¿qué son y cómo funcionan los troyanos bancarios?

8/8/2019 Qu son y cmo funcionan los troyanos bancarios?

1/13

T| v`n u fc` b|nfe`ndn o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v ]jend 4 gl 46 @ivlyrdw`ye` gl od Vlj|yegdg gl od Enb`ycdfen

Ln o`v owec`v welc}`v/ odv wfnefdv byd|g|olnwdv wydgefe`ndolv !}aevaenj% idvdgdv ln odenjlnelyd v`fedo adn lrò|fe`ndg`/ d}ùng`vl ln lo |v` gl cdozdyl/ ln f`nfylw`/ lnwyùdn`v. Dv/ aù ln gd/ od cdu`yd gl lvw`v lv}lfclnlv gl fgej` cdoefe`v` lvwngevldg`v }ylfevdclnwl f`n lo ìklwer` gl f`nvlj|ey ilnlbefe`v lf`ncef`v }dyd v|vfyldg`ylv d wydrv gl o`v byd|glv idnfdye`v.

T| v`n o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v0 T| rlfw`ylv gl enblffen lq}o`wdn lvw`vlklc}odylv0 Fc` f`nvej|ln enwlyfl}wdy odv fylglnfedolv gl odv lnwegdglv bendnfelydv0D f`nwen|dfen vl gdy ylv}|lvwd d vwdv u `wydv }ylj|nwdv/ dndoe{dng` odv }yenfe}dolvbdceoedv gl wyùdn`v idnfdye`v/ l enwlnwdng` f`nfelnfedy do olfw`y gl od fylfelnwl dclnd{dgl lvw`v lklc}odylv.

E T| lv |n wyùdn` idnfdye`0

Lvwl wycen` do|gl do v|if`nk|nw` gl cdozdyl t|l }lyvej|l lo yì` gl gdw`v gl f|lnwdvidnfdyedv lolfwynefdv. Ln lvwl f`nwlqw` `wy`v vlyrefe`v bendnfely`v/ }`y lklc}o` yldoe{dy`}lydfe`nlv gl iòvd `noenl/ wdcien vl f`nveglydn idnfd lolfwynefd.

O`v wyùdn`v t|l vl gevldy`n lv}lfbefdclnwl }dyd fd}w|ydy enb`ycdfen idnfdyedf`cln{dy`n d d}dylfly ln 9==7. B|l ln lvwl d` f|dng` vl n`w |nd lrò|fen ln o`vhluo`jjlyv 4/ ` fd}w|ydg`ylv gl wlfodv wydgefe`ndolv/ ud t|l vl glwlfwdy`n lklc}odylv t|lbeowydidn od fd}w|yd gl gdw`v ln b|nfen gl odv }jendv revewdgdv. Glvgl lnw`nflv odvwfnefdv gl fd}w|yd gl fylglnfedolv u gl c`new`ye{dfen gl lnwegdglv revewdgdv vl adngl}|ydg` wdnw` t|l o`v f`nvlk`v gl vlj|yegdg wydgefe`ndolv/ f`c` ìvlyrdy od }ylvlnfedglo fdngdg` gl vlj|yegdg ln od }jend gl od lnwegdg idnfdyed/ f`c}yìdy od d|wlnwefegdgglo flywebefdg` gl vlj|yegdg/ lwf. v`n env|befelnwlv.

F`n lo ben gl ylf`jly od enb`ycdfen nefdclnwl gl odv }jendv revewdgdv }`y lo |v|dye`/lvw`v wyùdn`v v|loln ylf`jly u dfw|doe{dy oevwdg`v gl lnwegdglv idnfdyedv/ ieln ln v|f|ly}`/ ieln ln |n dyfaer` gl f`nbej|ydfen t|l fyldn ` t|l glvfdyjdn glvgl |nvlyreg`y cdoefe`v`. Doj|n`v gl lvw`v wyùdn`v welnln ln`yclv oevwdv gl fdglndv glc`new`ye{dfen gl dfweregdg idnfdyed/ }`y lklc}o`/ od bdceoed Ven`zdo lc}old cv gl9===.

4 Lv |n we}` gl wyùdn` t|l vl fdydfwlye{d }`y fd}w|ydy u docdflndy odv }|ovdfe`nlv lblfw|dgdv vìyl lo wlfodg`.]`vwlye`yclnwl lvwd enb`ycdfen !t|l }|lgl f`nwlnly enb`ycdfen vlnveiol% vl lnrd d |n dwdfdnwl/ t|l odv }|lgl |weoe{dyln v| }y`}e` }y`rlfa`. Odv owecdv rlyve`nlv gl lvwl we}` gl }y`jydcdv cdoefe`v`v wdcien adfln fd}w|ydv gl }dnwdood glolt|e}` dwdfdg`. Gl lvwd b`ycd/ vl adfl enlbefd{ l envlj|y` lo |v` glo wlfodg` reyw|do.

T\ V@N U FC@ B\NFE@NDN O@V WY@UDN@V IDNFDYE@V

@IVLYRDW@YE@GL ODVLJ\YEGDGGL ODENB@YCDFEN

Envwew|w` Ndfe`ndogl Wlfnò`jdvgl od F`c|nefdfen

F|dglyn` gl n`wdv glo

@IVLYRDW@YE@


2/13

Eo|vwydfen 4; ]lt|l` lqwydfw` glo dyfaer` gl c`new`ye{dfen gl lnwegdglv gl |n wyùdnìdnfdye` !Ven`zdo/ W`y}ej/ Dnvlyen%

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Lqevwln g`v f`yyelnwlv }yenfe}dolv gl cdozdyl idnfdye`/ vljn lo }dv gl `yejln gl o`vgevldg`ylv gl o`v fgej`v cdoefe`v`v/ od iydveold u od y|vd. ]`y o` jlnlydo o`vlklc}odylv gl od lvf|lod y|vd v|loln vly c|fa` cv v`bevwefdg`v u veolnfe`v`v. Wdcienfdiyd fewdy d Faend u F`yld/ f`c` `wy`v `yjlnlv lclyjlnwlv ln od jlnlydfen gl lvwlwe}` gl fgej`v cdoefe`v`v.

EE Vew|dfen dfw|do gl lt|e}`v dblfwdg`v }`y wyùdn`v u wyùdn`v idnfdye`v

]dyd ylcdyfdy od ec}`ywdnfed gl lvwl we}` gl fgej`v cdoefe`v`v/ u f`c` vl }|lglìvlyrdy ln lo jybef`/ ln od dfw|doegdg/ d vl}welciyl gl 9==5/ |n :/9, gl o`v lt|e}`vdndoe{dg`v do`kdn dojn we}` gl wyùdn`v idnfdye`v.

Jybef`; Lrò|fen gl lt|e}`v t|l do`kdn wyùdn`v idnfdye`v !,%

74/1, 7=/5, 7=/6,6


3/13


Vl adn f`nveglydg` odv bdceoedv gl wyùdn`v idnfdye`v cv }`}|odylv t|l lblfwdndwdt|lv geyejeg`v f`nwyd lnwegdglv idnfdyedv9. V`n odv vej|elnwlv;

idnf`v/ idnh/ idnhly/ veolnwidnhly/ {i`w/ ven`zdo/ w`y}ej/ byd|g/ {l|v/ enb`vwldoly/ dcioly/vwldoly/ ulvvec/ udo|gol/ idno`dg/ idnh}dwfa/ c|oweidnhly/ nlwaloo/ fay`clenklfw/ jòg|n/idnv}u/ idnf`g``y u idnf`g`.

D od a`yd gl enwly}ylwdy o`v gdw`v/ lv nlflvdye` dfodydy t|l o`v lt|e}`v t|l do`kdncdozdyl idnfdye` n` nlflvdyedclnwl wlycendn ln |nd vew|dfen gl byd|gl. ]dyd t|l |nbyd|gl vl }y`g|{fd vl adn gl gdy wylv feyf|nvwdnfedv;

4% Lo lt|e}` glo |v|dye` ad gl lvwdy enblfwdg` }`y lvwl we}` gl wyùdn`v.

9% Lo lv}fecln t|l enblfw od ct|end glo |v|dye` ad gl dwdfdy d od lnwegdgidnfdyed f`n od t|l `}lyd lo |v|dye`.

6% Lo |v|dye` ad gl enefedy vlven ln v| lv}dfe` gl idnfd lolfwynefd u yloolndy o`vgdw`v dgefe`ndolv t|l vl ol vòefewln.

EEE T| wfnefdv lc}oldn lvw`v lklc}odylv }dyd c`new`ye{dy od revewd d}jendv idnfdyedv0

Lo beowydg` gl o`v gdw`v gl o`v |v|dye`v vl oolrd d fdi` clgednwl oevwdv gl lnwegdglv

idnfdyedv d c`new`ye{dy. Gefadv oevwdv f`nwelnln fdglndv gl wlqw` t|l v|loln vly;

Od }y`}ed \YO glo idnf` ìklw` gl v|}odnwdfen; aww}; zzz.ceidnf`.f`c

V|ifdglndv gl od \YO glo idnf`; +ceidnf`.f`c

Lo ww|o` gl od rlnwdnd gl od }jend gl idnfd ln onld; CeIdnf` Enwlynlw Lq}o`yly

Fdglndv }dywef|odylv glo f|ly}` gl od }jend gl idnfd ln onld; CeIdnf` 9==1.W`g`v o`v glylfa`v ylvlyrdg`v.

Fdglndv glo fgej` AWCO gl od }jend ylodfe`ndgdv f`n o`v b`yc|odye`v glenjylv` d od f|lnwd }lyv`ndo; ?odilo b`y3)ojP|vlyndcl) fodvv3)odi|vlyP=4)>

]dyd }`gly f`c}dydy lvwdv fdglndv f`n o`v n`ciylv/ u `wy`v }dyclwy`v/ gl odv }jendvrevewdgdv/ ad gl lqevwey |n clfdnevc` t|l }lycewd enwlydfw|dy f`n lo f`nwlqw` gl od }jendrevewdgd. O`v cw`g`v cv |v|dolv v`n od enwlyfl}fen gl b|nfe`nlv gl od D]E gl

9 Lqevwln `wydv bdceoedv gl wyùdn`v t|l }|lgln lc}oldyvl }dyd f`clwly byd|gl d|nt|l vwl n` vld v| f`clweg` }yec`ygedo` nef`. ]`y lklc}o`/ o`v fd}w|ydg`ylv jlnyef`v gl wlfodv ln `fdve`nlv }|lgln vly |weoe{dg`v }dyd fd}w|ydy fylglnfedolvidnfdyedv. Gl ej|do b`ycd/ o`v wyùdn`v wydgefe`ndolv gl }|lywd wydvlyd }lycewln adfly fd}w|ydv gl }dnwdood ylc`wdv u rly o`t|l lo |v|dye` lvfyeil. Dv/ }`gydn vly lc}oldg`v }`y |n dwdfdnwl }dyd enwlyfl}wdy fylglnfedolv gl vlyrefe`v gl idnfd `}dj`v `noenl. Lvwdv bdceoedv n` vl lvwn f`nveglydng` ln lo dnoevev.


4/13

Zeng`zv !a``hv%/ lqwlnve`nlv gl Enwlynlw Lq}o`yly !IA@v/Iy`zvly Alo}ly @iklfwv % ` glBeylb`q/ env}lffen gl rlnwdndv dielywdv/ GGL/ enwlybdflv F@C @OL/ l envwdodfen glf`nwyòdg`ylv ln lo vevwlcd.

ER Fc` o`jydn o`v wyùdn`v yìdy odv fylglnfedolv idnfdyedv0

O`v cw`g`v t|l vl adn fewdg` f`n dnwlye`yegdg }dyd c`new`ye{dy lnwegdglv/ ln odcdu`yd gl o`v fdv`v/ wdcien veyrln }dyd fd}w|ydy gdw`v idnfdye`v. Vl v|lol adfly |ndfodvebefdfen cv v`clyd gl o`v wyùdn`v ln b|nfen gl od wfnefd lc}oldgd }dyd fd}w|ydyo`v gdw`v gl o`v |v|dye`v. vwdv v`n odv cv f`c|nlv;

Yljevwy` gl wlfodv }|ovdgdv

Fd}w|yd gl b`yc|odye`v Fd}w|ydv gl }dnwdood u jydidfen gl regl`

Enulffen gl fdc}`v gl b`yc|odye` byd|g|olnw`v

Enulffen gl }jendv byd|g|olnwdv

Ylgeylffen gl }jendv idnfdyedv

A`ciyl#ln#lo#clge` !cdn#en#wal#ceggol%Yljevwy` gl wlfodv }|ovdgdv

Lvwd b|nfe`ndoegdg ydgefd ln o`v hluo`jjlyv/ f|u` ìklwer` lv lo yì` gl f`nwydvldv/enwlyfl}wdy f`nrlyvdfe`nlv gl clnvdklyd envwdnwnld ` f`yyl`v lolfwynef`v lvfyew`v uw`cdy gdw`v gl loo`v/ lwf. O`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v adn f`ciendg` lvwdv wfnefdv f`ncw`g`v gl c`new`ye{dfen gl lnwegdglv/ }dyd beowydy enb`ycdfen n` enwlylvdnwl/ ufd}w|ydy w`gdv odv }|ovdfe`nlv ln }jendv idnfdyedv f`nfylwdv. Lvwl fdv` n` lv |ncw`g` c|u lblfwer`/ }|lv od cdu`yd gl o`v idnf`v welnln doj|nd fylglnfedo t|l ad glenwy`g|feyvl d wydrv gl |n clge` dowlyndwer` do wlfodg`. Dglcv/ ve |n |v|dye` vllt|er`fd u i`yyd/ u yllvfyeil gl n|lr` v| f`nwydvld/ lvw` gebef|owd od gevfyecendfen glod fylglnfedo f`yylfwd.

Lvwl }y`flgecelnw` gl yì` v|lol |vdyvl ln f`ciendfen f`n `wydv wfnefdv/ }`y o` t|lv| }loejy`vegdg lv ej|doclnwl dowd.

Fd}w|yd gl b`yc|odye`v

Lo yljevwy` gl wlfodv }|ovdgdv n` lv |nd b`ycd c|u lbefelnwl gl fd}w|ydy fylglnfedolvidnfdyedv. Ve |n fgej` cdoefe`v` fd}w|yd w`gdv odv wlfodv }|ovdgdv ven d}oefdy nenjn we}`gl beowy`/ }yìdiolclnwl lo dwdfdnwl vl lnf|lnwyl f`n c|owew|g gl gdw`v ven nenj|nd



5/13

lvwy|fw|yd enwloejeiol. Lv }`y lvwd yd{n t|l o`v fyldg`ylv gl cdozdyl adn }dvdg` dfd}w|ydy b`yc|odye`v gl idnfd.

Od rlnwdkd gl lvwl cw`g` lv t|l beowyd u lvwy|fw|yd clk`y o`v gdw`v fd}w|ydg`v/ do cevc`welc}` t|l lo yì` gl enb`ycdfen vej|l velng` }ylre` d od lnfye}wdfen/ t|l vl v|lol}y`g|fey }dyd lnredy o`v gdw`v/ velng` }`veiol ylf`jly vw`v ln |n b`ycdw` vlnfeoo` glwlqw` }odn`.

Eo|vwydfen 9; Lklc}o` gl gdw`v ylf`jeg`v }`y |n fd}w|ydg`y gl b`yc|odye`v t|l dglcvenulfwd |nd }jend byd|g|olnwd vòefewdng` felyw`v fdc}`v gl od wdyklwd gl f``yglndgdv

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Fd}w|ydv gl }dnwdood u jydidfen gl rgl`

Ln c|fadv `fdve`nlv odv }jendv gl enefe` gl vlven gl |v|dye`v/ ln odv zli gl idnfdlolfwynefd/ enfo|uln wlfodg`v reyw|dolv !wlfodg`v ln }dnwdood%/ f`n lo ben gl lrewdy t|l vl

yljevwyln odv wlfodv }|ovdgdv ` t|l vl fd}w|yln odv fylglnfedolv glo b`yc|odye`/ ve vl`b|vfdn }lywenlnwlclnwl o`v gdw`v enwy`g|feg`v ln lo wlfodg` reyw|do. F`n lo ben gl vdowdyvllvwd fd}d gl vlj|yegdg/ o`v fyldg`ylv gl wyùdn`v idnfdye`v adn df|geg` d wfnefdvylodfe`ndgdv f`n od fd}w|yd gl }dnwdood.

O` t|l vl v|lol adfly lv fd}w|ydy od }dnwdood fdgd rl{ t|l vl }lyfeil |nd }|ovdfen glydwn ln |nd }jend gl idnfd lolfwynefd/ lv glfey/ w`cdy |nd ecdjln gl od }dnwdood t|llo |v|dye` lvw relng` ln lo c`new`y ln lo c`clnw` gl dfflgly d v| idnf` ln onld.]|lvw` t|l lnredy fd}w|ydv gl }dnwdood f`c}olwdv adfed lo dwdfdnwl vlyd idvwdnwl

}lvdg`/ gdg` lo jydn wdcd` ln cljdiuwlv gl odv ecjlnlv gejewdolv t|l vl f`c}`nlndo adfly od fd}w|yd/ lvwl we}` gl cdozdyl n`ycdoclnwl fd}w|yd nefdclnwl lnw`yn`v gloo|jdy g`ngl vl }y`g|k` od }|ovdfen gl ydwn.

T| v`n u fc` b|nfe`ndn o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v ]jend < gl 46 @ivlyrdw`ye` gl od Vlj|yegdg gl od Enb`ycdfen


6/13

Ln od Eo|vwydfen 6vl }|lgl ìvlyrdy |n wlfodg` reyw|do w}ef` gl |nd }jend gld|wlnwefdfen }dyd idnfd lolfwynefd u d v| glylfad od fd}w|yd gl o`v gdw`v gl enefe` glvlven t|l yldoe{d |n wyùdn` idnfdye` t|l dblfwd d |n `yglndg`y t|l wydwd gl dfflgly dlvwd lnwegdg.

Eo|vwydfen 6; Lklc}o` gl gdw`v ylf`jeg`v }`y |n fd}w|ydg`y gl b`yc|odye`v t|l dglcvenulfwd |nd }jend byd|g|olnwd vòefewdng` felyw`v fdc}`v gl od wdyklwd gl f``yglndgdv

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Ln revwd gl lvwd dclnd{d/ c|fadv lnwegdglv idnfdyedv adn glfegeg` ec}olclnwdycw`g`v }dyd fdciedy o`v ncly`v t|l d}dylfln ln od }dnwdood/ do vly enwy`g|feg`v ln o`vfdc}`v gl gdw`v }dyd lo dfflv` glo |v|dye`/ }`y dvwlyevf`v/ ln lo c`clnw` gl }|ovdy loydwn. Dnwl lvw` o`v glvdyyòodg`ylv gl fgej`v cdoefe`v`v adn `}wdg` }`y `wy`v cw`g`vgl yì` wdolv f`c` jydidy |n }lt|l` rgl` gl w`g` lo }y`flv` glo enefe` gl vlven udfflv` glo |v|dye`.

Enulffen gl fdc}`v gl b`yc|odye` byd|g|olnw`v

Lqevwln cw`g`v gl dfflv` u d|wlnwefdfen gl |v|dye`v drdn{dg`v aù ln gd/ }dydyldoe{dy wydnvdffe`nlv lf`ncefdv/ f`c` }`y lklc}o` odv wdyklwdv gl f``yglndgdv. D gdgl aù/ lv en|v|do od lnwegdg bendnfelyd t|l n` welnl dojn we}` gl wdyklwd gl f``yglndgdv` fodrl vlf|ngdyed f`n lo ben gl yldoe{dy wydnvblylnfedv idnfdyedv | `wy` we}` glwydnvdffe`nlv. Ven lvwd enb`ycdfen/ d o` cqec` t|l }`gyd ooljdy |n dwdfdnwl/ lv df`n`fly |nd vlyel gl gdw`v wdolv f`c`; gdw`v gl odv wdyklwdv gl fygew`/ n|lvwy`v gdw`v}lyv`ndolv u gl |v|dye`/ lo vdog` gl odv f|lnwdv/ o`v yljevwy`v u c`recelnw`v gl odvf|lnwdv/ lwf. }ly` n|nfd d }ly}lwydy |n yì`/ lv glfey/ }`gly yldoe{dy |nd wydnvdffen

}dyd wydv}dvdy b`ng`v glvgl n|lvwyd f|lnwd d `wyd t|l lvw idk` lo f`nwyò glo dwdfdnwl.



7/13

Doj|n`v idnf`v welnln wdyklwdv gl f``yglndgdv f`n 4== fdveoodv gevwenwdv. ]dyd }`glywlnly od wdyklwd gl f``yglndgdv do f`c}olw`/ lo wyùdn` glilyd lv}edy 4== wydnvblylnfedvu t|l fdgd |nd w|relyd |n` gl o`v 4== gdw`v gl od wdyklwd. Lvw` lv glcdvedg` welc}` }dydodv idngdv gl fyecln lolfwynef` t|l/ }dyd dflolydy lo }y`flv`/ d rlflv glfegln adflyenulffe`nlv dgefe`ndolv gl fdc}`v ln lo b`yc|odye` oljwec` gl idnfd gl |nd lnwegdg ufd}w|ydy dv odv fylglnfedolv drdn{dgdv gl idnfd. Lvw` v|}`nl clwly fdc}`v ln od}jend zli t|l/ d vec}ol revwd glo |v|dye`/ vl enwljydn }lyblfwdclnwl u adfln v|}`nlyt|l od }y`}ed lnwegdg idnfdyed lv od t|l n`v lvw ylt|eyelng` o`v gdw`v }dyd lo dfflv`.

Eo|vwydfen 7; Lklc}o` gl enulffen gl |n fdc}` gl b`yc|odye` byd|g|olnw` ln od }jendoljwecd gl |nd lnwegdg idnfdyed

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

F`n od enulffen }ylvlnwdgd ln odEo|vwydfen 7/ |n |v|dye` }`f` fd|wlo`v` enwy`g|feyd v|fodrl gl beycd !ln lo lklc}o` glo odg` glylfa` lv lo fdc}` k|vw` lnfecd glo i`wn gllnwydy%/ dn ven wlnly enwlnfen gl yldoe{dy |nd wydnvblylnfed. Gl lvwd b`ycd/ d|nt|l lo|v|dye` kdcv oolj|l d yldoe{dy |nd wydnvblylnfed/ lo dwdfdnwl wlngy o`v gdw`v nlflvdye`v}dyd oolrdy d fdi` v| dwdt|l.

Nwlvl t|l ln lvw`v fdv`v lo flywebefdg` gl vlj|yegdg gl od }jend vej|l velng` looljwec` gl od lnwegdg/ lo byd|gl vl }y`g|fl ln lo nerlo gl d}oefdfen/ }ylre` febydg` gl odf`nlqen.

Enulffen gl }jendv byd|g|olnwdv

Vl wydwd gl |n cw`g` dno`j` do dnwlye`y8 od nefd geblylnfed lv t|l ln lvwd `fdven vlenulfwdn }jendv f`c}olwdv ln od vlven gl idnfd. Lo ndrljdg`y vej|l c`vwydng` loflywebefdg` gl vlj|yegdg oljwec` gl od lnwegdg/ n` ìvwdnwl/ od }jend t|l vl rl lv bdovd/

n` lv od gl od }y`}ed lnwegdg.

T| v`n u fc` b|nfe`ndn o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v ]jend : gl 46 @ivlyrdw`ye` gl od Vlj|yegdg gl od Enb`ycdfen


8/13

Lvwd }jend bdovd v|lol }lgey w`g`v/ ` fdve w`g`v/ o`v fdc}`v gl od wdyklwd glf``yglndgdv/ ` f|dot|ely `wyd fodrl vlf|ngdyed }dyd yldoe{dy wydnvblylnfedv t|l }|gelydylt|lyeyvl.

Eo|vwydfen


9/13

Ln fdgd `yglndg`y adu |n befaly` ln lo t|l vl docdflnd |nd }lt|ld wdiod f`nn`ciylv gl vlyreg`ylv u geylffe`nlv E]/ gl cdnlyd t|l n` adjd bdowd dfflgly d o`v GNV}dyd glwlycendg`v n`ciylv gl vlyreg`y/ ` enfo|v` }dyd lrewdyo`. O`v wyùdn`v cln`vv`bevwefdg`v vec}olclnwl c`gebefdn gefa` dyfaer` o`fdo }dyd }ly}lwydy lo }adycenj. N`ìvwdnwl/ lqevwln `wy`v cw`g`v cv drdn{dg`v f`c` dwdfdy do }y`}e` lny|wdg`y gl odrfwecd ` ylgeyejey w`g` v| wybef` zli adfed |n vlyreg`y }y`qu t|l yldoefl |nd ylgeylffenadfed |n vlyreg`y byd|g|olnw` do vòefewdy felywdv }jendv idnfdyedv oljwecdv.

Eo|vwydfen 2; ]adycenj gl ENWLF@ adfed od }jend glo Cenevwlye` gl Lg|fdfen clgednwl odc`gebefdfen glo dyfaer` a`vwv ln Zeng`zv

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

R T| v|flgl f`n o`v gdw`v yìdg`v0

\nd rl{ fd}w|ydg`v o`v gdw`v gl idnfd lolfwynefd/ vw`v adn gl }dvdy d cdn`v gl o`vdwdfdnwlv }dyd }`gly }ly}lwydy lo yì`. F|dng` vl lc}old lo }aevaenj ` lo }adycenj/vly lo }y`}e` vlyreg`y byd|g|olnw`/ t|l f`nwelnl odv ecewdfe`nlv gl odv }jendv gl idnfdoljwecdv/ lo t|l dndoe{d u wydwd o`v gdw`v/ }`vwlye`yclnwl o`v j|dygd ln lo }y`}e``yglndg`y ` o`v lnrd d |n wlyfly lt|e}`. ]ly`/ t| v|flgl f|dng` o`v gdw`v vlfd}w|ydn clgednwl f|dot|elyd gl o`v wy`v cw`g`v0

Lo wyùdn` ad gl lnredy lvw`v gdw`v advwd lo dwdfdnwl/ }dyd t|l }|lgd |weoe{dyo`v. ]dydadflyo`/ odv wfnefdv cv adiew|dolv v`n;



10/13

T| v`n u fc` b|nfe`ndn o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v ]jend 4= gl 46 @ivlyrdw`ye` gl od Vlj|yegdg gl od Enb`ycdfen

Lnr` clgednwl }lwefe`nlv AWW] ]@VW u JLW; vl wydwd gl |weoe{dy lo cevc`}y`w`fò6 t|l lc}old f|dot|ely |v|dye` }dyd vòefewdy u }`gly rly odv }jendv glEnwlynlw.

F`nlqen d |n vlyreg`y VCW]/ u fyldfen gl |n clnvdkl gl f`yyl` lolfwynef`f`n o`v gdw`v yìdg`v t|l vl lnrd d |nd f|lnwd f`nwyòdgd }`y lo dwdfdnwl.

Dfflv` d |n vlyreg`y BW] ln }`vlven glo dwdfdnwl/ u lnr` d lvl ylfe}elnwl gl|nd f`}ed glo dyfaer` t|l f`nwelnl o`v gdw`v yìdg`v do `yglndg`y g`cvwef`.

Wdcien vl lc}oldn f`nlqe`nlv EYF/ }dyd gl}`vewdy o`v gdw`v yìdg`v ln |nfdndo gl fadw/ lv}lfedoclnwl reveiol ln lo fdv` gl odv i`wnlwv7/ d|nt|l

owecdclnwl o`v vevwlcdv gl lnr` gl gefa`v gdw`v yìdg`v lvwn lrò|fe`ndngàdfed lo lnr` clgednwl }y`w`fò` AWW].

Dglcv/ f`n lo ben gl olrdnwdy cln`v v`v}lfadv/ o`v gdw`v yìdg`v v|loln febydyvl dnwlvgl v| lnr` do dwdfdnwl8 dv/ f|dot|elyd t|l c`new`yefl lo wybef` glwlfwdyf`c|nefdfe`nlv lqwyddv }ly` n` vly fd}d{ gl rly od enb`ycdfen yìdgd.

Eo|vwydfen :; Lnr` gl gdw`v yìdg`v gl cdnlyd febydgd lc}oldng` lo }y`w`fò` AWW]

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Ln o`v owec`v clvlv vl lvw adfelng` adiew|do lnwyl o`v fyecendolv lo lc}ol` gld|wnwef`v }`ywdolv Zli }dyd od ylf`jegd gl o`v gdw`v yìdg`v u fyldg`v lqfo|verdclnwl}dyd lvl ben. Lvw`v }`ywdolv f`nwelnln |nd idvl gl gdw`v u f`nk|nw` gl vfye}wv !fgej`v

6 F`nk|nw` gl yljodv ojefdv u gl }y`jydcdfen t|l |vdn odv f`c}|wdg`ydv d|w`cwefdclnwl }dyd f`c|nefdyvl lnwyl loodv/}`y lklc}o` }dyd f`nlfwdy |n lt|e}` g`cvwef` d Enwlynlw u }`gly rly |nd }jend Zli/ t|l ylvegl ln `wy` f`c}|wdg`y `vlyreg`y.

7 Lvwdv ylglv v`n f`nk|nw`v gl `yglndg`ylv t|l adn veg` enblfwdg`v f`n |n we}` gl v`bwzdyl cdoefe`v`/ f`n b|nfe`ndoegdggl }|lywd wydvlyd !idfhg``y%/ t|l }lycewl do dwdfdnwl f`nwyòdy gefadv cdt|endv ven wlnly dfflv` bvef` d loodv u ven lof`n`fecelnw` glo }y`}elwdye`/ u t|l o`v |weoe{dy f`c` d|wnwef`v yì`wv !gl da lo `yejln gl od }dodiyd; yÌ`w ( nlw%. Lvw`|neg` d v| idk` f`vwl u d od jydn rdyelgdg gl b`ycdv gl lq}o`wdfen o` f`nrelywln ln |n` gl o`v cw`g`v gl dffe`nlveoljewecdv ` eoljdolv cv ec}`ywdnwlv ln od ylg


11/13


gl }y`jydcdfen% t|l }y`flvdn o`v gdw`v u o`v adfln dfflveiolv clgednwl |nd vlnfeoodenwlybd{ jybefd/ g`ngl f|dot|ely |v|dye` enlq}lyw` }|lgl yldoe{dy ivt|lgdv }`y }dvlv/lnwegdglv/ blfad gl fd}w|yd/ lwf.

Vl wydwd gl }dnlolv gl f`nwyò t|l/ ln c|fadv `fdve`nlv/ }lycewln do dwdfdnwl dvejndywdyldv d o`v `yglndg`ylv enblfwdg`v/ t|l rdn glvgl d}djdy lo }y`}e` lt|e}`/ advwd |ndwdt|l cdver` }dyd f`nvlj|ey |nd glnljdfen gl vlyrefe` !GG`V% < l enfo|v` |weoe{dy lvdvct|endv }dyd do`kdy }aevaenj gevwyei|ey cdozdyl.

Lv enwlylvdnwl fewdy o`v fdv`v gl }aevaenj t|l vl enwlnwdn `f|owdy adfelng` |v` gl odi`wnlwv/ gl vwd b`ycd vl }|lgl glfey t|l o`v lt|e}`v enblfwdg`v }`y fgej`v cdoefe`v`v}dvdydn d vly }y`qelv lnf|ielyw`v2/ gl cdnlyd t|l lo }aevaenj }dvdyd gl ylvòrly gl

|nd E] d `wyd ln f|lvwen gl }`f`v vlj|ng`v. ]dyd vò|fe`ndy lvwl we}` gl fdv`v/ adiydt|l yldoe{dy |n io`t|l` glo g`cene` enrò|fydg`. vwd wfnefd lv gln`cendgd Bdvw Bo|q.

Eo|vwydfen 1; Lklc}o` gl ylvò|fen GNV gl |n g`cene` byd|g|olnw` |weoe{dng` od wfnefd glBdvw Bo|q

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Dglcv/ od bdfeoegdg gl |v` gl lvw`v vevwlcdv gl jlvwen gl gdw`v fd}w|ydg`v }lycewl dofyldg`y glo wyùdn` dot|eody lo }`ywdo }`y glwlycendg`v }lye`g`v gl welc}` d wlyfly`v/ u

< Vl lnwelngl f`c` glnljdfen gl vlyrefe`/ ln wycen`v gl vlj|yegdg enb`ycwefd/ d |n f`nk|nw` gl wfnefdv t|l welnln }`yìklwer` glkdy |n vlyreg`y en`}lydwer`. Clgednwl lvwl we}` gl dwdt|lv vl i|vfd vìylfdyjdy |n vlyreg`y u gl lvwd b`ycd n`}lycewey t|l v|v oljwec`v |v|dye`v }|lgdn |weoe{dy o`v vlyrefe`v }`y }ylvwdg`v }`y lo }y`}e` vlyreg`y.

2 \n }y`qel lv |n }y`jydcd ` adygzdyl !lt|e}`% t|l/ }`y o` jlnlydo/ veyrl }dyd gdy dfflv` d Enwlnlw d `wy`v lt|e}`v. Ln lofdv` f`nfylw` t|l n`v `f|}d f`nvevwl ln t|l |n lt|e}` g`cvwef`/ t|l }`y clge` glo fgej` cdoefe`v` t|l o` enblfwd/ vlf`nrelywl ln vlyreg`y gl `wy`v lt|e}`v.


12/13

n` wlnly t|l vly o cevc` lo ylv}`nvdiol/ owec` gl o`v yì`v t|l vl }y`g|{fdn f`n o`vlt|e}`v enblfwdg`v.

RE Fc` vl cdwlyedoe{d bendoclnwl lo yì`0\nd rl{ lo dwdfdnwl f|lnwd f`n odv fylglnfedolv u gdw`v gl dfflv` d odv f|lnwdvidnfdyedv/ lo dwdfdnwl welnl t|l lqwydly lo genly` gl odv f|lnwdv.

]dyd `f|owdy v| eglnwegdg/ o`v dwdfdnwlv wydgefe`ndoclnwl adn ylf|yyeg` d od bej|yd gl o`vc|oly`v. Lvw`v c|oly`v v`n engereg|`v t|l/ }lnvdng` t|l lvwn yldoe{dng` |n wydidk`w`wdoclnwl oljdo u }`y |nd felywd fdnwegdg gl genly`/ dfwdn ven loo`v vdilyo` f`c`}dvdylod ln wydnvdffe`nlv idnfdyedv gl g|g`vd ndw|ydol{d/ u t|l do bendo vl adflnylv}`nvdiolv glo byd|gl f`clweg` do dfw|dy gl }dnwdoodv glo gloenf|lnwl. Adu t|lglvwdfdy n|lrdclnwl t|l lvw`v c|oly`v v`n |v|dye`v n`ycdolv/ t|l dfwdn gl i|lnd bl/}lnvdng` t|l yldoe{dn |n wydidk` ylc|nlydg` }dyd |nd lc}ylvd ` |n wlyfly`/ u t|ln`ycdoclnwl v`n fd}wdg`v }dyd yldoe{dy lvwdv `}lydfe`nlv clgednwl `blywdv gl wydidk`bdovdv }`y Enwlynlw.

Lo vevwlcd gl wydnvblylnfedv }dyd lo yì` b|nfe`nd glo vej|elnwl c`g`; o`v dwdfdnwlv vlenwy`g|fln ln od f|lnwd glo |v|dye` glo t|l welnln o`v gdw`v/ f`n odv fylglnfedolvyìdgdv/ u yldoe{dn |nd wydnvdffen d |nd f|lnwd t|l }ylredclnwl ad dielyw` lo c|oly`/f`n v| }y`}ed wew|odyegdg/ ylfdofdng` gl n|lr` t|l ven f`n`fly t|l lvw f`clwelng` |n

gloew`. \nd rl{ t|l lo feilyfyecendo lnrd lo genly`/ glvgl od f|lnwd idnfdyed glo |v|dye`do t|l ad yìdg` o`v gdw`v/ do c|oly`/ vwl lqwydl lo genly` gl v| f|lnwd u yldoe{d odlnwyljd glo cevc` do dwdfdnwl ` d |n gloljdg` gl lvwl/ ieln ln cdn` `/ cvadiew|doclnwl/ d wydrv gl wydnvdffe`nlv adfed f|lnwdv ln lo lqwydnkly` t|l }lywlnlflndo gloenf|lnwl u t|l n` glkdn nenjn yljevwy`. ]`y o` jlnlydo/ ln lvwl we}` gl lvwdbdv/ loc|oly` lv od nefd eglnwegdg reveiol/ u ln lo clk`y gl o`v fdv`v vwl vlyd fd}d{ gleglnwebefdy do dwdfdnwl t|l ol f`nwydw }dyd yldoe{dy gefa`v vlyrefe`v u lnredy odvwydnvblylnfedv.

Lo c`glo` vl }|lgl f`c}oefdy/ ylf|yyelng` d gerlyv`v c|oly`v enwlyclge`v t|l rdnwydnvbeyelng` lo genly` lnwyl v|v f|lnwdv advwd t|l bendoclnwl vl ooljd d |n owec` }|nw`ln lo t|l vl wydnvbelyl lo genly` do dwdfdnwl.

@wy` gl o`v vlyrefe`v cv |weoe{dg`v }`y o`v dwdfdnwlv }dyd adflyvl bendoclnwl f`n logenly` lv d wydrv gl o`v vlyrefe`v gl wydnvblylnfed d fdkly`. Lo c|oly` }|lgl `yglndy |ndwydnvblylnfed geylfwd d |n fdkly`/ d od f|do vl ol dvejnd |n fgej`. Gl lvwl c`g`/f|dot|ely |v|dye` !lo dwdfdnwl% ln }`vlven gl gefa` fgej`/ }|lgl df|gey d |n fdkly` uylweydy lo genly` ln clwoef` gl od wydnvdffen. Lo dwdfdnwl wdn vo` ad gl f`nlfwdyvl dolv}dfe` gl idnfd |v|y}dng` od eglnwegdg gl v| g|l` f`n odv fylglnfedolv t|l adyìdg`/ yldoe{dy lvwl we}` gl wydnvdffen l ey d |n fdkly` d ylweydy lo genly`.



13/13

T| v`n u fc` b|nfe`ndn o`v wyùdn`v idnfdye`v ]jend 46 gl 46

Lreglnwlclnwl/ d clgegd t|l odv d|w`yegdglv u b|ly{dv gl vlj|yegdg f`celn{dn ddndoe{dy u }lyvlj|ey lvwl we}` gl byd|glv/ o`v dwdfdnwlv rdn ylbendng` v|v wfnefdv. @wy`cw`g` idvwdnwl enjlne`v`/ }dyd ylf`jly lo genly` lqwydg` gl odv f|lnwdv gl odv t|l vlwelnln o`v gdw`v/ f`nvevwl ln c`nwdy |n fdven` ln onld. F`n odv wdyklwdv gl fygew` uf|lnwdv yìdgdv lo dwdfdnwl df|gey do fdven` fyldg` }`y o cevc` u k|jdy f`n lo}y`}vew` gl }lygly w`g` lo genly` t|l adu ln gefadv f|lnwdv. Lvwdv }ygegdv yldoclnwlvlyn jdndnfedv }dyd v| fdven`/ gl g`ngl }`gy lqwydly w`g` lo genly` ven glcdvedgdvv`v}lfadv oljdolv. Lvw` vl }|lgl adfly ej|doclnwl fyldng` fdvdv gl d}|lvwdv bdovdv lnonld u vec|odng` `wy`v vlyrefe`v t|l `bylfl od Ylg.

Eo|vwydfen 5; Lklc}o` gl }dnlo gl f`nwyò gl wyùdn` idnfdye`. Lv}dfe` gl f`nbej|ydfen glenulffe`nlv AWCO d yldoe{dy

B|lnwl; ENWLF@

Lo }dnlo gl f`nwyò t|l vl c|lvwyd ln od Eo|vwydfen 5 lv lv}lfedoclnwl enwlylvdnwl}`yt|l ylrlod |n cw`g` c|u n`rlg`v` }dyd }ly}lwydy lo yì`. Ve n`v bekdc`v ln odv}lvwddv glo cln gl f`nwyò ìvlyrdylc`v |nd wew|odgd D|w`wydnvblyv. Lo dwdfdnwl}|lgl f`nbej|ydy v| wyùdn` }dyd t|l yldoefl wydnvblylnfedv gl b`ycd d|w`cwefd f|dng`|n |v|dye` oljwec` dfflgl d v| f|lnwd. Od rfwecd }y`flgly d yldoe{dy |nd wydnvblylnfedd |nd f|lnwd gl glvwen` u oljwecd gl v| lolffen/ }ly` lo wyùdn` enwlyfl}wdy lvwdvòefew|g u c`gebefdy od f|lnwd glvwen`/ d }lvdy gl vlj|ey c`vwyngòl }`y }dnwdood do|v|dye` od f|lnwd glvldgd/ lo |v|dye` }y`flgly d envlywdy v|v fylglnfedolv }dyd odyldoe{dfen gl wydnvblylnfedv u adiy lnredg` geylfwdclnwl v| genly` do dwdfdnwl. Dv/ dw`g`v o`v lblfw`v/ lv od }y`}ed rfwecd od t|l yldoe{d od wydnvblylnfed/ n` adu c|oly`venrò|fydg`v ne nlflvegdg gl dfflv` d od f|lnwd glvgl `wy` `yglndg`y.

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