questionnaires and instruments

8/14/2019 Questionnaires and Instruments

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Questionnaires and

Instruments

R.Kannan


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14-2

Overall Flowchart for Instrument Design


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14-3

Phase 1


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14-4

Strategic Concerns in InstrumentDesign

What type of scale is needed?

What communication approach will be used?

Should the questions be structured?

Should the questioning be disguised?


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14-5

Technology AffectsQuestionnaireDevelopment

Writequestionnairesmore quickly

Create visuallydriven instruments

Eliminate manualdata entry

Save time in dataanalysis

WebSurveyor used to write aninstrument.


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Exhibit 14-4 Phase 2


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Question Wording

Criteria

Sharedvocabulary Single

meaning

Misleadingassumptions

Adequate

alternatives

Personalized

Biased


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Response Strategy

FactorsFactors

Objectivesof the study

Participants level of

information

Degree to whichparticipants havethought through

topic

Ease and claritywith whichparticipant

communicates

Participant

smotivation

toshare


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Free-Response Strategy

What factors influenced your enrollment in Metro U________________________________________________________________________________________


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Dichotomous Response Strategy

d you attend the A Day at College program at Metro

eso


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Multiple ChoiceResponse Strategy

hich one of the following factors was most influentin your decision to attend Metro U?

Good academic standingSpecific program of study desiredEnjoyable campus life

Many friends from homeHigh quality of faculty


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Checklist Response Strategy

hich of the following factors influencedur decision to enroll in Metro U? Check all that appl

Tuition costSpecific program of study desiredParents preferencesOpinion of brother or sister

Many friends from home attendHigh quality of faculty


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Rating Response Strategy

Stronglyinfluential

Somewhatinfluential

Not at all

influential

Good academicreputation

Enjoyable campus life

Many friends

High quality faculty

Semester calendar


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Ranking

Please rank-order your top three factorsFrom the following list based on theirInfluence in encouraging you to apply to Metro U.

Use 1 to indicate the most encouraging factor,2 the next most encouraging factor, etc.

_____ Opportunity to play collegiate sports

_____ Closeness to home_____ Enjoyable campus life_____ Good academic reputation_____ High quality of faculty


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Characteristics of Response Strategies

Characteristic Dichotomous MultipleChoice

Checklist Rating RankOrdering

FreeResponse

Type of Scale Nominal Nominal, ordinal,or ratio

Nominal Ordinal or interval Ordinal Nominal or ratio

Usual Number of

nswerlternatives

Provided

2 3 to 10 10 or fewer 3 to 7 10 or fewer None

Desired Number ofParticipant

nswers

1 1 10 or fewer 1 per item 7 or fewer 1

Used to Provide... Classification Classification,

order, or specificnumerical estimate

Classification Order or distance Order Classification

(of idea), order, orspecific numericalestimate


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Phase 3


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Guidelines for Question Sequencing

Interesting topics earlyInteresting topics early

Classification questionslater

Classification questionslater

Sensitive questions laterSensitive questions later

Simple items earlySimple items early

Transition betweentopics

Transition betweentopics


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Illustrating theFunnel Approach

How do you think this country is gettingalong in its relations with other countries?

How do you think we are doing in our

relations with Iran? Do you think we ought to be dealing with

Iran differently than we are now? (If yes) What should we be doing

differently? Some people say we should get tougherwith Iran and others think we are too toughas it is; how do you feel about it?


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BranchingQuestion


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Components of Questionnaire


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Overcoming Instrument Problems

Build rapportBuild rapport

Redesign questionprocess

Redesign question

process

Explore alternativesExplore alternatives

Use other methodsUse other methods

PretestPretest

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