quasimosaic crystals yu.m.ivanov. elastic quasimosaic (sumbaev) effect studied by sumbaev in 1957...
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Quasimosaic crystals
Yu.M.Ivanov
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Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect
• Studied by Sumbaev in 1957
• Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks from bent quartz plates
• Caused by bending of the reflecting atomic planes (initially flat and normal to large faces of plate) due to crystal anisotropy
• Depends on choice of
crystallographic plane and orientation angle of plate cutting relative to a normal to the chosen crystallographic plane
Figure from article: O.I.Sumbaev, Reflection of gamma-rays from bent quartz plates, Sov. JETP 32(1957)1276
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Quasimosaic effect in silicon
• Calculations of deformed crystal plate done by V.M.Samsonov (Preprint No. 278, LIYaF AN SSSR, 1976).
– Resulted in predictions of elastic quasimosaic effect for some other quartz and silicon plate orientations
– Large elastic quasimosaicity for (011) plane of silicon predicted
• Zero result in the first experiments in 1999
• New calculations using Samsonov approach and new measurements:
- (111) plane, not (011) - published in JETP Letters 81, 99, 2005
Figure from article: V.M.Samsonov and E.G.Lapin, On some possibilities and pequliarities of a curved crystal use in crystal diffraction instruments, Preprint No. 587, LIYaF AN SSSR, 1980
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Elastic quasimosaic in dependence on cut angle for Si
(111) plane
T – thickness of plate
k9 – deformation coefficient
= 2k9 T , where
Plate bending radius R = 1 m
( formula taken from V.M.Samsonov, E.G.Lapin, Preprint No. 587, LIYaF AN SSSR, 1980 )
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Silicon cuts
Cut without quasimosaic
Cut with quasimosaic
Oriented ingot
φ
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Rocking curves for Si plate with quasimosaic
before and after bending.
Quasimosaic effect in Si with X-rays
Rocking curves for Si plate without
quasimosaic before and after bending.
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Shape of bent Si plate with elastic quasimosaic
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Bending device
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First quasimosaic silicon crystal prepared in 2002 for channeling experiment with 70 GeV protons
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Layout of experiment at IHEP in April, 2002
Crystal 1Magnets
Crystal 2
Emulsion 1
S1
S2 S3
Background
Channeled_1
30 m
35 m 4.6 m
Collimator
1.3 m
Emulsion 2
Channeled_2
70 GeVp-beam
5 m
R=3 m
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Profile of 70 GeV proton beam passed through the crystal measured with emulsion: superposition of channeling and volume reflection effects
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Explanation of the observed picture on emulsions
Proton trajectories crossing the crystal and emulsions in horizontal plane (top view)
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Samples 0.3 mm and 2.7 mm with ~0.4 mrad bending angle
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Sample 10 mm with ~100 μrad bending angle
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Crystals for experiment on extraction of high entensive proton
beam at IHEP
Plane (111)
Length along beam 2.65 mm
Bending angle 400 μrad
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Crystal station at IHEP ring
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Crystal mounted on station
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Result
Beam in the U-70 ring 5.5∙1012 p
Intensity of extracted beam 4.0∙1012 p
Efficiency 70%
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Experiment on observation of volume reflection effect with 1 GeV protons
at PNPI, Gatchina
Beam divergence ~ 160 μrad
Beam size ~ 0.8 mm
Critical angle for channeling ~ 170 μrad
Crystal length along beam ~ 30 μm
Bend angle of (111) planes ~ 380 μrad
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One of unsuccessful attempts to bend a 30 μm crystal on 20 mm
radius
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Bent crystals in bending devices
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Check of crystal shape with laser
~1
m
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Measurement of bending angle with X-rays
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Collimator
Crystal mounted on goniometer
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Horizontal profiles of the p-beam vs. crystal angle measured with
PPC
p-beam
reflection
channeling
p-beamCry
sta
l an
gle
, ste
p 6
2.5
μra
d
Channel number, step 200m
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Channeling experiment with 400 GeV protons
H8 beam line
FAR_DETECTOR areaCRYSTAL area
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QM2
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QM2
2 4 6 8 10 120
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Position, mm
Cry
stal
ang
le, m
krad
Crystal QM2
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QM2
Channeling angle (68.2 0.4) μrad
Volume reflection deflection (12.7 0.6) μrad
Volume capture ε (1.8 0.7) %
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QM1
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QM1
2 4 6 8 10 120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Position, mm
Cry
stal
ang
le, m
krad
Crystal QM1
![Page 32: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
QM1
Channeling angle (77.0 0.4) μrad
Volume reflection deflection (11.6 0.8) μrad
Volume capture ε (2.6 0.8) %
![Page 33: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
QM2+QM1
![Page 34: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
QM2+QM1
2 4 6 8 10 120
50
100
150
Position, mm
Cry
stal
ang
le, m
krad
Crystal QM1-QM2
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QM2+QM1
Channeling angle
Volume reflection deflection (23.4 0.7) μrad
Volume capture ε (5 1) %
![Page 36: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
QM3
![Page 37: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
QM3
2 4 6 8 10 120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Position, mm
Cry
stal
ang
le, m
krad
Crystal QM3
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QM3
Channeling angle (72.7 0.8) μrad
Volume reflection deflection (11.9 0.7) μrad
Volume capture ε (5 1) %
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QM4
![Page 40: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
QM4
2 4 6 8 10 120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Position, mm
Cry
stal
ang
le, m
krad
Crystal QM4
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QM4
Channeling angle (120.0 0.4) μrad
Volume reflection deflection (12.7 0.5) μrad
Volume capture ε (4.4 0.7) %
![Page 42: Quasimosaic crystals Yu.M.Ivanov. Elastic quasimosaic (Sumbaev) effect Studied by Sumbaev in 1957 Resulted in broadening of gamma-ray diffraction peaks](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eeb5503460f94bfcd59/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Design: sequence of quasimosaic crystals cut from a
single initial plate
p
1 Si plate 0.3 x 30 x 60 mm3
12 Si plates 0.3 x 8 x 14 mm3
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Check of plate wedging with optical goniometer
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Prototype assembly from 5 plates
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
14,85 14,90 14,95 15,00 15,05 15,10 15,15 15,20 15,25
Check with narrow X-ray beam
ΔN
Δθ≈0.017x ΔN μrad
Δθ < 40 μrad
X, mm
N,
coun
ts
ΔX
N1
N2
Δθ
ΔN=N2-N1
ΔX
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Need to provide or to compensate plate wedging
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Realization with evaporation technique
Al-layer of 0.14 μm thickness
Δθ = 0.14 μm / 12 mm = 12 μrad
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Further steps
• to improve prototype assemly for experimental run in May’07 at CERN
• to prepare larger plates and assemble them for experiments at CERN and IHEP in the Fall’07