quantum tech demos on cubesat nanosatellites - cqt... · quantum tech demos on cubesat...
TRANSCRIPT
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Quantum Tech demos on CubeSat nanosatellites
Robert Bedington – Satellite team leaderAlex Ling Group
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Alex Ling - SpooQyLabs
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Singapore and Malta
• Densely populated, small island nations
• British colonies until 1960s
• Red and white flags
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Contents
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• Miniaturised entangled photon sources for CubeSats• Key technologies
• Current and previous missions: SPEQS-CS • results
• Upcoming missions: SpooQySats• challenges
• Future missions• Challenges
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Free-Space Polarisation Entanglement QKD
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Marcikic, I. et al. (2006). Free-space quantum key distribution with entangled photons. Peloso, M. P., et al. (2009). Daylight operation of a free space, entanglement-based quantum key distribution system
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Space based QKD experiments
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CubeSats – Tiny Satellites for a tiny nation.
• CQT is not a space research group• Limited access to Space in Singapore
• Iterative development cycle• Incremental technology demonstrations
• Semi-standardised interfaces make multiple collaborations easier• Space-heritage COTS platforms facilitate DIY satellites
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Small PhotonEntanglingQuantumSystem
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Proving rugged miniaturised sources in space
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Miniaturisation rugged spaceproofanimation?
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Photon pair source
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Type I SPDC with BBO Crystals
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Verifying SPEQS on board
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visibility = ( max - min ) / ( max + min )
Visibility quantifies the quality of the source
Liquid Crystal polarisation rotators
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Uncooled, single photon detectors on board
TECX
• Detection efficiency varies with temperature
• Vary bias voltage to compensate
Cheng, C., et al. (2015). Space qualified nanosatellite electronics platform for photon pair experiments, 1–6.
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Iterative QKD source development
Previous
• Correlated photon sources• 10 x 10 cm (1U) - Hosted by third party CubeSats
Now
• Entangled photon sources• 20 x 10 cm (2U) size – Dedicated CubeSats
Future
• Collaborator-built optical links.• CQT-built QKD sources
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Contents
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• Miniaturised entangled photon sources for CubeSats• Key technologies
• Current and previous missions: SPEQS-CS (correlated sources)• results
• Upcoming missions: SpooQySats• challenges
• Future missions• Challenges
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SPEQS-CS (Correlated source)
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SPEQS – CS specs• 1/3U • < 300g• < 2W
Provided as a black box payload to • GomSpace• NUS engineering dept.
Key challenges• Miniaturisation and robustness• Optical alignment• GM-APD
• Radiation effects• Temperature stability
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Correlated source layout
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1. ONDAX laser diode2. Risley prism pair
5. BBO crystal6. Dichroic
7. Fold mirror8. Dichroic
9, 12. LCPR10, 13. PBS
11,14. GM-APDsT1, T2. Thermistors
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TID – gamma, DD - protons
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Tan, Y. C., et al. (2015). Radiation tolerance of opto-electronic components proposed for space-based quantum key distribution. Journal of Modern Optics, 62(20), 1709–1712.
Tan, Y. C., et al. (2013). Silicon avalanche photodiode operation and lifetime analysis for small satellites. Optics Express, 21(14), 16946
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Space qualification tests• Vacuum test - 10-6 mbar over 24 hours
• -10 C to +40 C ramping up and down 50mins
• sine sweep (5 -100Hz) 2.5g
• random ( 20 - 2000 Hz) 7.4 g rms
Post Vacuum Test
Post Thermal Cycling Test Post Vibration Test
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2012/13 2014 2015
37.5km
GalassiaGomX-2
Correlated source pathfinder missions
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Near Space Demonstration
• Location - Sursee, Switzerland
• Max altitude - 35.5 km
• Max acceleration – 22g
• Temp 0 to 20 deg Celsius
• In collaboration with Sursee Radio club
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SPEQS-CS performance
Z. Tang et. al. “Near-space flight of a correlated photon system”, Scientific Reports, vol. 4, no. 6366, 2014
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2012/13 2014 2015
37.5km
GalassiaGomX-2
Correlated source pathfinder missions
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Post explosion
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April fool paper
“Our results show that while such a device may tolerate launch into orbit, operation in orbit and casual mishandling by graduate students, it is probably unable to survive the forcible disassembly of a launch vehicle at the top of a ball of rapidly expanding and oxidising kerosene and liquid oxygen.”
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GomX-2 recovered!
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Post explosion correlated source performance
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2012/13 2014 2015
37.5km
GalassiaGomX-2
Correlated source pathfinder missions
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Galassia – 2U student-built CubeSat
• Flexure stages
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In-orbit correlated source results
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In-orbit Subsystem performance
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Contents
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• Miniaturised entangled photon sources for CubeSats• Key technologies
• Current and previous missions: SPEQS-CS • results
• Upcoming missions: SpooQySats• challenges
• Future missions• Challenges
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CQT SpooQySat demonstration programme
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GomX platform -capability-driven missions
SpooQy-1First entangled source on aCubeSat. Launch 2018
SpooQy-2High brightness entangled photon source. Launch 2019
• GomX-3 data• UHF radio link• Body solar panels• No pointing
• Components• Training• Assistance
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Technologies demonstating
• Entanglement upgrade• New form factor• New flexure stages• LCPR locking• Thermal controls
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SPEQS-1 Entangled photon source
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1U Layout 2U Layout
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Optimising and maintaining alignment
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Improved flexure stageFlexure stageAlign and glue
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Performance targets
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Bedington, R., et al. (2016). Nanosatellite experiments to enable future space-based QKD missions. EPJ Quantum Technology, 3(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-016-0051-7
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SPEQS-2 High brightness entangled source
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• In development• Demonstrates
• High brightness• Collection lenses• Pinhole baffles• Active quench APDs• Alternative geometries?• Piezo flexures?
• Challenges• Thermal• Stray light• Count rates
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Contents
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• Miniaturised entangled photon sources for CubeSats• Key technologies
• Current and previous missions: SPEQS-CS • results
• Upcoming missions: SpooQySats• challenges
• Future missions• Challenges
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QKD demonstrators with CubeSats?
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Oi, D. K. L. et al. (2016). Nanosatellites for quantum science and technology.
AeroCube-OCSD
Janson & Welle SSC13-II-1
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UNSW:Canberra-led Inter-satellite QKD study
• Separates into 2 x 6U CubeSats in orbit.• QKD performed between the two at
varying separations.
• Launched as one 12U CubeSat (30x20x20cm).
EPS and Battery
OBC/OBDH UHF
Intersatellite Link
ADCS (STR, RWs)
S-Band ant.
Payload and Beacon
GPS
S-Band
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Seeking collaborators!
CQT can provide and fund the entangled sourceWe are seeking:• Space-based, optical transmitters
• Active beam steering • Micro-radian pointing
• Optical ground stations• Alternative scenarios
• Drones, inter-satellite, balloons, ships ….
Also seeking students, post-docs, interns, thermal/mechanical engineers
41More Info: http://www.quantumlah.org/AlexLinggroup