quality assurance in world bank- funded photovoltaic projects anil cabraal lead energy specialist...
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Quality Assurance in World Quality Assurance in World Bank-Funded Photovoltaic Bank-Funded Photovoltaic ProjectsProjects
Anil CabraalLead Energy Specialist
Energy and Water DepartmentThe World Bank
Special EventSpecial EventPhotovoltaic for Development – Ensure Photovoltaic for Development – Ensure Highest Quality for Sustainability and Scale Highest Quality for Sustainability and Scale UpUp
21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and ExhibitionConference and ExhibitionMesse Dresden, GermanyMesse Dresden, GermanySeptember 7, 2006September 7, 2006
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OutlineOutline
World Bank PV Project Portfolio
Approaches to Quality Assurance
Lessons Learned
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WBG Photovoltaic ProjectsWBG Photovoltaic Projects
Includes projects completed, under
implementation and preparation
Argentina 30,000Argentina 30,000Bolivia 60,000Bolivia 60,000Ecuador 2,200Ecuador 2,200HondurasHondurasDominican Rep.Dominican Rep.Mexico 1,000Mexico 1,000Mexico 36,000Mexico 36,000Nicaragua 6,000Nicaragua 6,000
Bangladesh 198,000Bangladesh 198,000Cambodia 10,000Cambodia 10,000China 400,000China 400,000India 45,000++India 45,000++Indonesia 8,500Indonesia 8,500Laos 4,000Laos 4,000Mongolia 50,000Mongolia 50,000Pacific Islands 21,000Pacific Islands 21,000Philippines 135,000Philippines 135,000PNG 2,500PNG 2,500Sri Lanka 105,000Sri Lanka 105,000VietnamVietnam
Serving >1,43 million HH + Facilities ~7.5 million persons ~64 MWp 31 Countries Total Value: ~$776 million
Burkina Faso 8,000Burkina Faso 8,000Cape Verde 4,500Cape Verde 4,500Ethiopia 6,300Ethiopia 6,300KenyaKenyaMadagascar 15,000Madagascar 15,000Mali 10,000Mali 10,000MoroccoMoroccoMozambique 9,800Mozambique 9,800Senegal 10,000Senegal 10,000Swaziland 2,000Swaziland 2,000Uganda 90,000Uganda 90,000Tanzania 140,000Tanzania 140,000
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Type of ApplicationsType of Applications
Solar home systems – Dominant application
PV systems for rural enterprises PV systems for schools and
clinics PV water pumping Grid connected PV
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EvolutionEvolution
Many PV projects in 1980s failed, due to a variety of factors, including technical: Component, design, qualified technical support, lack of access to spares, inadequate consumer knowledge, misinformation
World Bank PV investments begin ~1995 Only few technical specifications were available then Projects had to issue project-specific procurement
specifications for components, systems, installation. Other agencies also began addressing this
constraint: By 2001, about 90 different standards! In 1997 Peter Varadi forms PVGAP to bring order to
chaos!
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Ensuring QualityEnsuring Quality
Setting technical product and service standards
Building capacity to meet standards and improve service
R&D for quality improvementTesting center capability strengtheningMonitoring and enforcement
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Adopting StandardsAdopting Standards
To extend possible, use internationally recognized standards – e.g., IEC, PVGAP
Need to address concerns of eligibility of locally made components Must require comparable performance to IEC or PVGAP or
equivalent
Give opportunity to improve performance/quality
Give opportunity for testing and certification at qualified laboratory
Results: No difficulty finding qualified products. But, very limited availability of products with PVGAP mark or seal.
Issue: Certification alone is inadequate quality must be maintained!
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Setting Procurement Setting Procurement Specs:Specs:Guidance to Bank StaffGuidance to Bank Staff
Encourage countries undertaking Bank-assisted PV projects to comply with:
a) Photovoltaic quality labeling programs, e.g., PV GAP
b) International consensus standards – IEC, ISO, or similar from organizations with international standing, or PVRS specifications when international consensus standards not available
c) Conformity Assessment Certificate issued by IECEE-PV; or in the absence of (a), (b) or (c)
d) National-level standards or project-level procurement specification as deemed appropriate by local authorities
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Assuring QualityAssuring Quality
Quality at entry is easier. Quality enforcement is tougher
Other requirements: Warranties, buy-back agreements, performance bonds Require service centers staffed by trained staff and
accessible to consumers, stocked with spare parts Consumer information
Incentives: Strengthening testing & certification center capabilities Assistance in national standards
development/improvement Cost sharing of testing/certification services Technology improvement grants Technical assistance for service improvement and
training
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World Bank Support World Bank Support Examples Examples
Quality Program for Photovoltaics http://www.worldbank.org/astae/qpp/
Setting standards – Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Mozambique, Laos, PVGAP collaboration…
Strengthening PV testing capabilities China PV module and battery testing Indonesia BOS testing
ISO 9000 training for PV/BOS manufacture– India, China, South Africa, Philippines
Market Development Support Facility cost-shared grants – Philippines, China
Technology Improvement Program cost-shared grants – China Facilitating access to international markets – Indonesia,
China Consumer outreach
IMPORTANT: MUST BE CONDUCTED WITHIN A PV MARKET DEVELOPMENT/SUPPORT PROGRAM – NOT IN ISOLATION
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Enforcing QualityEnforcing Quality
Enforcement mechanisms: Batch testing of key components Field inspection of installations and field surveys Random samples collected from outlets/warehouses &
retested Consumer education Respond to consumer complaints
Results: Quality in general has been good and improving Enforcement is expensive Companies have greater appreciation of quality – reduces
costs, increases market share, creates export opportunities Where problems detected, cancel participation and impose
penalties – publicize!
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SummarySummary
Need to constantly emphasize and pay attention to product and service quality
Help customers recognize good quality and its value
Enforcement is important but so is giving the means to improve and maintain quality
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For more information…For more information…
http://www.worldbank.org/projects
http://www.worldbank.org/re
http://www.worldbank.org/retoolkit