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qarTuli ena da literatura
meore klasi
maswavleblis wigni
naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,
sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministros mier 2018 wels
avtorebi _ naTela maRlakeliZe, elene maRlakeliZe,
sofiko mexaSiSvili, irine nadiraSvili
redaqtori _ neli elizbaraSvili
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ elene varamaSvili
gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2018
naTela maRlakeliZe, 2018
yvela ufleba daculia
ISBN ISBN 978-9941-25-389-8
Sps `gamomcemloba meridiani~
al. yazbegis #47, Tbilisi,
tel.: (+995 32) 239 15 22
E-mail: [email protected]
qarTuli ena da literatura
meore klasi
maswavleblis wigni
3
maswavleblis wignis struqtura
I. saxelmZRvanelos koncefcia 4
II. informacia saxelmZRvanelosa da `aqtivobebis rveulis~ gamoyenebis
Sesaxeb 5
III. meToduri miTiTebani `maswavleblis wignis~ gamosayeneblad 6
IV. pirobiTi niSnebis axsna 7
V. erovnuli saswavlo gegma 8
VI sanimuSo scenarebi 15
VII. mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi 52
miznebisa da Sedegebis ruka 54
4
I. saxelmZRvanelos koncefcia
me-2 klasis qarTuli enisa da litera-
turis saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba sami
wignisagan: a) moswavlis wigni, b) aqtivobebis
rveuli, g) maswavleblis wigni.
winamdebare kompleqtSi asaxva pova im
siaxleebma, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia
dawyebiTi klasebis axali erovnuli saswav-
lo gegmis mixedviT. kompleqtis samive wigni
arsebiTad gadamuSavda, Seivso da ramdenadme
Seicvala.ganaxlda sakiTxavi teqstebis ko-
rpusi da Tematika, savarjiSoTa sistema,
meToduri aparati...
am etapze ZiriTadi sametyvelo kompeten-
ciebis formireba emyareba sakiTxav masalas.
es aris rogorc mxatvruli, ise aramxat-
vruli (martivi dargobrivi, sainformacio,
aRweriTi xasiaTis) teqstebi, romelTa miza-
nia, erTi mxriv, Sesaswavli masalis gageba,
gaazreba da Sefaseba, meore mxriv _ enis
komunikaciuri aspeqtebis (zepirmetyveleba,
kiTxva, wera) daufleba. yovelive ki mimar-
Tulia meore klasis moswavleebSi iseTi
unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebisaken, rogoricaa:
• sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis mosmena,
wakiTxva da maTi Sinaarsis gadmocema;
• maTTvis nacnob Temebze sxvadasxva xa-
siaTis teqstebis gamarTulad wera;
• kiTxvis ZiriTadi strategiebis da-
ufleba;
• mosmenili an wakiTxuli mxatvruli
nawarmoebis dakavSireba pirad gamocdile-
basTan;
• moqmedi piris saqcielis Sefaseba;
• mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis
amocnoba (terminis gareSe) da maTi funqciis
axsna;
• sakuTari interesebis mixedviT sakiTx-
avi literaturis SerCeva;
• teqstebis kiTxva-damuSavebisas martivi
lingvisturi kompetenciebis praqtikulad
formireba...
sakiTxavi teqstebis SerCevisas vxelmZR-
vanelobdiT rogorc maTi wminda saganmana-
Tleblo, ise _ aRmzrdelobiTi funqciebiT.
rogorc cnobilia, sabavSvo literatura
pedagogikisa da mwerlobis Taviseburi naza-
via. pirvel rigSi igi unda iyos am asakis
bavSvebisaTvis saintereso, hqondes martivi
siuJeti, nawarmoebis ena unda iyos mar-
tivi, sada da amave dros maRalmxatvruli.
sakiTxavi teqsti am etapze sam ZiriTad
moTxovnas unda akmayofilebdes: iyos a) fa-
seulobiT Rirebulebebze orientirebuli, b)
moswavlisaTvis saintereso da g) mxatvruli
TvalsazrisiT gamarTuli. unda iTqvas, rom
Tanamedrove qarTuli sabavSvo mwerloba am
mxriv maincdamainc ar gaxlavT ganebivre-
buli da teqstebis SerCevisas ramdenadme
Wirs am samive principis dacva.
pirvel klasSi moswavle ukve met-nak-
lebad daeufla swori kiTxvis Cvevebs, mag-
ram moswavleTa erT nawils jer kidev uWirs
asoebis marcvlebad, marcvlebis sityvebad
gamTlianeba, jer kidev ar aqvs sityvis deko-
direbis Cveva. amitom meore klasSi kiTxvis
swavlebisas muSaoba am mimarTulebiT kv-
lavac grZeldeba, raTa bavSvebi sabolood
daeuflon gawafuli kiTxvis Cvevas.
kvlavac grZeldeba kaligrafiul Cveve-
bze muSaoba. tradiciuli gagebiT, kaligra-
fia lamazad weras niSnavs. dRes man sxva
datvirTva SeiZina da pirvel rigSi gulisx-
mobs swori, marTebuli, erTiani sazogado
xelis Camoyalibebas. saswavlo wlis pirvel
naxevarSi maswavlebels vTavazobT orxazian
badeSi weras, rac mas, Cveni azriT, gauad-
vilebs meore semestridan calxazian badeSi
gadasvlas (Tumca aq Cven maswavlebels ar
vzRudavT da vutovebT Tavisufali arCev-
anis uflebas).
kaligrafia weris mxolod garegnuli
mxarea. mTavaria, moswavle daeuflos Tavisi
naazrevis werilobiTi formiT gadmocemas.
am mizniT maswavlebels vTavazobT mraval-
ferovan weriT savarjiSoebs.
rac Seexeba lingvisturi alRos gamo-
muSavebas, martivi gramatikuli cnebebis
formirebas, vfiqrobT, rom am etapze igi
unda moxdes mxolod praqtikuli gziT,
sakiTxav masalasTan mWidro kavSirSi, sa-
Tanado terminebis miwodebis gareSe. am
5
etapze moswavle jer kidev ar aris mzad
gramatikuli cnebis formirebisa da ganzo-
gadebisaTvis.
wina planze wamoiwia e. w. gamWolma kom-
petenciebma~. ra Tqma unda, qarTuli enisa da
literaturis swavlebisas ZiriTadi da arse-
biTi moswavleTa saerTo wignierebaa. aq Cven
vgulisxmobT ara mxolod zepirmetyvelebis,
mosmenis, kiTxvis, weris unarebis (tradici-
uli gagebiT) formirebas, aramed informa-
ciis damuSavebis, kritikuli azrovnebis,
problemis damoukideblad gadaWris unar-
sac. rac Seexeba sxva gamWol kompetenciebs,
es calkeul teqstebTan dakavSirebiT aris
miTiTebuli.
aseve erTgvari siaxlea Sefasebis ru-
brikebic, romelTac `maswavleblis wignSi~
ixilavT.
maswavleblis wignSi Setanilia davale-
bebi ist-is gamoyenebiT. savarjiSoebi war-
modgenilia gakveTilis gegmebSi bmulebis
saxiT. maswavleblebs SeuZliaT davalebis
CamotvirTva da bukSi gadagzavna moswav-
leebisaTvis, warmodgenilia saitze damza-
debuli eleqtronuli TamaSebi, saiti saSu-
alebas iZleva maswavleblebma moamzadon
axali analogiuri savarjiSoebi da eleqtro-
nuli wignebis Seqmna. (mocemulia rekomen-
daciebi eleqtronuli wignis Sesaqmnelad).
erTgvar siaxled moCans gakveTilis
miznebisa da Sedegebis urTierTkavSirSi
warmodgenac.
maswavleblis wignSi warmodgenilia
diferencirebuli midgomis magaliTi.
II. informacia saxelmZRvanelosa
da `aqtivobebis rveulis~
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
II. 1. moswavlis wignSi teqstebi dalage-
bulia Tematurad. sul warmodgenilia 59
teqsti, romlebic gaerTianebulia 13 Tema-
tur blokSi.
enobrivi da literaturuli masalis
swavleba xdeba integrirebulad da emyareba
sakiTxav teqsts, romelic damuSavebulia
Semdegi rubrikebiT:
a) kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ misi daniSnu-
lebaa klasis momzadeba axali masalis
asaxsnelad, moswavleTa provocireba da
daintereseba. es SeiZleba iyos `gonebrivi
ieriSis ruka~, saTanado videofilmebis naxva
da multimedia teqstebi, sakiTxavi teqstis
sakvanZo sityvebis gacnoba da asociaciuri
rukis~ Sedgena maTi gamoyenebiT, sayrden
sityvebze/andazis mixedviT zepiri teqstis
ageba, ilustraciis mixedviT zepiri teqstis
Sedgena, aqtivoba _ ra vici me mocemuli
sakiTxis Sesaxeb... yvela am aqtivobis miza-
nia kiTxvis dawyebamde klasisTvis saTanado
ganwyobis Seqmna.
b) sakiTxavi teqsti _ am mizniT SerCeulia
sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstebi:
moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, leqsebi, igav-arakebi...
aseve martivi aRweriTi teqstebi. mxatvruli
teqstebis SerCevisas vecadeT dagvecva Jan-
robrivi mravalferovneba, rac Seexeba martiv
dargobriv teqstebs, isini am etapze ZiriTa-
dad sabunebismetyvelo xasiaTisaa.
g) sityvis salaro _ aq ganmartebulia
teqstSi gamoyenebuli ucxo sityvebi, rom-
lebic sakiTxav masalaSi muqi SriftiT
aris awyobili. es uadvilebs moswavles
maT fiqsacias. maswavleblis sayuradRebod
gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom garda am fiqsirebuli
leqsikuri erTeulebisa, romlebic klasis
didi nawilisaTvis savaraudod ucxoa, SeiZ-
leba Segvxvdes iseTi sityvebic, romlebic
calkeuli moswavleebisaTvis aris gauge-
bari. maTi erTi nawilis mniSvneloba gasagebi
xdeba konteqstiT, zogi maTganis axsna ki
maswavlebels damoukideblad mouxdeba.
d) ifiqre _ saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSnu-
lia pirobiTi niSniT da gulisxmobs rogorc
pirveli donis kiTxvebze (eqsplicituri ma-
sala) pasuxebis gacemas teqstis gamoyenebiT,
aseve `striqonebs Soris~ kiTxvas, wakiTxu-
lis gaazrebasa da analizs (implicituri
masala).
6
e) gaakeTe daskvna _ moiTxovs wakiTxu-
lidan saTanado daskvnebis gamotanasa da
dasabuTebas. gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom es ar
gaxlavT daxuruli tipis testuri davaleba
erTaderTi swori pasuxiT. aq mocemuli
variantebidan moswavle irCevs erTs, ro-
melic misTvis misaRebia da aucileblad
asabuTebs Tavis azrs. Tu arc erTi pasuxi
ar aris misTvis misaRebi, asaxelebs alter-
natiul variants. vfiqrobT, msgavsi tipis
aqtivoba xels Seuwyobs rogorc moswavleTa
mier wakiTxulis gaazrebas, aseve damoukide-
beli azrovnebis formirebas.
v) enaze dakvirveba _ aq gaanalizebu lia
enis sakiTxebi sakiTxav masalasTan mWidro
kavSirSi, axlavs saTanado wesebi da ganmarte-
bebi. maqsimalurad vecadeT Segvemcirebina
wesebisa da terminebis raodenoba. migvaCnia,
rom wesis codna ar aris TviTmizani; miza-
nia, moswavlem sworad SeZlos misi gamoy-
eneba zepirsa Tu weriT metyvelebaSi. sadac
aucileblad CavTvaleT wesis gamoyofa,
SemovitaneT rubrika: daimaxsovreT.
z) andaza/gamocana _ axlavs zogierT
teqsts da maTi mizania daexmaros moswavles
wakiTxuli masalis gagebasa da gaazrebaSi.
II. 2. ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelos or-
ganul nawilsa da aucilebel damatebas
warmoadgens `moswavlis rveuli~, romelic
faqtobrivad savarjiSoebisa da testebis
krebuls warmoadgens. igi emsaxureba im
codnis sistematizaciasa da gaRrmavebas,
rac moswavleebma aRniSnul TemasTan da-
kavSirebiT ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelodan
miiRes. savarjiSoebis didi nawili werilo-
biTi xasiaTisaa da aqve, am rveulSi, iwereba.
TiToeul teqstTan dakavSirebiT mocemulia
4-5 davaleba, romelTagan zogi maswavleblis
zedamxedvelobiT klasSi sruldeba, zogi
ki Sin damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili. gakveTilebis scenarebSi Cven
savaraudod mivuTiTeT klasSi da Sin Sesas-
rulebeli davalebebi, magram maswavlebels
SeuZlia garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana.
weras TiToeul gakveTilze daaxloebiT 5-12
wuTi eTmoba.
`rveulSi~ warmodgenili davalebebi
mravalferovania. aq aris logikuri, leqsi-
kur-frazeologiuri, orTografiuli, pun-
qtuaciuri, stilisturi savarjiSoebi, rom-
lebic Seswavlil teqstTan mWidro kavSirSia
da miznad isaxavs weriTi metyvelebis unar-
Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. aq naxavT davale-
bebs rogorc individualuri, ise wyvilebSi
muSaobisaTvis, rac aRniSnulia saTanado
pirobiTi niSniT. aqvea rubrika `Seamowme
Seni Tavi~ (testebi), rac aucileblad indi-
vidualurad unda Sesruldes (magram fron-
talurad gaanalizdes). `testebis~ pasuxebi
`maswavleblis wignSia~ mocemuli.
rveulSi saswavlo wlis pirvel naxevarSi
gamoyenebulia orxaziani bade, xolo II nax-
evridan ki _ calxaziani. es Tavidan gvaci-
lebs im sirTuleebs, rac oTxxaziani badi-
dan calxazianSi ucabed gadasvlas axlavs
Tan. aqve gaTvaliswinebulia kaligrafiuli
savarjiSoebic (aRniSnulia saTanado simbo-
loTi) _ xelnaweri asoebi da asoTa gadabmis
ZiriTadi jgufebi, romelTa codna saWiroa
xelnaweris wasakiTxad, agreTve _ saTanado
grafikuli Cvevebis gamosamuSaveblad. es sa-
varjiSoebi sruldeba klasSi, maswavleblis
daxmarebiT. xelnaweri asoebisa da asoTa gad-
abmebis gacnobas unda hqondes informaciuli
xasiaTi, moswavles Tavad unda davutovoT
SemdgomSi werisas maTi gamoyenebis ufleba.
dasWirdeba Tu ara maswavlebels sxva
damatebiTi rveuli erovnuli saswavlo
gegmiT dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad _ es
Tavad misi gadasawyvetia.
III. meToduri miTiTebani
`maswavleblis wignis~
gamosayeneblad
maswavleblis wigni~ mxolod meToduri
orientiria pedagogisaTvis, igi ar war-
7
moadgens dogmas da ara aqvs instruqciis
xasiaTi. pedagogs SeuZlia misi Secvla, adap-
tireba sakuTari gamocdilebisa da klasis
saerTo donis gaTvaliswinebiT. avtorebis
mizania maswavleblisaTvis rCevebis, meTo-
duri rekomendaciebis micema da ara misi
SezRudva. Cven gvjera, rom pedagogebi mas
SemoqmedebiTad gamoiyeneben.
rogorc cnobilia, erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis mixedviT, II klasSi qarTulis, rogorc
mSobliuri enis, swavlebisaTvis gamoyo-
filia 7 kvireuli saaTi. aqedan maswavlebels
vTavazobT 6 kvireuli saaTis dagegmvas,
xolo me-7 saaTs vutovebT alternatiuli
muSaobisaTvis. maswavlebels SeuZlia am saa-
Tis gamoyeneba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr,
Tumca garkveul rekomendaciebs zogjer
aqac vTavazobT Tematuri gakveTilebis
saxiT. TiToeuli teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebas
eTmoba 2-4 akademiuri saaTi. es saaTebi
calkea gamoyofili da gakveTilebis saxiT
warmodgenili. ra Tqma unda, saaTebis
amgvari ganawileba saorientacioa da maswav-
lebels nebismier SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia maTi
gazrda, Semcireba, gadanacvleba sakuTari
Sexedulebisamebr.
madloba gvinda gadavuxadoT saqarT ve-
los dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqts (G-PRIED).
saskolo praqtikaze dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom
pedagogebi muSaobisas xSirad mimarTaven am
organizaciis mier SemoTavazebul aqtivo-
bebs, vizualur sqemebsa da grafikul orga-
nizatorebs. Cvenc Cveni muSaobisas vecadeT,
SemoqmedebiTad gamogveyenebina isini.
IV. pirobiTi niSnebis axsna