22

istoria

bedis ukuRmarTobam Tu mZime istori-ulma viTarebam XX saukuneSi bevri mebrZo-li qarTveli sxvadasxva qveynis, idealisa Tu faseulobis dasacavad gawira...

1939 wlis 1 seqtembers germaniis polo-neTze TavdasxmiT daiwyo meore msoflio omi. im droisTvis poloneTis armiaSi ara-erTi qarTveli generali da oficeri msa-xurobda, romlebmac 1921 wels, sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Sem-deg, datoves samSoblo da cxovreba da sam-saxuri poloneTSi ganagrZes. qarTvelma generlebma da oficrebma aqtiuri monawi-leoba miiRes Tavisi meore samSoblos – po-loneTis – dacvaSi. dedaqalaq varSavis

dacvis calkeul mimarTulebebs xelmZRva-nelobdnen podpolkovniki valerian Tev-zaZe da maiori artem aroniSiZe. krakovis dacvis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli iyo pol-kovniki roman gvelesiani. brZolebSi mona-wileobdnen oficrebi: aleqsandre alavi-Ze, ioseb zautaSvili, mixeil kvaliaSvili, vladimer laRiZe, giorgi mamalaZe, mixeil rusiaSvili, giorgi turaSvili, vitali ug-rexeliZe, dimitri SalikaSvili, mfrinavi arkadi sxirtlaZe, sazRvao oficeri viq-tor lomiZe da sxvebi.

17 seqtembers meore msoflio omSi ssrk-c Caeba, Tavs daesxa ra aRmosavleTi-dan poloneTs. or frontze brZola SeuZ-

mixeil baxtaZe

qarTvelebi meore msoflio omSi

23

lebeli iyo da damoukidebelma poloneTis saxelmwifom arseboba Sewyvita. hitlerma da stalinma poloneTis teritoria omis dawyebamde erTi kviriT adre xelmowerili e.w. molotov-ribentropis paqtis Tanax-mad gadainawiles. poloneTis droSis qveS mebrZoli qarTvelebis nawili tyved Cau-varda germanelebs (mag., generali aleqsan-dre zaqariaZe), nawili ki – ssrk-s. am uka-nasknelTa bedi ufro tragikuli aRmoCn-da. generali aleqsandre CxeiZe moskovSi

molotov-ribentropis paqti – 1939 wlis 23 agvistos moskovSi xelmowerili xelSekruleba Tav-dausxmelobis Sesaxeb ssrk-sa da germanias Soris. am xelSekrulebis saidumlo muxlebi iTvaliswinebda aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis te-ritoriis ganawilebas xelmomwer saxelmwifoTa Soris.

aleqsandre yaramanis Ze zaqariaZe (1884-1957)

msaxurobda ruseTis impe-riis armiaSi. ruseT-iapo-niisa da pirveli msoflio omis monawile. 1917 wlis noemberSi saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg iyo erovnuli sabWos samxed-

ro seqciis ufrosi. 1918-1921 wlebSi msaxurobda saqarTvelos SeiraRebul ZalebSi. 1918 wlis daswyisSi qarTuli korpusis Stabis ufrosia. Semdeg mu-Saobda saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zale-bis generalur StabSi. 1919 wels mieniWa ge-nerloba da dainiSna generaluri Stabis ufrosad. am Tanamdebobaze iyo sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciamde. 1921 wels emigraciaSi wasvlis Semdeg mci-re xans imyofeboda stambolSi, saidanac gadavida poloneTSi. daamTavra polone-Tis umaRlesi samxedro skola. 1923 wlidan poloneTis armiis brigadis generalia. 1927 wels mieniWa diviziis generloba. 1939 wels tyved Cauvarda germanelebs, Tumca maleve gaaTavisufles. meore msoflio omis dasasruls sacxovreblad gadavida safrangeTSi. iyo parizis qarTuli saTvis-tomos wevri.

misi vaJi – generali jon-malxaz Sa-likaSvili – iyo aSS-is SeiaraRebuli Zalebis meTaurTa gaerTianebuli ko-mitetis xelmZRvaneli 1993-1997 wlebSi.

dimitri SalikaSvili (1896-1947)

grmania CexeTisa da slovakeTis CaTvliT

ssrk

poloneTi – germaniis Tavdasxma

poloneTi – ssrk-is Tavdasxma

mokavSireebi

germaniis Tavdasxma poloneTze, 1939

qarTvelebi II msoflio omSi

24

gadaiyvanes da iq daxvrites. savaraudod, moskovSi daxvrites arkadi sxirtlaZec. giorgi mamalaZe, giorgi ratiSvili, ilia kakabaZe katinSi daxvrites. gadarCenili qarTveli oficrebis nawili aralegalu-rad mebrZol polonelebs SeuerTda da winaaRmdegobas ar wyvetda. mas Semdeg, rac 1945 wels poloneTi sabWoTa kavSiris gav-lenis qveS moeqca, sabWoTa specsamsaxu-rebma moaxerxes qarTvel oficerTa nawi-lis dapatimreba. maT sxvadasxva braldeba wauyenes, maT Soris – sabWoTa ruseTis wi-naaRmdeg brZola 1921 wels. marTalia, zo-gierTi amnistiiT gaaTavisufles, magram nawili cixeebSi datoves, nawili ki cimbir-Si gadaasaxles. Tavis gadarCenis mizniT zogma qarTvelma polonuri gvari aiRo.

aleqsandre daviTis Ze CxeiZe (1873-1941)

msaxurobda ruseTis impe-riis armiaSi. pirveli msoflio omis monawile 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSia. iyo samxedro skolis uf-rosis moadgile.

1921 wlis TebervalSi, sabWoTa ruseTTan omis dawyebis Semdeg, dainiSna samxedro skolis ufrosad da me-Taurobda skolas tabaxmelis brZolebi-sas. 1922 wlidan poloneTSia.1922-1923 wlebSi aswavlida rembertovos samxedro kursebze. 1923 w. mieniWa brigadis gener-loba. erTi weli varSavis qveiTTa skola-Si kurirebda qarTvel msmenelTa jgufs. Semdeg msaxurobda oficerTa sakavale-rio skolasa da me-16 qveiTTa polkSi. 1927-1931 ww. poznanSi dislocirebuli me-14 qveiTTa polkis meTauria. TadarigSi gasvlis Semdeg cxovrobda lvovSi. iyo „qarTvel mxedarTa kavSiris“ gamgeobis wevri da 1928 w. Seqmnili „qarTvel iunker-Ta kavSiris“ sapatio Tavmjdomare. aqtiu-rad TanamSromlobda emigraciaSi gamoma-val qarTul Jurnal-gazeTebTan. avtoria mogonebebisa samxedro skolaze. 1939 w. sabWoTa wiTeli armiis mier lvovis daka-vebis dros tyved Cavarda. 1940 w. ivnisSi gadaiyvanes kievSi, xolo dekemberSi – moskovSi, sadac 1941 w. daxvrites.

ssrk-is xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetile-biT katinis tyeSi 1940 wlis gazafxulze ramdenime aTasi tyved Cavardnili polo-neli oficeri daxvrites.

poloneTis armiaSi myofi qarTvelebis Sesa-xeb ix. David Kolbaia. Under Polish wings. The Ge-orgian Emigration in Poland 1921-1939 (daviT yolbaia, reCpospolitas frTebqveS, qarTu-li emigracia poloneTSi 1921-1939).

poloneTis gayofis Semdeg germaniam samxedro moqmedebebi daiwyo da warmate-biT awarmoa daniis, belgiis, holandiis, safrangeTis, balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis saxelmwifoebis winaaRmdeg.

qarTvelebi ibrZodnen safrangeTis Se-iaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi. maTi nawili kadris oficeri iyo, nawili ki moxa-

II msoflio omis droindeli evropa

faSisturi germania (1939 wlis agvisto)

dapyrobili regionebi (seqtemberi, 1939 - maisi, 1941)

germaniis mokavSireebi (1940)

ssrk-is dapyrobili teritoria

qveynebi, romlebic germanias ar daupyria

neitraluri qveynebi

germanelebis Seteva

sahaero Setevaitalielebis Seteva

ssrk-is Seteva

ssrk

germania

istoria

25

lised Caewera. ocamde qarTveli moxalise ibrZoda safrangeTis ucxour legionSi da monawileobda sxvadasxva brZolaSi meore msoflio omis dros. maT Soris iyvnen: gi-orgi da oTar jayelebi, aleqsandre meli-ava, arCil ciciSvili, aleqsandre jinWa-raZe da sxv. safrangeTis armiis kadris oficrebi iyvnen Tavis droze saqarTve-los demokratiuli respublikis samxedro skolis msmenelebi (iunkrebi): giorgi odi-SeliZe – batalionis meTauri da ivane (Jan) vaCnaZe – sakavalerio eskadronis meTauri.

safrangeTis armiis rigebSi mebrZol qarTvelTa Soris yvelaze metad saxeli ga-iTqva polkovnikma dimitri amilaxvarma, romelic gmirulad daiRupa 1942 wels CrdiloeT afrikaSi el-alameinis brZola-Si.

amasobaSi ki sabWoTa kavSirma omi daiw-yo fineTTan. patara fineTma gmiruli wina-aRmdegoba gauwia wiTel imperias da, mar-Talia, iZulebuli gaxda teritoriis na-wili daeTmo, magram damoukidebloba ma-inc SeinarCuna. fineTis winaaRmdeg mebr-Zol sabWoTa SenaerTebSi qarTvelebic

meore msoflio omis dros safrangeTSi mebrZoli qarTvelebis Sesaxeb dawv-rilebiT ixileT fransu-aza da revaz nikolaZeebis wigni „qarTvelebi safran-geTisTvis brZolaSi“.

dimitri amilaxvris (1906-1942) ojaxma sa-qarTvelo datova sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg. 1926 w. dimitrim warCine-biT daamTavra sen-siris samxedro saswavle-beli da samsaxuri ganagrZo safrangeTis uc-xour legionSi. meore msoflio omis dros, mas Semdeg, rac marSalma petenma xeli moa-wera safrangeTis kapitulacias, d. amilax-vari londonSi Sexvda general de gols, ga-erTianda am ukanasknelis mier Seqmnil „Ta-visufal safrangeTSi“ da brZola ganagrZo CrdiloeT afrikaSi. 1942 wlis 24 oqtombers polkovniki dimitri amilaxvari sasikvdilod daiWra TavSi. generalma de golma dimitri amilaxvari sikvdilis Semdeg „sapatio legi-onis“ ordeniT daajildova. sen-siris sam-xedro saswavleblis 143-e gamoSvebas (1954-1956 ww.) dimitri amilaxvris saxeli mieniWa.

el-alameinis meore brZo-la gaimarTa meore msof-lio omis CrdiloeT af-rikis frontze 1942 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi. bri-tanelebma jer SeaCeres, xolo Semdeg daamarcxes germanelTa da italiel-Ta gaerTianebuli jari.

iyvnen. Svid maTgans sabWoTa kavSiris gmi-ris wodeba mieniWa.

hitlerisa da stalinis „mokavSireoba“ xanmokle aRmoCnda. 1941 wlis 22 ivniss ger-mania Tavs daesxa sabWoTa kavSirs. daiwyo meore msoflio omis yvelaze mniSvnelo-vani da gadamwyveti periodi.

omis dawyebisas aTeul aTasobiT qarT-veli axalgazrda samxedro-savaldebulo samsaxurSi iyo gawveuli da pirvelive dRe-ebidan mouwia sabrZolo moqmedebebSi mo-nawileoba. omis pirveli etapi sabWoTa kav-SirisaTvis katastrofuli gamodga. germa-nelebi win miiwevdnen. marTalia, 1941 wlis dekemberSi moskovTan gamarTul brZolaSi germanelebma marcxi iwvnies da ukan daxe-vac mouwiaT, magram ssrk-is mdgomareoba mainc Zalian mZime iyo. aseT viTarebaSi sab-WoTa xelmZRvanelobam gadawyvita daewyo erovnuli diviziebis Camoyalibebac. am na-bijs unda gaeRvivebina patriotuli ganw-yoba, aemaRlebina brZolisunarianoba. 1942 wlis zamTarSi daiwyo qarTuli Sena-erTebis Camoyalibeba. Seiqmna Semdegi qar-Tuli diviziebi: 224-e, 242-e, 276-e, 296-e,

qarTvelebi II msoflio omSi

26

349-e, 351-e, 386-e, 388-e, 394-e, 392-e, 406-e, 414-e. maTma umetesobam Tavisi sabrZolo gza kavkasiisaTvis mimdinare brZolaSi da-iwyo da metad mZime danakargi ganicada. im sisxlismRvrel brZolebSi, romlebic kav-kasionis uReltexilebis (maruxi, sanWaro, qluxori da sxv.) dasakaveblad mimdina-reobda, aqtiurad monawileobda adgilob-rivi mosaxleobac.

gansakuTrebiT gamosayofia qarTvele-bis msxverpli qerCis naxevarkunZulze gan-xorcielebuli operaciis dros. samxedro xelmZRvanelobis araprofesionalizmisa da uyuradRebobis gamo daSvebulma Sec-domebma, arasworma gadawyvetilebebma da sxva mizezebmac ganapiroba didi msxverpli 1942 wlis maisSi, rodesac germanelebma Se-teva ganaxorcieles. qerCis naxevarkunZu-lze dislocirebuli iyo qarTuli Senaer-Tebi. TiTqmis mTlianad ganadgurda 224-e divizia. saerTod, qerCis brZolebSi daax-loebiT asi aTasamde qarTveli mebrZoli daiRupa. kavkasiisaTvis mimdinare brZola-Si germanelTa damarcxebisa da ukan daxe-vis Semdeg qarTuli diviziebi sxvadasxva frontze mimdinare brZolebSi monawile-obdnen. mag., 242-e divizia ukrainis me-4 frontis SemadgenlobaSi gadaiyvanes da omis bolo etapze is CexoslovakiaSi ibr-Zoda. 276-e divizia monawileobda qalaq kievisaTvis mimdinare brZolebSi, xolo 414-e divizia – yirimis naxevarkunZulisa da qalaq sevastopolisTvis mimdinare sa-brZolo operaciebSi.

qarTuli diviziebis garda, cxadia, qar-Tvelebi sxva (araerovnul) SenaerTebSic ibrZodnen: qveiTTa nawilebSi, aviaciaSi, sazRvao flotSi. qarTveli mebrZolebi mo-nawileobdnen yvela im mniSvnelovan brZo-laSi, romelic germania-ssrk-is frontze mimdinareobda 1941-1945 wlebSi. omSi cal-

gagra

soxumi

oCamCire

baTumiTbilisi

cxinvali

quTaisi

Telavi

maruxi

sanWaro

qluxori

keul sajariso SenaerTebs xelmZRvanelob-dnen generlebi: konstantine leseliZe (46-e armiis sardali), porfire CanCibaZe, vladi-mer janjRava, vladimer naneiSvili, estate tatanaSvili da sxv.

qarTvelebi aseve aqtiurad monawile-obdnen im partizanul razmebSi, romlebic aqtiurad moqmedebdnen germanelTa zurg-Si ukrainisa da belarusis teritoriaze.

germaniis damarcxebis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSirma omi gamoucxada iaponias da Tavisi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis nawili aRmosav-leTSi gadaisrola. amitom qarTvelebs ia-poniis winaaRmdegac mouxdaT brZolebSi monawileoba.

meore msoflio omis dros saqarTve-lodan sabWoTa jarSi gawveuli iyo 700 aTasze meti mebrZoli, maTgan 300 aTasze meti daiRupa.

250 aTasi mebrZoli dajildovda ssrk-is sxvadasxva ordeniTa da medlebiT. 164 kacs mieniWa sabWoTa kavSiris gmiris wo-deba.

aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, marTalia, uSualod saqarTvelos terito-

ruseTi

saqarTvelo

ukraina

bulgareTi

rumineTi

TurqeTi

yirimis n-k

qerCi

Savi zRva

istoria

27

riaze samxedro moqmedebebi faqtobrivad ar mimdinareobda, magram samagierod saqar-TveloSi iseve, rogorc ssrk-is sxva araoku-pirebul regionebSi, TiTqmis mTeli mrewve-loba samxedro warmoebaze iyo gadayvanili. soflebidan sursaT-sanovage frontze ig-zavneboda. saqarTvelom Seifara sabWoTa kavSiris okupirebuli teritoriebidan ga-moxiznuli aTasobiT ltolvili.

daaxloebiT 35 aTasi qarTveli ibrZo-da germaniis mxares. es iyvnen saqarTve-loSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg emigraciaSi wasuli adamianebi an maTi STamomavlebi, umetesad ki, germania-ssrk-is omis pirvel etapze tyved Cavard-nili qarTveli sabWoTa meomrebi, romleb-mac tyveTa banakebSi yofnas germanelebis mxareze gadasvla amjobines. qarTvelTa-gan Seqmnili iyo calkeuli batalionebi, romlebic monawileobas iRebdnen sabrZo-lo moqmedebebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom ger-maniis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis vermaxtis Se-madgenlobaSi arsebobda ara mxolod qar-Tuli, aramed sabWoTa kavSiris Semadgen-lobaSi myofi sxva erebis warmomadgenle-bisagan Semdgari sajariso SenaerTebic. iyo somxebis, azerbaijanelebis, Crdilo-eT kavkasielebis, kazakebis da sxv. erovnu-li SenaerTebi. yvelaze mravalricxovani ki, cxadia, rusebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli.

vermaxtis SemadgenlobaSi qarTuli legionis Seqmnis gadawyvetileba 1942 wlis zamTarSi miiRes. mis formirebaSi

germanel oficrebze metad qarTveli emi-grantebi monawileobdnen. germania-ssrk-is omis dawyebis Semdeg qarTuli emigra-ciis azri orad gaiyo. erTni mxars uWerd-nen germanias da miiCnvdnen, rom omSi ssrk-is damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iqneboda garkveuli saxiT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgena. amgvari viTa-reba iyo pirveli msoflio omis drosac, rodesac qarTveli emigrantebi omSi ger-maniisa da misi mokavSireebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoeb-rivi damoukideblobis aRdgenas varau-dobdnen. maSinac Seiqmna qarTvelTagan da-kompleqtebuli samxedro SenaerTi – „qar-Tuli legioni“, romelic germaniisa da misi mokavSireebis mxares ibrZoda.

emigrantTa meore nawili kategoriuli winaaRmdegi iyo nacistebTan TanamSromlo-bisa, radgan nacistebi maTTvis ara mxolod sabWoTa kavSiris, aramed dasavleT evro-pisa da amerikis saxelmwifoebis mtrebi iyv-nen da, amdenad, safrTxes mTeli civilize-

РОА (Русская Освободителная Армия – qarT. rusuli gamaTavisuflebeli ar-mia), – romelsac ufro vlasovis armi-is saxeliT moixseniebdnen, radgan germanelebis mxareze gadasuli sab-WoTa generali vlasovi xelmZRvane-lobda.

Salva maRlakeli-Zes (1893-1976) sxva-dasxva mniSvnelo-vani Tanamdeboba eka-va 1918 - 1921 ww.-Si: iyo Tbilisis gene-ral-gubernatori, afxazeTis general-gubernatori. 1923 w. wavida emigraciaSi. 30-iani wlebis dasaw-yisSi TanamSromlo-ba daiwyo germaniis dazvervasTan. 1941 w.

gaigzavna germanelebis mier okupirebul poloneTSi, raTa daewyo mzadeba qarTuli legionis Sesaqmnelad. meore msoflio omis Semdeg cxovrobda dasavleT germaniaSi. 1954 wels sabWoTa specsamsaxurebma moita-ces miunxenSi da jer aRmosavleT germania-Si, Semdeg ki sabWoTa kavSirSi gadaiyvanes. garkveuli xani dapatimrebisa da dakiTx-vebis Semdeg Salva maRlakeliZe gaaTavi-sufles da neba darTes sakuTari saxeliTa da gvariT saqarTveloSi ecxovra.

`qarTuli legionis~

(1941-1945) emblema

qarTvelebi II msoflio omSi

buli msofliosTvis warmoadgendnen.

qarTuli legionis Seqmnas saTaveSi ed-ga Salva maRlakeliZe. legionis Camoyali-beba poloneTSi daiwyo, varSavis maxlob-lad. vermaxtis SemadgenlobaSi moqmedeb-da Semdegi qarTuli batalionebi: 795-e ba-talioni „Salva maRlakeliZe“, 796-e bata-lioni, 797-e batalioni „giorgi saakaZe“, 798-e batalioni „mefe erekle II bagratio-ni“, 799-e batalioni „mefe daviT aRmaSene-beli“, 822-e batalioni „Tamar mefe“, 823-e batalioni „SoTa rusTaveli“, 824-e bata-lioni „ilia WavWavaZe“. qarTvelebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli aseve sadiversio-sade-santo razmebi: „Tamar I“ da „Tamar II“. ger-maniis samxedro xelmZRvanelobis gadaw-yvetilebiT Seiqmna aseve sagangebo daniS-nulebis batalioni „bergmani“, romelic dakompleqtebuli iyo qarTvelebiT, azer-baijanelebiT, somxebiTa da CrdiloeT kav-kasielebiT („bergmanSi“ iyo sami qarTuli aseuli).

pirveli sabrZolo naTloba vermaxtis SemadgenlobaSi myofma qarTulma Senaer-

TinaTin quTelia

germaniis mxares mebrZoli qarTvele-bis Sesaxeb sagangebo naSromebi aqvs giorgi mamulias, Грузинский легион в борьбе за свободу и независимость Гру-зии в годы Второй мировой войны, 2003; Грузинский легион вермахта, 2011.

28

istoria

29

diaSi, kunZul teqselze, dislocirebuli 822-e batalionis bedi. 1945 wlis 5-dan 6 ap-rilis Rames batalioni leitenant Salva lolaZis xelmZRvanelobiT ajanyda. ger-manelebma kunZulze damatebiTi samxedro Zalebi gagzavnes. brZolebi ramdenime kvi-ra gagrZelda. batalionis TiTqmis 2/3 brZolaSi daiRupa. gadarCenili da patar-patara razmebad dafantuli qarTveli meb-rZolebi 20 maisamde ganagrZobdnen wina-aRmdegobas, vidre kunZulze kanaduri Se-naerTebi ar gadmosxdnen da germanelebi ar

Tebma 1942 wels kavkasiisaTvis mimdinare brZolebSi miiRes. iyo SemTxvevebi, rode-sac frontis orive mxares qarTuli erov-nuli SenaerTebi idgnen. ase iyo mag., mdina-re baqsanis maxloblad, sadac germaniis armiis mxridan brZolebSi CarTuli iyo 795-e batalioni, sabWoTa armiis mxridan ki– 392-e divizia. orive mxridan mimdinare-obda aqtiuri propagandistuli muSaoba, mowinaaRmdege mxareze myofi qarTvelebis gadasabireblad. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac sabWoTa armiis qarTveli meomrebi germa-niis mxares gadadiodnen da piriqiT.

kavkasiisaTvis mimdinare brZolaSi gan-cdili marcxis Semdeg vermaxtis xelmZRva-nelobam qarTuli batalionebis umetesoba yirimSi gadaiyvana, sadac isini 1944 wlis dasawyisamde darCnen. qarTuli SenaerTe-bis erTi mcire nawili 1943 wels kurskis cnobil brZolaSi monawileobda.

1944 wels qarTuli SenaerTebi vermax-tis xelmZRvanelobam dasavleTis front-ze gadaiyvana. omis dasrulebas isini saf-rangeTis, italiis, daniis, holandiis te-ritoriaze Sexvdnen. aRsaniSnavia holan-

kurskis brZola gaimarTa 1943 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi. germaniis samxedro xelmZRvanelobam dagegma Sete-viTi operacia „citadeli“, romelic mowinaaRmdegis ramdenime armiis alyaSi moqcevasa da ganadgurebas gulisxmobda. sabWoTa jarebma SeZles Setevis mogerieba da warmatebuli kontrieriSiT mowinaaRmdege da-amarcxes. am brZolis Semdeg strategiuli upiratesoba sabolood sabWoTa armiis mxares gadavida. kurs-kis brZola, romelmac II msoflio omis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi roli iTamaSa, ginesis wignSia Setanili, rogorc yvela drois yvelaze masStaburi satanko dapirispireba.

qarTuli legioni

qarTvelebi II msoflio omSi

30

ganaiaraRes. sainteresoa, rom teqselis ajanyebis monawile gadarCenili qarTve-lebi sabWoTa xelisuflebam cimbirSi ga-daasaxla da mxolod ramdenime wlis Sem-deg gaaTavisufla.

aRsaniSnavia, rom safrangeTisa da po-loneTis okupaciis Semdeg am qveynebis te-ritoriaze germanelebis winaaRmdeg mim-dinare aralegalur-partizanul brZo-laSi am saxelmwifoebSi jer kidev omamde mcxovrebi qarTvelebic monawileobdnen.

safrangeTis winaaRmdegobis moZraoba-Si monawileobdnen: qeTevan barnovi, gior-gi lomaZe, giorgi gvazava, sergi wulaZe da sxv.

poloneTSi erT-erTi aseTi pirovneba iyo, Cven mier ukve naxsenebi valerian Tev-zaZe. 1944 wels varSavis ajanyebisas daiRu-pa irine sxirtlaZe, kapitan arkadi sxirt-laZis qaliSvili.

germania-ssrk-is frontze milionobiT tyved Cavardnil sabWoTa jariskacs Soris, cxadia, qarTvelebic iyvnen. maTi nawili germaniis mier okupirebuli qveynebis teri-

ruseTis imperiis armiis podpolkovniki valeri-an TevzaZe (1892-1983) 1918-1921 wlebSi msaxu-robda saqarTvelos res-publikis armiaSi, mona-wileobda TiTqmis yvela sabrZolo moqmedebaSi. iyo generaluri Stabis oficeri da imave dros sajariso wesdebebisa da instruqciebis SemmuSa-

vebeli komisiis mdivanic. 1921 wels wavida emigraciaSi. damkvidrda poloneTSi da Sevida poloneTis jarSi. 1939 wels meTaurobda varSa-vis CrdiloeT nawilis dacvas. okupaciis dros ibrZoda „armia kraiovaSi“. iyo diviziis Stabis ufrosi. sabWoTa okupaciis periodSi cxovrobda kJiJanovskis gvariT. dajildoebuli iyo „virtu-ti militaris“ ordeniT. gardaicvala 1983 wels. sikvdilis win gaamxila Tavisi namdvili gvari. saflavze aweria: `rogorc qarTveli, visurveb-di, rom saqarTveloSi vyofiliyavi dakrZaluli, magram bednieri var imiTac, rom davikrZalebi gmiri da keTilSobili polonelebis miwaze~.

istoria

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toraze arsebul tyveTa banakebSi iyo gada-yvanili. qarTveli tyveebis nawili gaqcevas axerxebda da adgilobriv partizanebs uerTdeboda. qarTvelebi ibrZodnen bal-kaneTSi, poloneTSi, italiaSi, safrangeTSi. ase, magaliTad, safrangeTSi ramdenime aseu-li qarTveli ibrZoda frangi partizanebis mxardamxar. aranaklebi raodenoba qarTve-lebisa ibrZoda italiaSic. italiis erovnu-li gmiris wodeba mieniWa fore mosuliS-vils. italiis saxelmwifos jildoTi, med-liT mxedruli mamacobisTvis dajildovda giorgi varazaSvili, igive kapitani monti, rogorc mas italielebi eZaxdnen. orive germanelebTan Setakebisas daiRupa.

meore msoflio omis dros saqarTvelos damoukidebloba dakarguli hqonda da qarTvelebi kacobriobis istoriaSi am yve-laze sastik da sisxlismRvrel omSi sxva sa-xelmwifoTa droSebis qveS monawileobdnen. qarTvelTa udidesi umravlesoba germani-isa da misi mokavSireebis winaaRmdeg ibrZo-da. saqarTvelom da qarTvelebma am omisas sxva, teritoriulad did da mosaxleobis mxriv mravalricxovan saxelmwifoebze didi msxverpli gaiRes. partizanebTan erTad moqmedi qarTveli

tyveebi, q. marseli, 1944, irakli gegeWkoris

(1911-1987) fotoarqividan

dacemuli raixstagis Tavze sabWoTa droSas aRmarTavs meliton qanTaria, 1945 wlis 30 aprili

qarTvelebi II msoflio omSi