Q&A: Mapping out Future Charging Infrastructure

Moderator: Adam Langton, Energy Analyst, California Public Utilities Commission

• Rob Bearman, Global Alliances - Utilities & Energy, Better Place, Inc.

• Sid Mal, Doctoral Candidate, UCLA’s Smart Grid Energy Research Center

• Kazumi Matsushige, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Former Vice President, Kyoto University

Infrastructure Knowns and Unknowns

Adam Langton

California Public Utilities Commission

CA Charging Infrastructure Knowns

• Some left from the 1990s

• Utilities are not allowed to own charging stations (CPUC Decision 1103027)

• Policies designed to encourage competitive market to meet residential/workplace/public needs

• Some standards in place, some not

CA Charging Infrastructure Unknowns

• How much do we need?

• What business model works?

• What about renters? Workplace?

• What are the grid impacts?

• What about standards?

UCLA EV Research

SMERC (http://smartgrid.ucla.edu)

Smart Parking Garage

Siddhartha Mal

PhD Candidate

Smart Parking Garage

• One million electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are expected to be in use in the US by individuals and fleets by 2015 [1]. Un-managed EV charging will add to peak grid load and would require additional generation capacity [2], [3].

• Smart charging of vehicles – Aggregated EVs can act as a smart load

• Optimize charging of vehicles to aid in peak shaving, valley filling, and overall load levelization

• Schedule charging according to clean/renewable energy availability – Regulate intermittently available renewable energy by varying charging

– Aggregated EVs can also act as a grid resource through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation by sending electricity back into the grid thereby preventing or postponing load shedding [4],[5].

– Accomplish all this while guaranteeing driver schedule and range requirements are met

RFID reader

RFID tag

Internet connected access gate

Screen displaying

access information and

designated parking spot

•When the driver arrives at the parking garage access gate his RFID tag is read by an overhead reader •If the driver is authorized grant him access and assign him a parking spot (displayed on a screen at the gate)

Parking Garage Access Gate

EV owner creating a charge profile

using the EV Command Portal

application on her mobile device

Touchscreen running the

EV Command Portal

application displaying EV charge status

EVSE • Transmits charge status information to the Parking Garage Aggregation Middleware, • Receives charge on/off commands from the Aggregated Charge Scheduler •Allows for level 1 and 2 charging.

Parking Spot

Charge time and cost estimates

Car charge and range status. Real-time pricing information.

User selectable charge mode: 1) Cheapest – charge my car as cheaply as possible within a maximum allowable time 2) Fastest – charge my car as fast as possible, regardless of cost 3) Profile – Charge my charge based on the profile I create

Users may create charge profiles in advance

Garage operators may provide incentives to users who provide their charging schedules in advance – the

more predictable the demand, the

References

[1] United States Department of Energy. (2011, February) “One Million Electric Vehicles By 2015,” http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/edg/news/documents/1_Million_Electric_Vehicle_Report_Final.pdf

[2] J. Kiviluoma, P. Meibom, “Methodology for modelling plug-in electric vehicles in the power system and cost estimates for a system with either smart or dumb electric vehicles,” Energy, Volume 36, Issue 3, pp. 1758-1767, March 2011.

[3] M. Kintner-Meyer, K. Schneider and R.Pratt. “Impacts assessment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electric utilities and regional U.S.

power grids,” Technical analysis. In 10th Annual EUEC Conference, Tucson, AZ, 2007. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). [4] W. Kempton, J. Tomić, "Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing

the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy," Journal of Power Sources, Volume 144, Issue 1, pp. 280-294, June 1, 2005.

[5] C. Guille, G. Gross, "A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation," Energy Policy, Volume 37, Issue 11, pp. 4379-4390, November 2009.

Questions

• How can utilities best leverage the capabilities of a Smart Parking Garage?

– As a Demand Response asset

– As a controllable load

– For regulation services

• Renewable energy

Rob Bearman

Global Energy and Utility Alliances

October, 2011

Better Place Smart Energy International

San Francisco

Better Place is an EV network operator

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EV Ecosystem

A Autos

B Batteries

C Charging infrastructure

D Drivers

E Energy

Questions for this panel

• How can changing regulations affect future charging

infrastructure?

• What is utility involvement?

• How are EVSPs regulated?

• Who should operate and maintain the charging infrastructure?

• Which stakeholders should have ownership over charging

stations and other EV charging infrastructure?

• Business models:

• Sell EVSE

• Sell charging subscriptions

• Sell holistic solution

CONFIDENTIAL © 2010 Better Place 15

Better Place enables mass market EVs

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Customer Need Solution

Convenience Charge spots where you need them, full battery every

morning

No range restrictions Battery switch stations are faster and easier than gas

stations

Affordability

Better Place pays for and owns the battery, reducing upfront

cost and technological risk; customers pay an affordable

monthly fee

Clean energy Adjustable demand to match intermittent renewable energy

Better Place solution elements

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At home, work, and out and about: charge spots and battery switch stations

Access to charging when and where you park

Ability to drive long distances by providing fully

charged batteries on the road

Working with utilities and customers to monitor

and manage energy supply and demand

In hand, in the car: driver services

Behind the scenes: managed EV services

In-car and remote access to your EV’s energy

information, trip planning and other services

Rendering

Better Place network members pay monthly for all inclusive service

“How do you make the world a better place by 2020?”

Use electric vehicles as a networked energy asset - they can help

us meet our Renewable Portfolio Standards goals

Decrease oil consumption, increase renewable generation

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