QoS Constraint Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc

Igli Tafaj

Introduction

• Which is the aim of this paper…?• What is MANET?• Classification of Multicast Routing Protocol?• What is MAODV?

Some QoS Multicast Routing Protocols

• QAMNet• QMR• QMRP• AQM

The dynamism of Routing Protocols

TAG REQ_PKT FLAG_FW

Path selection depend on:1.Stability of neighbours node2.Power level (batery)3.Buffer Level (overhead)

Each forwarding packet should have a reply, in which could determine the appropriate selected path

MAODV-Extension

• Route Discovery• Path SelectionHop CountPower LevelBuffer LevelStability LevelCostClass

L2QoS• The selection of path based on QoS metrics• The metrics depends entirely on MAC Sub layer

(Layer_2)• On these metrics supported MAODV• MAODV – Extended based on some featuring of

Network and Application metrics mixed• Network Metrics depends on maximum hop

count metric• Application Metrics depends on cost of some

concave and additive metrics like: Bandwidth, Delay etc

Experiment Envirement• Operating System: Linux Red Hat 9.0• NS2 version: ns-allinone-2.26• The simulation environment is:• 1) Area: 1500 x 300 meters;• 2) Number of nodes: 60;• 3) Simulation duration: 900 seconds;• 4) Number of repetitions: 4;• 5) Physical/Mac Layer: IEEE 802.11 at 2Mbps,

250 meter transmission range;

Experiment Envirement• 6) Mobility model: random waypoint model with

no pause time, and node movement speed 0m/s, 1m/s or 20m/s.

• 7) Each sender sends 2 multicast data packets per second with each packet 256 bytes long;

Experiment Envirement

• 8) All receivers join a single multicast group at the beginning of the simulation, and the senders start sending data 30 seconds later. After 900 seconds, all senders stop transmitting data;

• 9) Only multicast traffic exists in the simulation.

Implementation

• Network Layer Metrics:Power: power=min(path.power, power)Buffer:

path.buffer=hop*path.buffer+buffer/hop+1Stability: path.stab=max(path.stab,stab)• Application Layer Metric:Throughput=total no.of bit*8 (from the Start

time-End time)

Simulation Graphs

PDR vs Speed Average end-to-end delay vs speed

Simulation Graphs

PDR vs Nr of Nodes Average end-to-end delay vs speed

Simulation Graphs

Throughput vs Nr of Nodes PDR vs Nr of Nodes

Conclusions

• QoS-MAODV, the multicast routing protocol is the extension of MAODV with the QoS support

• The network layer metrics is involved in the path discovery to find a QoS path to the destination.

• The path with the highest stability is the preferred path. If more than one path is found the destination node selected the path with the highest power level.

Conclusions

• Regarding the application requirements, if the application is delay sensitive then the path with the minimum delay is chosen

• For the application with throughput constrained the path with maximum bandwidth is selected

• With no constraint any path is chosen by the destination.

Conclusions

• The protocol balanced the routing load and also minimized the consumption of resources.

• As a future work, different number of flows can be analyzed with different network scenarios.