Questions from Will1. Do you agree with Mitchell's idea that "[r]ace is

constructed in and through space, just as space is often constructed through race."? Why or why not?

2. What is race? How do we identify and categorize race?

3. Is race a key factor in people's fear of people with different phenotypes?

4. What are your reactions to The Bell Curve? Do you agree with Mitchell's view that The Bell Curve is flawed? Why or why not?

5. What are the purposes of segregation? 6. How did the apartheid (Jim Crow, or any other forms

of state sanctioned segregations) impact the development of space and race?

GEOG347: Geographies of Race

"Race is constructed in and through space, just as space is often constructed through race"

Mitchell Ch. 9: Geographies of Race

1. Defining race2. Refuting 'The Bell Curve"3. Apartheid and the geography of race

Mitchell Ch. 9: Defining Race

• Race as a social construction/ no such biological thing as race

• Jared Diamond (1994) "little regularity of co-variation of particular traits within and across populations"

• Diamond- • "material conditions of society go a long way

in explaining the need for racial distinction"• Race as justification for colonialism, slavery

Mitchell Ch. 9: Refuting "Bell Curve"

• Murray and Hernstein (1994) racial differences in IQ test scores based on genetics

• Mitchell argues for environmental factors- noting overall increase in scores with increasing education historically

• Stephen Jay Gould- example of height and nutrition; adoption; no difference between Germans fathered by black and white US soldiers; is intelligence "one thing" ("Curveball" 1994)

Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid's Geography

• Race "made real on the ground" through spatial strategies

• Three scales of apartheid: personal, urban, national

Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- Personal

Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- Urban

Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- National

Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- National

Detroit 2010http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662328/infographics-of-the-day-how-segregated-is-your-city

% White in NYC, 1920socialexplorer.com

% White in NYC, 1940

% White in NYC, 1960

% White in NYC, 1980

% White in NYC, 1980