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""" |=yxSwQB |R=UxO=}B QO C}kiwt |v=QL@ pt=wa |UQQ@

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"OvQ=OQwNQ@ |}q=@w u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xSwQB |Q=m xwQo ?}mQD pt=waQO OwHwt |D=aq]= |Qw;ui w Q=m w ?Um ?U=vt |=ysDU}U

"OvQ=O Q=Qk |Oa@ |xHQO QO xQ=W= OQwt 7 =@ s=Om Qy u=tR=Uu=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xSwQB OQmrta |@=} RQ= w CQ=_v pt=wa|R} Qxt=vQ@ |}=ORp=mW= w V}=tR; 'xaUwD '|Ov@ Qm}B '|R=UxJQ=Bm} wC}ty= xHQO u} QDu}}=B |=Q=O xQ=W= OQwt 5 =@ l} Qy u=tR=U `@=vt"s} R=OQB|t 1 pwOH QO xOW O=} pt=wa K} QWD x@ xt=O= QO "Ov=xOw@QO OwHwt |D=aq]= |Qw;ui w Q=m w ?Um ?U=vt |=ysDU}U

6u=tR=UQou=}@ u=tR=U QO OwHwt |D=aq]= |Qw;ui w Q=mw?Um |=ysDU}UQO |D=aq]= w Q=m w ?Um |=yOv}=Qi ^=Lr R= u=tR=U Q}}eD xHQO

3 ! sWW w |U |xQ=tW � h} QW

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"ERP |=ysDU}U |R=UxO=}B QO C}kiwt |v=QL@ pt=wa |UQQ@ hrDNt |=ypOt |xU}=kt "1 pwOH`tH `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt `HQt u}kkLt

[5] [10] [2] [8] [12] [11] [16] [7] [1] [9] C}kiwt |v=QL@ pt=wa|�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm |�RH |rm1 � Q=m \}Lt |Q=O}=B |=ysDU}U1 � Q=m w ?Um xv}tR ?U=vt4 � � � � |v=tR=U nvyQi w ?Um3 � � � |v=tR=U Q=DN=U w Q=m

7 � � � � � � � OwHwt |=ysDU}U |Qw; ui4 � � � � 'Q=Ri=CNU�u=tR=U QO |D=aq]=

�xm@Ww Q=Ri=sQv �IT�7 � � � � � � � QtDUt C=]=@DQ= QO OwHwt

s=ovyx@ w u=tR=U5 � � � � � OQwt QO |v=UQ`q]=

ERP xSwQB CiQW}Bu=aiv}P s=tD x@

3 � � � C} wrw= w C}ty= sqa=\UwD xSwQB |q=@ w C}=tLu=tR=U C} Q}Ot |v=@}DWB

9 � � � � � � � � � |O=t pt=m|v=@}DWB C} Q}Ot10 C} Q}Ot |wvat w |r=a10 � � � � � � � � � � u=tR=U |r=a u=tR=U

C} Q}Ot CmQ=Wt |xSwQB R=7 � � � � � � � uOQm|vwv=k QO|r=a ERP

ERPQ_vOQwt C=Q}}eD5 � � � � � xSwQB u=tQyk

OQwt h=Oy= KQ] w u=tQ;9 � � � � � � � � � Cr=UQ =} Q=_Dv= |xt=vQ@ w

9 � � � � � � � � � ERP xSwQB Q=m w ?Um'=yxv} Ry'`i=vt u}}aD |xSwQB

5 � � � � � `@=vt w =ylU} Q ERP

xSwQB R=}v OQwtw h]a \=kv u}}aD w CQ=_v

5 � � � � � �=y|HwQN�OY=kt |@=} RQ=5 � � � � � |=v@tQ@ V=O=B OQmrta

3 � � � =yC}r=ai |@=} RQ= xSwQB2 � � p}rLD w x} RHD ERP

Q@ Q=m QwNR=@


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"1 pwOH |xt=O=OOHt |UOvyt

10 � � � � � � � � � � |=yOv}=Qi|Q=m w ?Um

4 � � � � pk=OL |R=U|WQ=iU3 � � � R=}v T=UL=

Q}}eD |=Q@1 9 � � � � � � � � � |yO CQ=yt VQ}PB

� |wQ}v OOHt w Q}}eDIT |Q=m u; C} Q}Ot

8 � � � � � � � � w VRwt;Q@ Q=m s}raDw CmQ=Wt

3 � � � Q@ Q=m |Q}oQO6 � � � � � � u=tR=U OyaD

Q}}eD x@8 � � � � � � � � xRwL h=iWu}}aD

ERP VWwB4 � � � � =yC}rw�Ut X}YND

C=Q=}DN= =@ ?U=vDt C} Q}Ot9 � � � � � � � � � xSwQB pQDvm xSwQB

9 � � � � � � � � � ERP ERP

|v=QL@ \=kv u}}aD3 � � � w ERP xSwQB

xSwQB xS} w |@=} RQ=s=tD uOwtvnvy=ty

4 � � � � =@ \@DQt |=yCtUkxSwQB pw] QO xSwQB

6 7 � � � � � � � � � � � � � O=Qi= u} QDy@ ?=NDv=ERPxSwQB s}D |=Q@ ?}mQDxSwQB pO=aDt s}D |Q=m s}D

8 � � � � � � � � �Q=mw ?Um wIT� xSwQB|OQmQ=m OvJ w ERP

2 � � Ckws=tD |=[a=ERPxSwQBs}D|=Q@?Um w |vi Vv=O

7 � � � � � � � s}D |=[a= |Q=mwu=Qw=Wt w xSwQB

4 � � � � |wk u=Q}os}tYD OwHwxSwQB s}D QO `} QU w


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"1 pwOH |xt=O=3 � � � Q=Ri=sQv |Ov@ Qm}B

ERP xS} wj}kO V}=tR; w CUD '|R=UxJQ=Bm}

4 � � � � Q=Ri=sQv |}xiQLw '|Ov@ Qm}BERP xS} w 'xaUwD

ERP |R=UxJQ=Bm} w CUD4 5 � � � � � � � � � |=ysDU}U =@ |}=ORp=mW=

u=tR=U QO OwHwt ERP

3 � � � `} QU `iQ C}r@=kERP |}=QH= Cq=mW=

4 � � � � |R=UxJQ=Bm}ERP hrDNt |=ypwS=t

[8]"OwW|t |U=U= CqmWt O=H}= Ea=@ Qo}O |xrLQt x@ QPo u;w[wt 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |R=UxO=}B |=y|oO}J}B R=|m}

|Q=Ri=sQv�10|Q=Ri=u=}t|=y|Qw;ui "CU=u;|=ypwS=t|R=UxJQ=Bm}u}@ QO =Q C=aq]= w OQ}o|t Q=Qk Q=Ri=sQv wv wO R= V}@ =} wO u}@ xm|R} Qxt=vQ@hrDNt |=yQ=Ri=sQv |R=UxJQ=Bm} |=Q@ �Ovm|t xtHQD =yv;|xty |=Q@ =y|Qw;ui u}= =t= "OvQ}o|t Q=Qk xO=iDU= OQwt u=tR=U `@=vtR= |Q=}U@ QO w OvDU}v OwHwt u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |=ysDU}U|=yxt=vQ@ |=Q@ |}=y\@=Q |xaUwD x@ s=Ok= OwN =yu=tR=U 'C=kw=

[8]"Ovvm|t |Q=HD |OQ@ Q=m

11Q}}eD C} Q}Otu=tR=U smLt |xQ=O= w |Q=Wi=B j} Q] R= 'Q}}eD x@ u=tR=U OyaDQ}}eD "OwW|t Tmavt '|R=UxO=}B QO Q}oQO p�=Ut =@ xyH=wt QOu=tR=U QO uvU w ?=O; 'u}v=wk 'O=Qi= QO |v=tR=U nvyQi w Q=DN=UO}OB Q}}eD QF= QO xm |rwtat |=yVvm =w w Q}}eD C=QF= "OwW|t QoxwrH|=y|R=UxO=}B 'K[=w Qw]x@ "OwW|t xQ=O= Q}}eD C} Q}Ot =@ 'O};|tnvyQi QO j}ta C=Q}}eD O=H}= x@ QHvt u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@xO=t; `} QU C=Q}}eD |=Q@ ?U=vt Qw]x@ O=Qi= Qo = "OvwW|t |v=tR=UC=Q}}eD|v}@V}B p@=k G}=Dv R= GQt w GQy w =yCtw=kt '=yQ=mi= 'OvwWv

[8w1]"Ow@ Ovy=wN |R=UxO=}B |xr}Uwx@ xOW O=H}=R= |Q=}U@ CUmW p}qO u} QDsyt R= |m} ?U=vt=v VRwt;QqO =yuw}r}t seQx@ "CU= u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |=yxSwQB|R} Qxt=vQ@ |R=UxO=}B |=yxSwQB QO Q=m Ca=U u=Q=Ry w |Q=Pox}=tQU"OvwW|t xH=wtCUmW =@VRwt; sOap}rOx@ =yxSwQBu}= 'u=tR=U`@=vtVv} Ro 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U |R=UxO=}B QO xS} w |xr�Ut

7u=tR=U |r=a C} Q}Ot |v=@}DWB w C}=tL|w C}=tL OQwt w OUQ@ u=tR=U |r=a C} Q}Ot ?} wYD x@ O}=@ xSwQBC} wrw= u=wvax@ xSwQB R= =Q=mW; =} ,=L} wrD O}=@ |r=a C} Q}Ot "OQ}o Q=QkQO CmQ=Wt j} Q] R= =Q OwN OyaD w 'Ovm O=} u=tR=UQ@ Q=PoQ}F-=D w sytQO |r=a C} Q}Ot [1]"Ovm sqa= u; x@ OvtWRQ= `@=vt X}YND w xSwQB[17]"Ovm|t R=Q@= ,qta =Q OwN C}=tL u; u=}=B =D w xSwQB pL=Qt |xty|=Q=O xm CU= q=@ K]U |}=QH= �|t=L� Q}Ot l} 8xSwQB u=tQykVkv QO w= "CU= u=tR=U QO C=Q}}eD uOQm|vwv=k w |Q=PohOy CQOkw Ctw=kt C} Q}Ot w =yZQ=aD pL p=@vO x@ xQ=wty 'xSwQB u=tQykw O=Qi= |x}LwQ C} wkD xSwQB u=tQyk |xi}_w "CU= C=Q}}eD |xQ=O=?=YDv= =@ u=tR=U |r=a C} Q}Ot [1]"CU=yv; |xty OyaD R= u=v}t]=|Qw;ui w u=tR=U |D=}rta |=yOv}=Qi |xQ=@ QO xm � |}=QH= Q}Ot l}|R=UxO=}B Q@ Ov=wD|t 'xSwQB u=tQyk u=wvax@ �OQ=O `}UwVv=OC=aq]=

[7]"Ovm CQ=_v u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U

9|}=ORp=mW= w V}=tR; 'xaUwD '|Ov@ Qm}B '|R=UxJQ=Bm}u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@

Q=Ri=sQv |=yC}r@=k w =}=Rt |t=tD R= |OvtxQy@ |=DU=Q QO u=tR=Uw xaUwD =Q Q=Ri=sQv u}= hrDNt O=a@= xQ=wty 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xOvvm =QH= |=yu=tR=U "OyO|t VQDUow Q=Ri=sQv j}kO w |}xiQL uwtR; 'Q=Ri=sQv CqmWt w p�=Ut pL |=Q@nvD=ovD \=@DQ= u=Qw=Wt w u=oOvWwQi =@ =ysDU}U |R=UxJQ=Bm} R}v'|}=yvDx@ u=tR=U `@=vt|R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U|=yOQmQ=m R=l} Qy [1]"OvQ=OR= Oa@ "OQ}o|t Q=Qk V}=tR; OQwt =yOQmQ=m Qo}O =@ \=@DQ= QO R}v wuwO@ w CU= syt w |QwQ[ u; pt=m V}=tR; 'sDU}U pt=m |R=UxO=}B


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Q}_v =yx@vH Q}=U '�sDU}U O=tDa= C}r@=k Ovv=t� |vi OQmrta|UQQ@ OQwt R}v xQ}e w =yxv} Ry '|v=tR \w]N 'CaQU '|Q}PBh=]av=|yOR=}Dt= CQ=m |@=} RQ= VwQ u=kkLt R= |Q=}U@ "OvQ}o|t Q=QkQ=m w ?Um '|QDWt '|r=t Oa)@ Q=yJ |xOvQ}oQ@ QO xm =Q 18uR=wDt

[8]"Ovvm|t O=yvW}B 'CU= C}kqN w |Q}oO=} w |rN=O

|v=QL@ pt=wa |=ypOt ha[ \=kv |UQQ@ "5w u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |R=UxO=}B QO C}kiwt

j}kLD hOyO=} |=ypOt R= s=Om Qy ha[ \=kv u=wD|t 1 pwOH |xar=]t =@

%OQtWQ@ u}vJ =Q xOW'sDU}U pk=OL |R=U|WQ=iU '|Ov@ Qm}B x@ 'nv=wm w x=v pOt QO "1s=tD uOQm nvy=ty w |R=UxO=}B QO =yv; Vkv w |HQ=N u=Qw=Wt|}xQ=W= u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xSwQB =@ \@DQt |=yCtUk

"CU= xOWv|R=U|WQ=iU 'xSwQB u=tQyk x@ 'u=Q=mty w |QaWtr= pOt QO "2u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |}=ORp=mW= '|Ov@ Qm}B 'sDU}U pk=OLpOt u}= QO "CU= xOWv |}xQ=W= Q@ Q=m |Q}oQO w CmQ=Wt wQO u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ xSwQB |Q=m xwQo ?}mQD |v=QL@ pt=a|oO}J}B Ea=@ xm CU= xOW xOQw; xSwQB C} Q}Ot |v=QL@ pt=a`k=w |UQQ@ OQwt xv=o =OH pt=a u}= Ow@ QDy@� "OwW|t w[wtOQ=w |D=O=Q}= R}v C}kiwt |v=QL@ pt=wa |Ov@xk@] x@ "�OW|tQO |v=QL@ pt=wa 'OQmrta |@=} RQ= w |Q@yQ w C} Q}Ot "CU=u}= &OvDUy u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U |R=UxO=}B QU=QU|R=UxO=}B R= Oa@ w |R=UxO=}B R= p@k |xrLQt QO ?}DQD x@ pt=wau=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U ?=NDv= u}vJty "Ov=xOW xO}O

"OwW s=Hv= sDU}U |R=UxO=}B R= p@k O}=@w ?Um |=ysDU}U |v=QL@ pt=wa x@ 'uUr}v w RQtwU pOt QO "3'|R=UxJQ=Bm} 'u=tR=U QO OwHwt ?U=vt C=aq]= |Qw;ui w Q=mOQmrta|@=} RQ= w CQ=_v w|}=ORp=mW= w uwtR; 'xaUwD '|Ov@ Qm}B

"CU= xOWv |}xQ=W= u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xSwQBxSwQB u=tQyk 'Q}}eD C} Q}Ot |v=QL@ pt=wa 'C}q w Ovr=y pOt QO "4xO}O=v u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U pk=OL |R=U|WQ=iU w

"Ov=xOW xDiQo|xt=vQ@ w KQ] w u=tQ; |v=QL@ pt=wa 'QwDU=B w Rw}DU= pOt QO "5`@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |xSwQB OQmrta |@=} RQ= w CQ=_v 'Q=m w ?Umu}vJty "CU= xOWv xDiQo Q_v QO |R=UxJQ=Bm} w[wt w u=tR=U

xDmv u}= |Qw;O=} "CU= |}=yv Q@ Q=m s}raD w VRwt; ?U=vt |xt=vQ@'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ VRwt; R=|U=U= w xOta hOy xmCU= sytQO xOW xDiyv hrDNt Q=m w ?Um |=yOv}=Qi R= QF-wt w K}LY lQO

[8w1]"CU= sDU}U u}=|=yOv}=Qi =yu=tR=U 'Q=Ri=sQv Q}}eD|=H x@ xmOvvm|t x}YwD u=kkLt"OvyO Q}}eD Q=Ri=sQv =@ uOW j@=]t CyH QO =Q V} wN |Q=m w ?Umu=tR uOW |vqw] 'xv} Ry V}=Ri= x@ QHvt 12|R=U|WQ=iU xm =Hv; R=<=kDQ= w Q=Ri=sQv |Q=Oyov w |v=@}DWB R= |OvtxQy@ sOa w |R=UxO=}Bx}YwD |QwQ[ |r}N `k=wt QO ]ki 'OwW|t xOvWwQi |wU R= u;

[8w1]"OwW|tOy=W 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ sDU}U 13|yOpmW Ov}=Qi QOR= |OvtxQy@ |=Q@ 14OOHt |UOvyt |xv}tR QO xOQDUo |=yC}r=ai"Ow@ s}y=wN sDU}U u}= \UwD xOW x�=Q= 15|}=QH= |=yVwQ u} QDy@|=yVwQ u} QDy@ VQ}PB x@ umtt OL =D =yu=tR=U OwW|t x}YwD=Q u=WQ=m w ?Um |=yOv}=Qi w xDN=OQB sDU}U QO xOW x}@aD *|}=QH=

[12w2]"OvyO Ck@=]t =yv; =@`@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ xSwQB 16Q=m w ?Um |xt=vQ@ w KQ] 'u=tQ;

u=tR=U?wJQ=J R= u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |=y|R=UxO=}B xmv}= x@ Q_v'uWwQ h=Oy= 'OvwQ|t QD=Qi Q=m w ?Um |rwtat |xSwQB l} |v=tR|v=tR=U QtDUt |=yVqD |yOCyH |=Q@ u=tQ; w Q=m w ?Um KQ]QO OwyWt |OQ@y=Q `i=vt |=Q=O O}=@ Q=m w ?Um |xt=vQ@ "CU= sRqQ_v QO =Q |v=tR \w]N w =ylU} Q '=yxv} Ry '`@=vt w OW=@ u=tR=Ux@ xm CU= jiwt |Dr=UQ w u=tQ; xm CU= QmP x@ sRq [1]"OW=@ xDW=OuDW=O uwO@ `k=w QO [1]"OwW p}O@D |Q}oxR=Ov= p@=k OY=kt w h=Oy=`@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |R=UxO=}B 'j}kO |OQ@y=Q |R} Qxt=vQ@ w uWwQ CyHEa=@ |OQ@y=Q h=Oy= uOw@XNWt "CU=CUmW x@ swmLt u=tR=UCUQO Q}Ut QO |R=UxO=}B Ov}=Qi QU=QU QO xSwQB xwQo xm OwW|t

[11]"Ovm CmQL17OQmrta |@=} RQ= w C} Q}Ot

pt=a l} u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ xSwQB OQmrta |@=} RQ= w |Q}oxR=Ov=|=Q@ "CU= sDU}U |R=UxO=}B C}kiwt R= u=v}t]= |=Q@ |v=QL@ Q=}U@|Q}oxR=Ov= |=yQ=}at 'u=tR=U Q=m w ?Um Q@ O}OH sDU}U QF= |@=} RQ=|xOvyO u=Wv =yQ=}at u}= "OvwW|t u}at w h} QaD ,=k}kO OQmrta'`kwt x@ |=y|HwQN CU= umtt w OvDUy sDU}U OQmrta |ovwoJVOQo '|QDWt x@ p} wLD =D VQ=iU u=tR 'Xr=N OwU |x}W=L

[11w1]"OvwW pt=W =Q xQ}e w xOvWwQi OQmrta '=y|OwHwtQ@ xwqa 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |=ysDU}U |R=UxO=}B QO


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"j}kLD |twyit pOt "2 pmW

sDU}U jiwt |R=UxO=}B Q@ =Q pt=wa u}= R= l} Qy |rm Q}F-=D CUNv =DQ=Qk |UQQ@ OQwt =Q Q}F-=D u}= COW TBU w 'u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@'OW |L=Q] u}kkLt \UwD j}kLD |twyit pOt 'T=U= u}= Q@ "OyO

"CU= xOt; 2 pmW QO xmu}= "Ov=j}kLD |=yx}[Qi Qou=Wv 2 pmW O=a@= R= l} Qy `k=w QO2 pmW |xv=oCWy O=a@= |va} '|rY= |x}[Qi CWy |=Q=O VywSBxSwQB R= u=tR=U |r=a C} Q}Ot |v=@}DWB w C}=tL p=Ft u=wvax@�|=ysDU}U jiwt |R=UxO=}B Q@ s}kDUt Q}F-=D u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@OQwt QO �|mtm � |aQi x}[Qi xv w �OQ=O u=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@|v=QL@ pt=wa x}rm Q}F-=D Q}_v� |v=QL@ pt=wa R= l} Qy Q}F-=D |Ov@x@DQu=tR=U `@=vt |R} Qxt=vQ@ |=ysDU}U jiwt |R=UxO=}B QO C}kiwtw ?Um ?U=vt |=ysDU}U O=a@= |=yx@DQ u}ov=}t =} 'CU= u=Um}�"CU= u=Um} sy =@ u=tR=U QO OwHwt |D=aq]= |Qw;ui w |Q=m

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QO C=aq]= |Qw;OQo VwQ w |Q=t; |xat=H "7j}kLD

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"xt=vVUQB QO xO=iDU= OQwt T=}kt xvwtv "4 pwOHsm |r}N sm \UwDt O=} R O=} R |r}N =yxv} Ro

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"j}kLD |tw@ w |}=yv pOt "3 pmW

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CWwv=B1. enterprise resource planning2. critical success factors3. solution4. total5. standish6. appropriate business & IT legacy system7. top management support8. champion9. software development, testing and troubleshooting10. middle ware11. change management12. customization13. con�guration14. BPR: Business Process Reengineering15. best practices16. business plan and vision17. management and evaluation of performance18. balanced scorecard `@=vt

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8. Al-mashari, M. Al-mudimigh, A. Zairi, M. En-terprise Resource Planning: A Taxonomy ofCritical Factors. European Journal of opera-tional Research 146, pp 352-364 (2003).

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