qin [ch’in] dynasty, 221- 206 b.c.e. established china’s first empire shi huangdi (221-206...

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Page 1: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 2: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 3: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E.

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.E.

Established China’s first empire Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E) Legalist rule

Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion Book burnings targeted

Confucianists Buried protestors alive!

Built large section of the Great Wall

Page 4: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Page 5: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Great Wall with Towers

The Great Wall with Towers

Page 6: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

Page 7: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 8: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

“People of the Han” original Chinese Paper invented [105 B.C.E.]

Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many

Buddhism introduced into China Expanded into Central Asia

Page 9: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Page 10: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E.

Emperor Wudi, 141-87 B.C.E.

Started public schools.

Colonized Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam.

Civil service system bureaucrats Confucian scholar-gentry

Revival of Chinese landscape painting.

Page 11: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Page 12: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 13: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.

Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.

“Land Equalization” System land redistribution.

Unified coinage. Grand Canal constructed. Established an army of professional

soldiers. People were overworked and overtaxed!

Page 14: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Grand CanalThe Grand Canal

Page 15: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Grand Canal Today

The Grand Canal Today

Page 16: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 17: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Imperial examination system perfected.

Liberal attitude towards all religions. Spread of Buddhism in China

Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries.

Japan, Korea, Persia

Page 18: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Tang Government Organization

Tang Government Organization

Page 19: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.

New technologies: Printing moveable print Porcelain Gunpowder Mechanical clocks

More cosmopolitan culture.

Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road.

Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia.

Page 20: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705

Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705

The only female Empress in China’s history who ruled alone.

Searched for outstanding individuals to attract to her court.

Construction of new irrigation systems.

Buddhism was the favored statereligion.

Financed the building of many Buddhist temples.

BUT… She appointed cruel and sadistic ministers to seek out her enemies.

Page 21: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Broken toes by 3 years of age.

Size 5 ½ shoe on the right

Page 22: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.

Page 23: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Foot-Binding in Tang China

Foot-Binding in Tang China

For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.

Page 24: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Results of Foot-Binding

The Results of Foot-Binding

Page 25: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 26: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279

C.E.

Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279

C.E. Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.

Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.

Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!

Page 27: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song

Page 28: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration
Page 29: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Mongolian SteppesMongolian Steppes

Page 30: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol] “Yurt”

Page 31: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions

Page 32: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

Temujin --> Genghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] 1162 - 1227 from the steppe [dry, grass-covered

plains of Central Asia]

Page 33: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”]

Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage,

we will take your prosperity. If you do not have prosperity,

we will take your children. If you do not have children,

we will take your wife. If you do not have a wife,

we will take your head. Used cruelty as a weapon some areas

never recovered from Mongol destruction!

Page 34: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Extent of the Mongol Empire

The Extent of the Mongol Empire

Page 35: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368

C.E.

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368

C.E. Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]

Pax Mongolica [“Mongol Peace”] Tolerated Chinese culture

but lived apart from them. No Chinese in top govt. posts. Believed foreigner were more

trustworthy. Encouraged foreign trade &

foreign merchants to live and work in China. Marco Polo

Page 36: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Marco Polo (1254-1324)

Marco Polo (1254-1324)

A Venetian merchant.

Traveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295 “Black Stones” [coal]

Gunpowder.

Noodles.

Page 37: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Marco Polo’s Travels

Marco Polo’s Travels

Page 38: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.Yuan Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.

The Black Plague was spread by the Mongols in the mid-14c.

Sent fleets against Japan. 1281 150,000 warriors Defeated by kamikazi [“winds of the

gods”]

Kublai Khan experienced several humiliating defeats in Southeast Asia late in his life.

Page 39: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

China’s last native imperial dynasty!

Page 40: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

The Forbidden City: China’s New CapitalThe Forbidden City: China’s New Capital

Page 41: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Revived the Civil Service Exam

Revived the Civil Service Exam

Page 42: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Ming Cultural Revolution

Ming Cultural Revolution

Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular

books: woodblock printing. cheap paper.

Examination system.

Leads to explosion in literacy.

Leads to further popularization of the commercial market.

Culture & Art Increased literacy

leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:

Literature. Painting. Ceramics. Opera.

Page 43: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Ming Silver MarketMing Silver Market Spanish Silver Convoys

Triangle route: Philippines to China to Japan.

Silver floods Chinese Market: Causes devaluation of currency &

recession Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration

overseas. Reduces price of Chinese goods in

Europe Increases interest in Chinese culture &

ideas in Europe. Helps fund conquest of New World Encourages Europeans in conquest &

trade.

Page 44: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)

Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r. 1368-1398)

Page 45: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Ming “Treasure Fleet” Each ship 400’ long & 160’

wide

1371-1435

Page 46: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

China’s “Columbus?”

Page 47: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.

Page 48: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early

16c

Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early

16c

Page 49: Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221- 206 B.C.E.  Established China’s first empire  Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)  Legalist rule  Bureaucratic administration

Imperial China’s Impact on HistoryImperial China’s

Impact on History Removed religion from morality.

Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.

Mandate of Heaven

Secular law.

Valued history The Dynastic Cycle