qualitative research; telling the story
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QualitativeResearch:Telling the StoryCTEWorkshop
March 26, 2012
Drs. Linda Gilbert and
Mai Yin Tsoi
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Todays goals
Broad overview of qualitative research
Basic, with additional references
Includes when to use (or not to use)
Identifies some common theoreticalperspectives
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Why Are You Here?
How many of you
Are just curious about Qual. Research?
Have prior experience with Qual.
Research?
Planning to conduct Qual. Research?
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What IS Qualitative Research?
Gather data to investigate humanbehavior
Looks at WHYand HOW As opposed to HOW MUCH
Used in many different academic settings
Common in social sciences, marketing,education
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Theoretical UnderpinningsApproach Theory
Grounded Theory Build up from detailed observation
Ethnography Looking at ethnic and culturalunderstandings
Critical Theory Looking at problems from
historical/cultural contextsInterpretivist Reality is constructed through social
experiences
Phenomenology Study of structures of experiences
Feminism Social construction of gender and sex
Discourse analysis Approaches to analyze events withsigns, symbols, language
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Why and When to Use QualResearch-Continuum
When do not know enough to do Quant.Research
Only a few subjects
In-depth versus broad
Rich data
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Some Cautionary Notes
Easy to do bad Qual Research
Difficult to conduct rigorous QualResearch
Researcher subjectivities need to beaddressed
Subjectivities can affect study design,analysis
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How To Get Started
As in all research: IDENTIFY QUESTION
Choose appropriate theory base
Theory base guides methodology
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Example Questions
Do students learn if using calculators?
Better with quantitative methodology What effect do calculators have on spatial
processing?
Could be both, depending on research goal
What are relationships between calculatoruse and student perceptions of their math
ability?
Better with qualitative methodology
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First Step: What Are YourResearch Questions?
Audience Examples?
How do students feel about science? What misconceptions do student have about
science?
What is the relationship between studying and
test scores? What impact does studying have on student
achievement?
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Choose Theory Base
Methodology
Example:
Study on social media on class blog
Discourse analysis - data in writings Therefore, a study with this belief would choose:
Class blog
Thematic coding
Concept mapping of theme nodes
Refer to Denzin and Lincoln for an excellentoverview of theory.
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Second Step: Identify DataTypes and Sources
Survey
Interview
Free-response questions
Videotaping
Observations
Document analysis
Artifact analysis
AND MORE!
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Third Step: How Will YouAnalyze Data?
Statistics (quant)
Mixed-Method (quant plus qual)
Thematic coding multiple approaches
Memoing
Case studies . Etc.
For more resources, see Denzin and Lincoln orbasic qualitative texts
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Pros and Cons to Qual.ResearchPROS CONS
Rich, in-depth mining of data Limited, contextualgeneralizability
Get answers to complexresearchrelationships/patterns
Time-consuming
Able to elucidate
quantitative results
rabbit hole
Discover unforeseenrelationships
Analysis subject to researchertransparency of process
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References For MoreInformation
Handout
General
Theory-specific
Broader context
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Group Activity
Using worksheet, come up with researchquestions
For example scenario
For your own study
Brainstorm on the best way to answerthose questions
What will your data look like?
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