QUALITY OF WATERQUALITY OF WATER

By Abdullah class xiiBy Abdullah class xii

Water Pollution: Many FormsWater Pollution: Many Forms

• Disease: Disease: In developing nations, 80% of diseases In developing nations, 80% of diseases are water-related. are water-related.

• Synthetic Organic CompoundsSynthetic Organic Compounds• Inorganic Compounds & Mineral Substances Inorganic Compounds & Mineral Substances

such as Acids, etc.such as Acids, etc.• Radioactive substancesRadioactive substances• Oxygen-demanding wastesOxygen-demanding wastes• Plant NutrientsPlant Nutrients• SedimentsSediments• Thermal DischargesThermal Discharges

Point SourcesPoint Sources

• Single large sourceSingle large source

• Can localize it to one spotCan localize it to one spot– Industrial PlantsIndustrial Plants

- Sewage pipes- Sewage pipes

Point Source - ExamplePoint Source - Example

• LUST - Leaky Underground Storage LUST - Leaky Underground Storage TanksTanks

• 22% of the 1.2 million UST are LUST22% of the 1.2 million UST are LUST

•Non-point Non-point SourcesSources

Diffuse source or many Diffuse source or many smaller point sourcessmaller point sources

• AutomobilesAutomobiles

• Fertilizer on fieldsFertilizer on fields

Water Pollution: Many FormsWater Pollution: Many Forms

• Disease: Disease: In developing nations, 80% of diseases In developing nations, 80% of diseases are water-related. are water-related.

• Synthetic Organic CompoundsSynthetic Organic Compounds• Inorganic Compounds & Mineral Substances Inorganic Compounds & Mineral Substances

such as Acids, etc.such as Acids, etc.• Radioactive substancesRadioactive substances• Oxygen-demanding wastesOxygen-demanding wastes• Plant NutrientsPlant Nutrients• SedimentsSediments• Thermal DischargesThermal Discharges

Forms of Pollution – DetailsForms of Pollution – Details

• Inorganic – acids, salts, toxic metalsInorganic – acids, salts, toxic metals

• One gram of lead in 20,000 liters of One gram of lead in 20,000 liters of water makes it unfit for drinking. water makes it unfit for drinking. Lead is often found in the pipes of Lead is often found in the pipes of older homesolder homes

• What is the safe drinking water limit What is the safe drinking water limit for arsenic? For lead? How much for arsenic? For lead? How much does UA water supply have?does UA water supply have?

What constitutes quality What constitutes quality drinking water?drinking water?• Free of pollutantsFree of pollutants• Tastes goodTastes good

– Want Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Sulfate in same Want Sodium Bicarbonate and Calcium Sulfate in same concentrations as found in salivaconcentrations as found in saliva

– 10 10 ooCC– As little chlorination as possibleAs little chlorination as possible

• Calcium & magnesium account for most water Calcium & magnesium account for most water hardness, death rates (cardiovascular disease) hardness, death rates (cardiovascular disease) higher in soft water areas than in hard water areashigher in soft water areas than in hard water areas

• Copper needed to absorb & metabolism iron, but Copper needed to absorb & metabolism iron, but >1mg/liter makes water unpalatable>1mg/liter makes water unpalatable

• Does taste correlate with presence of toxic Does taste correlate with presence of toxic compounds?compounds?