quality control method of herbal medicine
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QUALITY CONTROL METHOD OFHERBAL MEDICINE
Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt
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Yang dianalisis
y Simplisia utuh
y Serbuk simplisia
y
Ekstrak simplisia
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SAMPLING
Sample in Bulk
1 batch: 6- 50 unit, sampel yg diambil 5 unit
1 batch > 50 unit, sampel yg diambil 10% paling
mendekati dengan jumlah kelipatan 10
Sample in retail package
Karton ambil sampel pada bagian atas,
tengah, bawahBungkus diambil secara acak menggunakan
tangan dengan kedalaman +/- 10 cm
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y Setelah pengambilan sampel, diamati:
SAMPLING...
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QC OF HERBAL MEDICINE
1. Analisis makroskopik dan mikroskopik
2. Penetapan kadar abu
3. Penetapan bahan terekstraksi
4. Penetapan cemaran mikroba5. Penetapan arsen dan logam toksik
6. Penetapan minyak atsiri
7. Penetapan kadar tanin
8. Penetapan aktivitas hemolisis9. Penetapan indeks busa
10. Penetapan residu pestisida
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Analisis makroskopik
y Petunjuk khusus adalah morfologi dan ciri-ciri
organoleptik. Simplisia dipisah-pisahkan satu
dari lainnya sesuai dengan ciri-ciri morfologis
serta ciri lainnya( bau, warna, ukuran,tekstur)kemudian setiap simplisia ditimbang.
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ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK
y Kualitas obat herbal dapat ditentukan oleh
ada/tidaknya dan jumlah sel tertentu
y Yang biasa diamati secara mikroskopik:
1. Amilum2. Aleuron
3. Sel lemak
4. Minyak
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y Reagen yang digunakan:
1. Kloralhidrat
melarutkan amilum, aleuron, lemak dan
minyak
best reagen for kalsium oksalat (use heat)
2. Laktokloral
sama dgn kloralhidrat tetapi digunakan
dingin
ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...
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y Reagen yang digunakan:
3. Laktofenol
bagus untuk mengamati amilum
dapat digunakan dalam keadaan panas dan
dingin
Ca-oksalat terlihat jelas
4. Na-hipoklorit
5. Xylene R dan petroleum R
ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...
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Deteksi histokimia (dinding sel, stomata)
Paling sering: INDEKS STOMATA
digunakan pada sediaan herbal yg
menggunakan daun
ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...
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a. Anomositik
Ranunculaceae
b. Anisositik
Cruciferaceae
c. DiasitikCaryophyaceae
d. Parasitik
Rubiaceae
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Perhitungan Indeks Stomata
a. Penetapan dilakukan pada 10 pengamatan,
indeks stomata hasil perhitungan adalahindeks stomata rata-rata
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Analisis Mikroskopik lain
1. NISBAH PALISADE ?
2. PULAU TULANG D AUN ?
3. METODE LIKOPODIUM ?
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PENETAPAN KADAR ABU
Metode penetapan kadar abu dibedakan menjadi 3,
yaitu:
1. Kadar abu total
2. Kadar abu larut air 3. Kadar abu larut asam
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PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT
TEREKSTRAKSI
Penetapan jumlah konstituen aktif yang
terekstraksi dalam pelarut
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PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT
TEREKSTRAKSI ...
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PENETAPAN KADAR AIR
Mengapa air perlu diketahui kadarnya?
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mmmm
y X Bbbznnznnnnnn
Metode Distilasi Toluen/Azeotrop
1. Simplisia/jamu yg mengandung 2-3 ml air dimasukkan dalam flask
2. Masukkan porous porcelain,
panaskan
3. Panaskan perlahan 15¶, setelah
mendidih hitung kecepatan 2 -4tetes per detik
4. Setelah air terdestilasi semua, cuci
pendingin dengan toluen (baca
volume air-n)
5. Lanjutkan destilasi 5¶
6. Hasil distilasi didiamkan supayavolume air dan toluen memisah
7. Baca volume air (n1)
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Perhitungan Kadar Air
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y Metode GR AVIMETRI
PENETAPAN KADAR AIR...
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ANALISIS CEMARANLOGAM BERAT
Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt
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PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN
y Prinsip : Menentukan kandungan logam berat
secara spektroskopi serapan atom
y Tujuan : memberi jaminan ekstrak tidak
mengandung logam berat tertentu (Pb, Cd, As)
melebihi nilai yang ditetapkan karena toksik
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PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN
y Batas nilai:
Pb 10 mg/kg
Cd 0,3 mg/kg
As 10 ug /kg
y Efek logam berat
As: astroenteritis,,kelumpuhan,diare
hiperkeratosis,daya reflek menurun
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y Cd :sakit kepala, gangguan saluran
penafasan,gangguan kardiovaskuler,hipertensi
y Pb : anemia,gangguan fungsi tiroid,gangguan
ginjal.
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Lampu katodaLampu katoda
y Pb pada panjang gelombang 217,0 nm
y Cd pada panjang gelombang 228,8 nm
y As pada panjang gelombang 193,7 nm
y (SNI 06-6992.3-2004)
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Pembuatan kurva bakuPembuatan kurva baku
y Baku Pb,Cd,As dibuat dalam beberapa seri
konsetrasi dalam pelarut asam nitrat.
y Baca absorbsinya sesuai panjang gelombang
sesuai jenis logam.
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Preparasi sampelPreparasi sampel
y Ekstrak ditambah asam nitrat dan asam
perklorat pekat , panaskan sampai jernih,
pemanasan dilanjutkan 30 menit.Dinginkan ,
tambah air.
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y Asam nitrat melarutkan logam
y 4HNO3 ----2H2O + 4NO + 3 O2
y 2 Pb + O2 ----2PbO
y PbO + 2H+ +2NO3- -Pb(NO3)2 +H2O
y Menghilangkan kelebihan asam nitrat
y HClO4---HCl + 2O2
y 2HNO3 + O2 ---H2O +N2O3 + 2O2
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Pembuatan kurva bakuPembuatan kurva baku
y Baku Pb,Cd,As dibuat dalam beberapa seri
konsetrasi dalam pelarut asam nitrat.
y Baca absorbansinya sesuai panjang
gelombang sesuai jenis logam.
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y Buat kurva hubungan antara absorbansi
dengan konsentrasi
y Cari persamaan kurva baku
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Pengukuran sampelPengukuran sampel
y Sampel diukur pada panjang gelombang
sesuai jenis logam.
y Absorbansi masukan persamaan kurva baku
sehingga diperoleh kadar logam berat
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T U G A ST U G A S
1. Penetapan cemaran pestisida
2. Penetapan indeks busa
3. Penetapan cemaran mikroba4. Penetapan minyak atsiri
5. Penetapan kadar tanin
6. Penetapan aktivitas hemolisis