qualitative approach 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Approaches, Types & Forms in Qualitative
Research
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Approaches VS Types
In relation to qualitative research, the terms approaches and types are
sometimes used interchangeably.
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QUALITATIVE APPROACHES
A general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research.
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APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
According to Sharan B. Merriam (-)
1. Interpretive qualitative approach2. Critical qualitative approach3. Postmodern or post-structural qualitative approach
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Interpretative Qualitative Approach
“Learning how individuals experience & interact with their social world”
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Critical Qualitative Approach
“Learning how the social and political aspects of situation shape the reality”
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Postmodern/Post-structural
“Questioning all aspects of the construction of reality, what is and
what is not, how it is organized, and so on”
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
According to Sharan B. Merriam
1. Narrative Inquiry2. Case Study3. Ethnography4. Action Research5. Mixed Method6. Phenomenology7. Grounded Theory
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Narrative Inquiry
Definition
Narrative inquiry is the interdisciplinary study of the activities involved in generating and analyzing stories of life experiences (e.g., life histories, narrative interviews, journals, diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, biographies) and reporting that kind of research. (Schwandt, 2007, p. 204)
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Narrative Inquiry
Charateristics
1. Flexibility2. Experiences of an individual3. Life stories4. Coding field texts5. Re-story from the field text6. Collaboration between researcher and others7. the importance learning from participants is
emphasized
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Case Study
Definition
An Exploration of “a bounded system” or a case (or multiple cases) overtime through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information rich in context. (Cresswell, 1998)
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Case Study
Charateristics (According to Robert K. Yin, 1994)
1. typically to answer questions like “how” or “why”2. investigator has a little/no possibility to control the
events3. contemporary phenomenon in a real-life context4. Case study is an empirical inquiry
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Ethnography
Definition
A systematic study of a particular cultural group or phenomenon wherein an ethnography researcher focuses on the cultural interpretation.(Frances Julia Riemer, 2008)
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Ethnography
Charateristics (According to Nurani, 2008)
1. The observation takes place in natural setting2. Event is perceived and interpreted by the people in
a speech community3. Holistics4. Hypothesis emerges as the data collection occurs
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Action Research
Definition
An approach that involves both action and research (Burns in Heigham and Crocker, 2008) in which this kind of research focuses on improving quality of an organization (a group) and its performance (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory).
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Action Research
Charateristics
1. Practical focus2. The educator- researcher’s own practice3. Collaboration4. A dynamic process5. A plan of action6. A sharing research
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Mixed Method
An approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods in a single study (Crocker in Heigham and Crocker, 2008:15) to
understand a research problem (Cresswell, 2008)
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arateristics
1. Practical focus2. The educator- researcher’s own practice3. Collaboration4. A dynamic process5. A plan of action6. A sharing research
Mixed Method
Charateristics
1. Minimizing weaknesses2. Recognizing the value of knowledge as
constructed through qualitative means3. It rejects the dualism
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Phenomenology
Definition
A study that describes the meaning of the lived experiences for several individuals about a concept or phenomenon. (Cresswell, 2008)
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Phenomenology
Charateristics
1. Describe participants’ experiences of a phenomenon
2. Gain insight into participants’ lifeworlds3. Get participants to bracket or suspend their
preconceptions4. Search for the invariant structures or essences of
participants’ experiences
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Grounded Theory
Definition
“is a general methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data systematically gathered and analyzed”. (Glasser& Strauss)
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inductive or bottom-up approach
Grounded Theory
• Inductive & Bottom up approach to generate a theory.
• Theoretical saturation.
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inductive or bottom-up approach
Grounded Theory
Charateristics (according to Glasser & Strauss)
1. Fit2. Understanding3. Generality4. Control