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Supernova Light Curves fall into two types
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Supernova 1987A was not typical
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Supernova 1987A
link link link link
See mpeg animations of this.
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Eta Carinae will probably go supernova
in the next 100,000 years
or so.
SEDS link