qualitative reseach
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Qualitative ResearchPresented by
Taiba Mashkoor
The Islamia University Of Bahawalpur
![Page 2: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning objectives
• To provide the reader with a basic understanding of qualitative research.
• To equip the reader with sufficient information to appreciate how qualitative research is undertaken.
![Page 3: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Qualitative Research
• Research studies that investigate the quality of relationship activities , situations or material are called qualitative research.
• It also involves collection , analysis and interpretation of data in order to gain particular phenomena of interest.
• It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations.
![Page 4: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nature of qualitative research
• Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social phenomena.
• it aims to help us to understand the social world in which we live and why things are the way they are.
![Page 5: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• It is concerned with the social aspects of our world and seeks to answer questions about:
• Why people behave the way they do• How opinions and attitudes are formed• How people are affected by the events that
go on around them
![Page 6: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
When we plan qualitative Research
we plan qualitative research When researcher want to explore ideasTo study human behavior and behavior
changesNew area of researchCause and effects
![Page 7: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Research Design
• There are main approaches to qualitative research that include
• Case study • Ethnography • Phenomenology• Grounded theory• Content analysis• Data collection
![Page 8: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Case study
• A case study is an in depth analysis of a single entity.
• Case studies might be qualitative or quantitative• It is used to describe an entity that forms a single
unit such as a person, an organization or an institution.
• The main purpose of case study is to develop a detailed description and gain an understanding of individual entity.
![Page 10: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data Collection methods
• Observation • Interview • Questionnaire • Opinionnaire
![Page 11: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ethnography
• Ethnography is collection of two words.• Ethno refers to “human cultures” and Graphy
means “description of”.• It is a methodology for descriptive studies of
cultures and peoples so ethnography is a research process used in the scientific study of human interactions in social setting.
• It is extremely time consuming
![Page 13: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Data collection methods
• The ethnographic researchers obtain information about certain socio-cultural phenomena through the members.
• Observation and interview are two important data collection methods, which are known as ethnographic fieldwork.
![Page 14: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phenomenology
• Phenomenological research is to describe and interpret the experiences and reactions of participants to the particular phenomena from their individual perspectives.
• In short it is the study of lived experiences of persons.
• Data is collected by in depth interview and is frequently used in such fields as psychology, sociology and social work.
![Page 16: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Grounded Theory
• Grounded theory method is a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving the discovery of theory through the analysis of data.
• It is mainly used in qualitative research but is also applicable to quantitative data.
![Page 18: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Methodology
• The researcher will be observing , collecting data , organizing data and forming theory from the data at the same time.
• An important methodological techniques in grounded theory research is constant comparative process in which every piece of data is compared with other piece.
![Page 19: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Data Collection
Data may be collected byo interviewso Observationso Historical records
![Page 20: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Content Analysis
• Content analysis is used to analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of words and concepts in a text
• then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writer , the audience and even the culture of which they are part.
![Page 22: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Content analysis is used in large number of fields, ranging from marketing and media studies, to literature , information studies, sociology and political science, psychology science, as well as other fields of inquiry.
• Content analysis is start with hypotheses
![Page 23: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sources of data
![Page 24: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Data Collection Tools
• Open ended questionnaire• Interviews Responses
![Page 27: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Steps in Data Analysis
• Deciding content • Defining the FRAME • Deciding data collection tool• Collecting data • Data analysis • Writing the report
![Page 28: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Data Collection In Qualitative Research
• Interviews• Observations• Journals• Focus groups• Existing documents and records
![Page 29: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conclusion
• Qualitative research observed the social behavior of people.
• In summarizes qualitative research, words are used rather than numbers
• And data collection occurs with data analysis
![Page 30: Qualitative reseach](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022070521/58ef9cae1a28aba04f8b459b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)